Freund, Paul Abraham, 1908-1992
Paul Abraham Freund, 1908-1992, was a preeminent legal scholar. Under the guidance of Professor Thomas Reed Powell, Felix Frankfurter and others, Freund became a standout student at Harvard Law School, and was elected as President of the Harvard Law Review from 1930-1931.
After receiving his S.J.D. magna cum laude in 1932, Freund spent a year as clerk to Supreme Court Justice, Louis Brandeis. He remained in Washington for the rest of the decade, working as a government lawyer in the Treasury Department (under Thomas Corcoran and Dean Acheson), Reconstruction Finance Corporation (under Stanley Reed), and finally in the Solicitor Generals Office (again with Stanley Reed, followed by Robert Jackson). In Washington, Freund argued before the United States Supreme Court and wrote briefs for New Deal cases such as gold clause and Tennessee Valley Authority.
Freund returned to Harvard in the fall of 1939 and began an academic career that would take up the rest of his life. (The only interruption was a return to the Department of Justice from 1942-1946.) He became a respected professor at the Law School and, after appointment as Carl M. Loeb University Professor in 1958, at Harvard College as well. Freund created a course for undergraduates, Social Sciences 137: "The Legal Process." It became so popular that he lectured to a packed Sanders Theater. His commitment to his role as teacher and writer was so great that when, in late 1960, a newly-elected John F. Kennedy offered him the Solicitor Generalship, Freund declined, stating his feeling that he could accomplish more for the public good from his post at Harvard.
Besides teaching, Freund’s main academic endeavor for a full 34 years of his life was as Editor of the History of the Supreme Court of the United States. This project was funded by money that Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes left to the United States Government after his death, known as the Holmes Devise. Freund oversaw the production of seven volumes but was not able to see the project to its completion.
During his tenure as professor, Freund vowed not to act as attorney on any cases. However, he did lend his expertise as an academic and advisor beyond the confines of Harvard. In the 1950s he aided Thurgood Marshall and the N.A.A.C.P. legal defense team with the school desegregation cases and was one of John F. Kennedy's team of advisors during his 1960 presidential campaign. Freund also took public stances on many contemporary issues including the Equal Rights Amendment, school prayer, presidential disability, and the elimination of the Electoral College.
In the 1970s Freund led a Federal Judicial Center study that produced the Report of the Study Group on the Caseload of the Supreme Court. Also known as the Freund Report, it recommended the formation of a National Court of Appeals to alleviate some of the Supreme Court's caseload. While Congress never enacted Freund’s recommendations, the report sparked a significant national debate that continues to the present day.
As a leading authority on the U.S. Constitution and the Supreme Court, Freund’s name was mentioned several times as a candidate for the Supreme Court. Freund was considered a top candidate for Supreme Court vacancies during both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations but was never nominated.
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referencedIn | Swisher, Carl Brent. Carl Brent Swisher Collection of Research Material Relating to Roger B. Taney. 1836-1962. | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
referencedIn | Magruder, Calvert, 1893-1968. Papers. 1920-1965 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Kaufman, Andrew L. Andrew L. Kaufman Research Notes and Materials for the Biography of Benjamin Cardozo. 1898-1998. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
creatorOf | Freund, Paul Abraham. Papers of Paul A. Freund. 1918-1993 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Harry Levin papers | Houghton Library | |
referencedIn | Zeligs, Meyer Aaron. Meyer Aaron Zeligs Papers. 1923-1978. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Berger, Raoul. Raoul Berger Papers. 1921-2000. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Powell, Lewis F. Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Papers [part 7]. 1921-1998. | The Library at Washington and Lee University School of Law, Law Library | |
referencedIn | William Ernest Hocking papers | Houghton Library | |
referencedIn | Leach, Walter Barton. W. Barton Leach Papers. 1920-1971. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Sheldon Glueck papers | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
creatorOf | Frankfurter, Felix. Felix Frankfurter Papers. 1900-1965. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Bickel, Alexander M. Alexander Mordecai Bickel papers.1916-1987. | Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives | |
referencedIn | Hart, Henry Melvin, 1904-1969. Papers, 1927-1969 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Kaufman, Andrew L. Andrew L. Kaufman Research Notes and Materials for the Biography of Benjamin Cardozo. 1898-1998. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | The Harvard Corporation. Corporation records: waste-books.1717-1827. | Harvard University Archives. | |
referencedIn | Fishman, Fred Norman. Fred Norman Fishman papers.1949-1965. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965. Papers of Felix Frankfurter, 1900-1965. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Paper, Lewis J. Lewis J. Paper papers. 1981-1987. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
creatorOf | Constitutionalism : the American experiment in wider perspective. Conference papers. 1989. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Gormley, Ken. [Research material]. 1990. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
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referencedIn | Warren, Earl. Earl Warren Papers. 1864-1974. | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
contributorOf | Transcripts of interviews with four Harvard Law School professors : Clark Byse, Abram Chayes, Archibald Cox, and Paul Freund. 1990. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
contributorOf | American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Letters to Lewis Mumford. 1956-1972. | University of Pennsylvania: Biddle Law Library: Manuscripts Collection | |
referencedIn | Burlingham, Charles Culp, 1858-1959. Papers, 1876-1960 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Learned Hand papers | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
contributorOf | Harvard University. Committee of Five. General information by and about the Committee of Five. 1969. | Harvard University Archives. | |
referencedIn | Howe, Mark De Wolfe. Mark De Wolfe Howe papers. 1933-1967. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Powell, Thomas Reed, 1880-1955. Papers, 1905-1955 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Harvard University Archives Photograph Collection: Portraits, ca. 1852-ca. 2004 | Harvard University Archives. | |
referencedIn | Portraits of University Professors, 1962-ca.1967 | Harvard University Archives. | |
referencedIn | Helman, Irving J. Irving J. Helman correspondence and materials relating to Felix Frankfurter. 1947-1996 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Maclay, John Herbert. Class Notes of John Herbert Maclay. 1937-1940. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Swisher, Carl Brent. The Carl Brent Swisher collection of research materials relating to Roger B. Taney. 1836-1962. | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
referencedIn | Seavey, Warren Abner. Warren Abner Seavey papers. 1926-1964. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Brennan, William Joseph. William J. Brennan Papers, 1945-1998. | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
referencedIn | Arthur E. Sutherland papers | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Chappell, Warren. Papers of Warren Chappell. 1897-1985. | University of Virginia. Library | |
referencedIn | Marks, Herbert Simon. Herbert Simon Marks Papers. 1933-1946. | New York State Archives | |
referencedIn | Shapiro, David Louis. Class notes of David L. Shapiro, 1954-1957 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Hastie, William. William Hastie papers. 1916-1976. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
creatorOf | Paul A. Freund papers | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars. Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars records. 1927-1949. | New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division | |
referencedIn | Diplomas, honorary degrees, citations and awards of persons affiliated with Harvard Law School. 1834 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | East, Catherine Shipe. Papers of Catherine Shipe East. 1941-1995 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
referencedIn | Harry Levin papers | Houghton Library | |
referencedIn | Powell, Lewis F. Lewis F. Powell, Jr. papers [part 4]. 1921-1998. | The Library at Washington and Lee University School of Law, Law Library | |
referencedIn | Waldron, William Augustus. Class Notes of William Augustus Waldron. 1940-1941. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Scott, Austin Wakeman. Austin Wakeman Scott papers. 1906-1979. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Elman, Philip. Philip Elman papers. 1925-1979. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
referencedIn | Fuller, Lon L. Lon L. Fuller papers. 1926-1977. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
creatorOf | Freund, Paul Abraham. Correspondence to Van Wyck Brooks. 1955. | University of Pennsylvania Library | |
referencedIn | Brown, Herman LaRue. Herman LaRue Brown papers. 1890-1969 | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
creatorOf | Freund, Paul Abraham. Class notes of Paul Freund. ca.1928-1931. | Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 |
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