Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911

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Higginson was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on December 22, 1823. He was a descendant of Francis Higginson, a Puritan minister and immigrant to the colony of Massachusetts Bay. His father, Stephen Higginson (born in Salem, Massachusetts, November 20, 1770; died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 20, 1834), was a merchant and philanthropist in Boston and steward of Harvard University from 1818 until 1834. His grandfather, also named Stephen Higginson, was a member of the Continental Congress. He was a distant cousin of Henry Lee Higginson, founder of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a great grandson of his grandfather. A third great grandfather was New Hampshire Lieutenant-Governor John Wentworth.

Higginson entered Harvard College at age thirteen and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa at sixteen. He graduated in 1841 and was a schoolmaster for two years. In 1842 he became engaged to Mary Elizabeth Channing.

He then studied theology at the Harvard Divinity School. At the end of his first year of divinity training, he withdrew from the school to turn his attention to the abolitionist cause. He spent the subsequent year studying and, following the lead of Transcendentalist Unitarian minister Theodore Parker, fighting against the expected war with Mexico. Believing that war was only an excuse to expand slavery and the slave power, Higginson wrote anti-war poems and went door-to-door to get signatures for anti-war petitions. With the split of the anti-slavery movement in the 1840s, Higginson subscribed to the Disunion Abolitionists, who believed that as long as slave states remained a part of the union, Constitutional support for slavery could never be amended.

Higginson married Mary Channing in 1847 after graduating from divinity school. Mary was the daughter of Dr. Walter Channing, a pioneer in the field of obstetrics and gynecology who taught at Harvard University, the niece of Unitarian minister, William Ellery Channing, and the sister of Henry David Thoreau's friend Ellery Channing. Higginson and Mary Channing had no children but raised Margaret Fuller Channing, the eldest daughter of Ellen Fuller and Ellery Channing. Ellen was the sister of the Transcendentalist and feminist author, Margaret Fuller. Mary Channing died in 1877. Two years later Higginson married Mary Potter Thacher, with whom he had two daughters, one of whom survived into adulthood.

Higginson was also related to Harriet Higginson, whose Wooddale, Illinois, home was the first commission of famed architect Bertrand Goldberg in 1934.

A year after his leaving divinity school, a growing passion for abolitionism led Higginson to recommence his divinity studies. He graduated in 1847 and was called as pastor at the First Religious Society of Newburyport, Massachusetts, a Unitarian church known for its liberal Christianity. He supported the Essex County Antislavery Society and criticized the poor treatment of workers at Newburyport cotton factories. Additionally, the young minister invited Theodore Parker and fugitive slave William Wells Brown to speak at the church, and in sermons he condemned northern apathy towards slavery. In his role as board member of the Newburyport Lyceum and against the wishes of the majority of the board, Higginson brought Ralph Waldo Emerson to speak. Higginson proved too radical for the congregation and was forced to resign in 1848.

The Compromise of 1850 brought new challenges and new ambitions for the unemployed minister. He ran as the Free Soil party candidate in the Massachusetts Third Congressional District in 1850, but lost. Higginson called upon citizens to uphold God's law and disobey the Fugitive Slave Act. He joined the Boston Vigilance Committee, an organization whose purpose was to protect fugitive slaves from pursuit and capture. His joining of the group was inspired by the arrest and trial of the free black Frederick Jenkins, known as Shadrach. Abolitionists helped him escape to Canada. He participated with Wendell Phillips and Theodore Parker in the attempt at freeing Thomas Sims, a Georgia slave who had escaped to Boston. In 1854, when the escaped Anthony Burns was threatened with extradition under the Fugitive Slave Act, Higginson led a small group who stormed the federal courthouse in Boston with battering rams, axes, cleavers, and revolvers. They could not prevent Burns from being taken back to the South. Higginson received a saber slash on his chin; he wore the scar proudly for the rest of his life.

In 1852, Higginson became pastor of the Free Church in Worcester. During his tenure, Higginson not only supported abolition, but also temperance, labor rights, and rights of women.

Returning from a voyage to Europe for the health of his wife, who had an unknown illness, Higginson organized a group of men on behalf of the New England Emigration Aid Company to use peaceful means as tensions rose after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The act divided the region into the Kansas and Nebraska territories, whose residents would separately vote on whether to allow slavery within each jurisdiction's borders. Both abolitionist and pro-slavery supporters began to migrate to the territories. After his return, Higginson worked to keep activism aroused in New England by speechmaking, fundraising, and helping to organize the Massachusetts Kansas Aid Committee. He returned to the Kansas territory as an agent of the National Kansas Aid Committee, working to rebuild morale and distribute supplies to settlers. Higginson became convinced that abolition could not be attained by peaceful methods.

As sectional conflict escalated, he continued to support disunion abolitionism, organizing the Worcester Disunion Convention in 1857. The convention asserted abolition as its primary goal, even if it would lead the country to war. Higginson was a fervent supporter of John Brown and is remembered as one of the "Secret Six" abolitionists who helped Brown raise money and procure supplies for his intended slave insurrection at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. When Brown was captured, Higginson tried to raise money for a trial defense and made plans to help the leader escape from prison, though he was ultimately unsuccessful. Other members of the Secret Six fled to Canada or elsewhere after Brown's capture, but Higginson never fled, despite his involvement being common knowledge. Higginson was never arrested or called to testify.

Higginson was one of leading male advocates of woman's rights during the decade before the Civil War. In 1853, he addressed the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention in support of a petition asking that women be allowed to vote on ratification of the new constitution. Published as "Woman and Her Wishes," the address was used many years as a woman's rights tract, as was an 1859 article he wrote for the Atlantic Monthly, "Ought Women to Learn the Alphabet?" A close friend and supporter of woman's rights leader Lucy Stone, he performed the marriage ceremony of Stone and Henry Browne Blackwell in 1855 and, by sending their protest of unjust marriage laws to the press, was responsible for their "Marriage Protest" becoming a famous document. Together with Stone, he compiled and published The Woman's Rights Almanac for 1858, which provided data such as income disparity between the sexes as well as a summary of gains made by the national movement during its first seven years. He also compiled and published, in 1858, "Consistent Democracy: The Elective Franchise for Women. Twenty-five Testimonies of Prominent Men," brief excerpts favoring woman suffrage from the speeches or writing of such men as Wendell Phillips, Henry Ward Beecher, Rev. Wm.H. Channing, Horace Greeley, Gerrit Smith, and various governors, legislators, and legislative reports. A member of the National Woman's Rights Central Committee since 1853 or 1854, he was one of nine activists retained in that post when that large body of state representatives was reduced in 1858.

After the Civil War, Higginson was an organizer of the New England Woman Suffrage Association in 1868, and of the American Woman Suffrage Association the following year. He was one of the original editors of the suffrage newspaper The Woman's Journal, founded in 1870, and contributed a front-page column to it for fourteen years. As a two-year member of the Massachusetts legislature, 1880–82, he was a valuable link between suffragists and the legislature.

During the early part of the Civil War, Higginson was a captain in the 51st Massachusetts Infantry from November 1862 to October 1864, when he was retired because of a wound received in the preceding August. He was colonel of the First South Carolina Volunteers, the first authorized regiment recruited from freedmen for Union military service. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton required that black regiments be commanded by white officers. "We, their officers, did not go there to teach lessons, but to receive them," Higginson wrote. "There were more than a hundred men in the ranks who had voluntarily met more dangers in their escape from slavery than any of my young captains had incurred in all their lives."

Higginson described his Civil War experiences in Army Life in a Black Regiment (1870), which has been published online by Project Gutenberg (gutenberg.org). He contributed to the preservation of Negro spirituals by copying dialect verses and music he heard sung around the regiment's campfires. In his book, Drawn by the Sword, historian James M. McPherson argued that Higginson's service as a Union soldier showed in part that he did not share the "powerful racial prejudices" of others during the time period.

After the Civil War, Higginson became active in the Free Religious Association (FRA) and delivered the speech The Sympathy of Religions in 1870, which was later published and circulated. The address argued that all religions shared essential truths and a common exhortation toward benevolence, and that, indeed, division among them was ultimately artificial: "Every step in the progress of each brings it nearer to all the rest. For us, the door out of superstition and sin may be called Christianity; that is an historical name only, the accident of a birthplace. But other nations find other outlets; they must pass through their own doors." He pushed the FRA to tolerate even those who did not accept the liberal principles the Association espoused, asking "Are we as large as our theory? ... Are we as ready to tolerate ... the Evangelical man as the Mohammedan?" Although his own relationship to evangelical Protestants remained strained, he saw the exclusion of any religious mindset as fundamentally dangerous to the organization. Higginson spoke at the Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and praised the great strides that had been made in the mutual understanding of the world's great religions, describing the Parliament as the culmination of the FRA's greatest ambitions.

After the Civil War, he devoted most of his time to literature. His writings show a deep love of nature, art and humanity. In his Common Sense About Women (1881) and his Women and Men (1888), he advocated equality of opportunity and equality of rights for the two sexes.

In 1874, Higginson was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.

In 1891, Higginson became one of the founders of the Society of American Friends of Russian Freedom (SAFRF). He edited its public appeal "To the Friends of Russian Freedom". Later, in 1907 Higginson was the vice-president of the SAFRF.

In 1905, he joined with Jack London and Upton Sinclair to form the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. Higginson was an Advisory Editor for the second attempt at The Massachusetts Magazine.

Higginson died May 9, 1911. Although his death record states that he was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he is actually buried in Cambridge Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts at the intersection of Riverview, Lawn, and Prospect paths.

Higginson's deep conviction in the evils of slavery stemmed in part from his mother's influence. He greatly admired abolitionists, who, despite persecution, showed courage and commitment to the worthy cause. The writings of William Lloyd Garrison and Lydia Maria Child were particularly influential to Higginson's abolitionist enthusiasm during the early 1840s.

Higginson was a strong advocate of homeopathy. In 1863, he wrote to Mary Channing Higginson – ".. and also Ms. Laura Towne, the homeopathic physician of the department, chief teacher and probably the most energetic person this side of civilisation: a person of splendid health and astonishing capacity.... I think she has done more for me than anyone else by prescribing homeopathic arsenic as a tonic, one powder every day on rising, and it has already, I think (3 doses) affected me."

In politics, Higginson was successively a Republican, an Independent and a Democrat. He described his early youth as having an interest in Brook Farm and of Fourierism.

Higginson is remembered as a correspondent and literary mentor to the poet Emily Dickinson.

In April 1862, Higginson published an article in the Atlantic Monthly, titled "Letter to a Young Contributor," in which he advised budding young writers to step up. Emily Dickinson, a 32-year-old woman from Amherst, Massachusetts, sent a letter to Higginson, enclosing four poems and asking, "Are you too deeply occupied to say if my Verse is alive?" (Letter 260) He was not – his reply included gentle "surgery" (that is, criticism) of Dickinson's raw, odd verse, questions about Dickinson's personal and literary background, and a request for more poems.

Higginson's next reply contained high praise, causing Dickinson to reply that it "gave no drunkenness" only because she had "tasted rum before"; she still, though, had "few pleasures so deep as your opinion, and if I tried to thank you, my tears would block my tongue" (Letter 265). But in the same letter, Higginson warned her against publishing her poetry because of its unconventional form and style.

Gradually, Higginson became Dickinson's mentor and "preceptor," though he almost felt out of Dickinson's league. "The bee himself did not evade the schoolboy more than she evaded me," he wrote, "and even at this day I still stand somewhat bewildered, like the boy." ("Emily Dickinson's Letters," Atlantic Monthly, October 1891) After Dickinson died, Higginson collaborated with Mabel Loomis Todd in publishing volumes of her poetry – heavily edited in favor of conventional punctuation, diction, and rhyme. In White Heat (Knopf, 2008), an account of Higginson's friendship with Dickinson, author Brenda Wineapple credits Higginson with more editorial sensitivity than literary historians have assumed. Higginson's intellectual prominence helped gain favor for Dickinson's altered but still startling and strange poetry.

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referencedIn Diaries, 1883-1914. Houghton Library
creatorOf J. Eastman Chase papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn United States. Army. Dept. of the South. Records, 1862-1866. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Titus, William A., 1868-1951. Papers, 1835-1951. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
creatorOf Bacheller, Irving, 1859-1950. Century Magazine correspondence, 1885-1914. Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
creatorOf Hoar, George Frisbie, 1826-1904. Scrapbook of Frank Headley Sprague, 1898-1903, 1930. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
referencedIn George T. Downing Papers, Downing, George T. Papers, 1850-1886, (bulk 1861-1873) Roger Williams University
referencedIn William James correspondence, 1856-1910. Houghton Library
creatorOf Arnold, Edwin, Sir, 1832-1904. Autograph letter signed Edwin Arnold to: Colonel Higginson September 22, 1889. Wellesley College
referencedIn Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891. Additional papers, 1767-1898. Houghton Library
referencedIn Sumner, Charles, 1811-1874. Correspondence, 1829-1874 Houghton Library
referencedIn Higginson, Thomas W - Age [Blank], Year: 1862 - 33rd US Colored Infantry, Misc Cards National Archives at Washington, D.C
referencedIn Richard Watson Gilder Collection University of Virginia. Library. Special Collections Dept.
referencedIn Barrett, Lillian, fl. 1920. Autograph letter signed : Newport, Rhode Island, to Mrs. Bird, [ca. 1920]. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Stone, Lucy, 1818-1893. Letters, 1852-1893 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Carte de visite album, 1862-1866 Cambridge Historical Society
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Thomas Wentworth Higginson papers, 1856-1911. Houghton Library
referencedIn Alcott, Louisa May, 1832-1888. Literary papers, 1722-1963. Rutgers University
referencedIn Otto Dresel papers, 1845-1891. Houghton Library
creatorOf Colorado College. Autograph collection of prominent 19th century Americans. Colorado College, Tutt Library
referencedIn Howe family papers, 1819-1910. Houghton Library
creatorOf Churchill, Winston, 1871-1947. Papers of Winston Churchill [manuscript], 1897-1933. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn J. T. (John Townsend) Trowbridge papers, 1855-1939. Houghton Library
referencedIn Lucien Howe papers, 1892-1940 (inclusive), 1907-1931 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Johnson, William Woolsey, 1841-1927. William Woolsey Johnson papers, 1783-1903 (inclusive), 1850-1903 (bulk). Yale University Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letter signed T.W. Higginson to: "Madam" February 10, 1894. Wellesley College
referencedIn Thomas Bailey Aldrich papers, 1837-1926. Houghton Library
referencedIn William Roscoe Thayer papers, 1762-1927 (inclusive), 1872-1921 (bulk) Houghton Library
referencedIn Curson-Marquand family papers, 1683-1943. Houghton Library
referencedIn New England Hospital for Women and Children. Records, 1792-1994 Smith College, Neilson Library
creatorOf Albee, John, 1833-1915,. Letters to Mrs. E.H. Bigelow and Thomas W. Higginson, 1890. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Howells, William Dean, 1837-1920. Letter, 1872. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Jackson, Helen Hunt, 1830-1885. Papers, 1873. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Houghton Library printed book provenance file, E-K. Houghton Library
referencedIn Bliss Carman miscellaneous correspondence, 1888-1928. Houghton Library
creatorOf Guiney, Louise Imogen, 1861-1920. Correspondence with Aleck [Abrahams], Arlo Bates, Willa Sibert Cather, George S. Lockwood, Mr. Moody, John H. Holmes, Colonel Higginson, Mr. Collier, Edward Bok, Louise Collier Willcox; 4 holograph poems, 3 typed mimeographed poems, and an album leaf. University of Wisconsin - Madison, General Library System
referencedIn Autograph File, L, 1641-1976. Houghton Library
referencedIn Love family papers, 1872-1958 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Papers of the Howe-Richards family, 1840-1950. Houghton Library
creatorOf New England Emigrant Aid Company. Records, 1855-1862. Massachusetts Historical Society
creatorOf Wildman, John K. John K. Wildman letters received from suffragists, 1871-1901. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 33rd (1864-1866). 1st South Carolina / 33rd U.S. Colored Troops Records, [ca. 1847-1923, 1983] (bulk dates 1850s-1860s) University of California, Santa Barbara, UCSB Library
referencedIn Houghton Library printed book provenance file, E-K. Houghton Library
referencedIn Thomas Wentworth Higginson correspondence Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. The Hawthorne centenary celebration at the Wayside : Concord, Massachusetts, July 4-7, 1904. First day, July Fourth : typescript, 1904. Concord Free Public Library, Special Collection
creatorOf Roche, James Jeffrey, 1847-1908. James Jeffrey Roche letters, 1870-1915, bulk 1889-1908. Boston College. John J. Burns Library
creatorOf Hayne, William Hamilton, 1856-1929. William Hamilton Hayne papers, 1873-1929. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letter signed : Rockport, to the Rev. John Pierpont, 1854 Jul. 11. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Charles Eliot Norton Collection, 1851 University of Virginia. Library. Special Collections Dept.
referencedIn Blackwell family. Papers, 1784-1944 (bulk: 1832-1939) Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn William Woolsey Johnson papers, 1783-1903 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
creatorOf Peabody, Josephine Preston, 1874-1922. Additional papers, 1874-1922. Houghton Library
creatorOf Norton, Sara, b. 1864,. Condolences on the death of Charles Eliot Norton, 1908-1909. Houghton Library
referencedIn Ralph Waldo Emerson letters from various correspondents, ca. 1814-1882. Houghton Library
referencedIn Todd-Bingham picture collection, 1837-1966 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Markham, Jeanette, 1862-1932. Scrapbook, 1885-1889 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Rebecca Spring Papers, ca. 1830-1900 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Lutz, Alma, 1890-1973. Collection of documents by and about abolitionists and women's rights activists, 1775-1943 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letters to Elias Nason, Horace Howard Furness, and Rev. William Henry Furness, 1850-1879. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Hawthorne, Sophia Peabody, 1809-1871. Letter, 1867. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn John Brown manuscripts Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Henry Oscar Houghton additional papers, 1836-1977. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson family. Papers, 1631-1902, bulk: 1670-1878. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn White, Sallie Joy, 1847-1909. Papers, 1828-1936 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Clarke, James Freeman, 1810-1888. Additional correspondence, 1787-1886 Houghton Library
creatorOf Dorilus Morrison and family papers, 1706-1913. Minnesota Historical Society Library
creatorOf Frank Shipley Collins papers, 1872-1919, 1872-1919 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Intercollegiate Socialist Society Records, 1900-1921 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Houghton Mifflin Company contracts, 1831-1979 (inclusive) 1880-1940 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Exercise books in Greek, Latin, Mathematics, Italian, and French, 1837-1840. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts Civil War collection, 1724-1933 (inclusive); 1861-1912 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Letters from Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Edward Channing, 1884-1928. Houghton Library
referencedIn Dickinson family photographs, ca. 1840-1940. Houghton Library
referencedIn Papers of Harriet Jane Hanson Robinson and Harriette Lucy Robinson Shattuck, 1833-1937 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Sarah Orne Jewett correspondence, 1861-1930. Houghton Library
referencedIn Harvard University Archives Photograph Collection: Portraits, ca. 1852-ca. 2004 Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Walter Hines Page letters from various correspondents, American period Houghton Library
referencedIn Smalley, George W. (George Washburn), 1833-1916. Papers of George Washburn Smalley, 1870-1897. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Clapp, William Warland, Jr., 1826-1891. Correspondence, 1790-1891 (bulk 1840-1891) Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Note, 1882 Mar. 19, Cambridge, Mass, to Hugo Erichsen, Detroit. University of Michigan
referencedIn Bird, Francis William, 1809-1894. Papers, 1826-1924; bulk: 1847-1889 Houghton Library
creatorOf Bowditch, Nathaniel, 1773-1838. Bowditch Family Papers, 1712-1927. Peabody Essex Museum
creatorOf Adams, Charles Francis, 1807-1886. Acknowledgment : to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1877 Dec. 12. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letter signed : Cambridge, Mass., to Mrs. Pond, 1903 Apr. 22. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Winsor, Justin, 1831-1897. Miltoniana, ca. 1879-1907. Houghton Library
creatorOf Channing family. Correspondence nd other papers, 1825-1936. Houghton Library
creatorOf Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton, 1849-1937. Diaries, 1883-1914. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letter to an unknown recipient, possibly R. D. Blackmore [manuscript], 1871 January 11. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Since Cleopatra died : manuscript poem, ca. 1900. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Erichsen, Hugo, 1860-1944. Literary papers: miscellany, 1880-1896. University of Michigan
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letter signed Thomas Wentworth Higginson to: Mr. Lincoln November 17, 1903. Wellesley College
creatorOf Crosby, William Chase, 1806-1880. Papers, 1818-1881. Raymond H. Fogler Library
referencedIn Century Company records New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Additional papers of John Graham Brooks, 1845-1938 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Papers of Professor Henry William Wilder Foote and Family, 1714-1959 Andover-Harvard Theological Library
referencedIn John Jay Chapman papers Houghton Library
referencedIn Miscellaneous Canadian papers, 1646-1935. Houghton Library
referencedIn Photographic Portrait File The Huntington Library
referencedIn Autograph File, M Houghton Library
referencedIn New England Women's Club. Records, 1843-1970 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Correspondence and other papers, 1825-1936. Houghton Library
referencedIn Approved Pension File for Mary T. Higginson, Widow of Colonel Thomas W. Higginson, 33rd U.S. Colored Troops Infantry Regiment (XC-2683709) National Archives at Washington, D.C
creatorOf Churchill, Winston, 1871-1947. Papers, 1891-1947. Dartmouth College Library
referencedIn Bancroft, George, 1800-1891. Letter : Newport, R.I., to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1876 Sept. 22. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Adams, Charles Francis, 1835-1915. Letter : Quincy, Mass., to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1879 Sept. 6 Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Mussey, Franklin. Franklin Mussey correspondence, 1853-1866. Maine Historical Society Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letter, 1888 May 6, Cambridge, Mass., to "Dear Sir" [n.p.] University of Michigan
referencedIn Carlton and Territa A. Lowenberg, Collection on Dickinson, 1825-1991 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library
referencedIn Letters from various correspondents, 1819-1889.. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Scrapbooks, 1867-1879. Houghton Library
referencedIn Penn School Papers, 1862-2004 and undated (bulk 1862-1978) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letters, ca.1890. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
creatorOf Ellis, George Edward, 1814-1894. George E. Ellis writings, 1843-1893. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn Samuel Longfellow Collection, n.d. University of Virginia. Library. Special Collections Dept.
referencedIn White, Sallie Elizabeth Joy. Papers, 1828-1936 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Papers, 1841-1909 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Lesley, J. P. (J. Peter), 1819-1903. Papers, 1826-1898. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Arnold, Matthew, 1822-1888. Autograph letter signed Matthew Arnold to: Colonel Higginson August 6, 1883. Wellesley College
referencedIn Portrait file: Guide. Houghton Library
referencedIn Intercollegiate Socialist Society Records, 1900-1921 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
creatorOf Meynell, Alice, 1847-1922. Autograph letter signed Alice Meynell to: "colonel Higginson" October 31, [s.d.]. Wellesley College
creatorOf Mack, Florence,. Autographs. Colorado College, Tutt Library
creatorOf Holyoke, George O. Letter, 1903, Oct. 21, West New Brighton, Staten Island, N.Y., to Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Todd, Mabel Loomis, 1856-1932. Mabel Loomis Todd papers, 1863-1948 (inclusive). Yale University Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letter : Newport, R.I., to an uknown woman, 1870 Jan. 14. University of Chicago Library
referencedIn Charles Deane collection 1840-1909 1848-1889 Deane, Charles collection William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939. Papers, ca.1800-1941. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Amy Lowell autograph collection, 1523-1930. Macaulay, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron, 1800-1859. Autograph manuscript letter (signed) to [Mary] Berry; Bourges, 1843 September 1. Houghton Library
referencedIn F. B. Sanborn and William Ellery Channing papers, 1834-1917. Houghton Library
referencedIn Dickinson Family. Dickinson family library. 1810-1943. Houghton Library
referencedIn Autograph File, P, 1554-2005. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Additional papers, 1779-1910 Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth Storrow, 1823-1911. Letter, [ca. 186-?], to Capt. Rogers. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn James Russell Lowell papers, 1835-1919. Houghton Library
referencedIn Todd family. Todd-Bingham picture collection, 1837-1966 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn William Dudley Foulke papers Library of Congress
referencedIn Autograph File, S, 1556-1996. Houghton Library
referencedIn Phillips, Wendell, 1811-1884. Papers, 1555-1882 (bulk: 1833-1881) Houghton Library
referencedIn Records, 1882-1889. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letters signed (2) : Cambridge, Mass., to Harper & Bros., 1892 Jan. 7 and 29. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. T. W. Higginson letter to Miss Wellington, 1872 December 29. University of California, Santa Barbara, UCSB Library
creatorOf Hay, John, 1838-1905. Correspondence, 1854-1914, "Hendry" to "House". Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Emily Dickinson miscellaneous papers, 1858-1899. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Thomas Wentworth Higginson additional papers, 1779-1910. Houghton Library
referencedIn Batchelder family papers, 1806-1902 Houghton Library
creatorOf Garland, Hamlin, 1860-1940. Letter from Hamlin Garland to Thomas Wentworth Higginson [manuscript], 1897 October 16. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Elizabeth Palmer Peabody collection of papers, 1822-[1957, 1832-1838 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1863-1879 Smithsonian Institution Archives
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letter signed : "The Round Table" [Boston], to Mrs. [Mary Ashton Rice] Livermore, 1892 May 4. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Mark Anthony De Wolfe Howe additional papers Houghton Library
creatorOf Sedgwick, Ora Gannett, 1825- . Brook Farm Papers, [ca. 1841-1847]. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Joseph Halle Schaffner autograph collection, 1683-1948. Houghton Library
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creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Thomas Wentworth Higginson letters [manuscript], 1899, n.d. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn New England Hospital for Women and Children. Records, 1792-1994 Smith College, Neilson Library
referencedIn Brooks, Charlotte F. Papers, 1871-1908 (inclusive), 1871-1901 (bulk). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Louisa May Alcott papers, 1862-1888 L. Tom Perry Special Collections
referencedIn Unitarian Historical Society (U.S.). Records, 1900-1978 (inclusive). Harvard University, Divinity School Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letters, 1898, to Edward Everett Hale. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Fuller, Margaret, 1810-1850. Notes of Margaret Fuller Ossoli for a lecture by Mr. Dana [manuscript], 19th century. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Chesnutt, Charles Waddell, 1858-1932. Charles W. Chesnutt papers, 1864-1938. John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library. Special Collections & Archives
referencedIn Lydia Maria Child Collection, 1844-1879 University of Virginia. Library. Special Collections Dept.
referencedIn Phillips Brooks and Brooks family papers, 1750-1917. Houghton Library
creatorOf Pierpont, John, 1785-1866. Autograph letter signed Jn. Pierpont to: [Rev. T.W. Higginson] November 16, 1853. Wellesley College
referencedIn Henry Oscar Houghton papers, 1773-1932 (bulk 1833-1895) Houghton Library
creatorOf Channing family. Papers II, 1732-1909. Massachusetts Historical Society
creatorOf Higginson, Margaret Waldo. Autograph album, 1854-1908. Smith College, Neilson Library
referencedIn Harvard University. Records of King Alfred Millenary, 1901. Harvard University Archives.
creatorOf Dickinson, Emily, 1830-1886. Miscellaneous papers, 1858-1899. Houghton Library
referencedIn Autograph album, 1877-1893. Houghton Library
referencedIn Muzzy, Franklin. Correspondence, 1835-1873. Maine Historical Society Library
creatorOf Burditt, Ellen Lord, 1835-1919. Letters received, 1893-1902. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891. Papers of James Russell Lowell [manuscript], 1802-1927 (bulk 1838-1891). University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Higginson, Thomas Wentworth - Age [Blank], Year: 1862 - 33rd US Colored Infantry National Archives at Washington, D.C
referencedIn Admiralty Library-Higginson-Newell collection, 1721-1907 (inclusive), [microform]. Yale University Library
creatorOf Poe Memorial Association. Correspondence of the Poe Memorial Association [manuscript], 1899-1911. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn William Roscoe Thayer additional papers, 1796-1927 (inclusive), 1877-1927 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Scudder, Horace Elisha, 1838-1902. Letters received, 1876-1877. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Fred Stanley Goodrich papers, 1863-1918 Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Papers of John Graham Brooks, 1805-1938 (bulk 1900-1938) Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Papers of Louise Greer [manuscript], 1851-1964. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letter, 1909. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Shetterly, Charles Kiely. Autograph collection of famous men and women, 1845-1901. University of Michigan
creatorOf Bowditch, Henry I. (Henry Ingersoll), 1808-1892. John Brown collection, 1861-1918. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn Anna E. Dickinson Papers, 1859-1951, (bulk 1859-1911) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Charles Follen Adams papers, 1857-1917. Houghton Library
referencedIn Howells, William Dean, 1837-1920. Papers of William Dean Howells [manuscript], 1866-1919. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Sanborn, F. B. (Franklin Benjamin), 1831-1917. Franklin Benjamin Sanborn papers, 1845-1936 (bulk 1845-1936) Concord Free Public Library, Special Collection
creatorOf Erichsen, Hugo, 1860-1944. Methods of authors papers, 1884. University of Michigan
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Scrapbook of clippings, Oldport Days, 1873. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Higginson, Thomas Wentworth - Unit: 51st Militia, Infantry, Company: C - Enlistment Rank: Capt, Discharge Rank: Capt National Archives at Washington, D.C
referencedIn Papers, 1806-1973 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Lesley, J. Peter, 1819-1903. Papers, 1826-1898 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Letters from various correspondents to Theodore Claudius Pease, 1868-1926. Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Autograph letter signed T.W. Higginson to: "Prof. Katharine Lee Bates" February 23, 1898. Wellesley College
referencedIn Recognizance of Thomas W. Higginson National Archives at Boston
referencedIn William Roscoe Thayer papers, 1762-1927 (inclusive), 1872-1921 (bulk) Houghton Library
referencedIn Wendell family papers Houghton Library
referencedIn Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 1815-1902. Papers, 1814-1946 (bulk: 1840-1902) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury papers, 1829-1915 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 1815-1902. Papers, 1814-1946 (bulk: 1840-1902) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892. John Greenleaf Whittier Papers, 1808-1940. University of Virginia. Library
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creatorOf Denton, Franklin Evert, 1859-1947. Franklin Evert Denton letter to T. W. Higginson [manuscript], 1890 Mar 5. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Howells family papers, 1850-1954 (inclusive). Houghton Library
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referencedIn Love family. Love family papers, 1872-1958 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Carruthers, George North, circa 1840-1906. George North Carruthers papers, 1863-1969. Library of Congress
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. [A collection of pamphlets on liquor laws : Pamphlet vol.] HCL Technical Services, Harvard College Library
referencedIn Fuller, Margaret, 1810-1850. Margaret Fuller papers, 1837-1884. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
creatorOf Fuller, Margaret, 1810-1850. Comprehensive collection of works by Margaret Fuller : with reminiscences (8 leaves, holograph) by Sarah Freeman Clarke, close personal friend and traveling companion of Fuller. University of Wisconsin - Madison, General Library System
referencedIn Additional papers, ca. 1870-1922. Houghton Library
referencedIn Reproductions of the Emily Dickinson daguerreotype, ca. 1897 and 1978. Houghton Library
referencedIn Palfrey family papers, 1713-1915 Houghton Library
referencedIn Autograph File, U, 1689-1943. Houghton Library
referencedIn The Henry Gilbert Papers, 1821-1980 (inclusive) Irving S. Gilmore Music Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Women & Men. Women & Men in Conference : autograph manuscript signed with initials of pages one and nine of this article, [n.d.]. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891. Papers of James Russell Lowell [manuscript], 1834-1891. University of Virginia. Library
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referencedIn Autograph File, B, ca.1500-1982 Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letters, 1868-1906. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Thomas Wentworth Higginson papers, 1856-1911. Houghton Library
creatorOf Thayer, Abbott Handerson, 1849-1921. Abbott H. Thayer letter to My dear Col. Higginson, 1907 Oct. 12. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn Harvard University. Autograph File, G. 1641-2009. Houghton Library
referencedIn Frederic Alcott Pratt papers on Louisa May Alcott's literary estate, 1877-1908. Houghton Library
referencedIn Saturday Morning Club (Boston, Mass.). Records, 1871-1983 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Letters from various correspondents, 1869-1942. Houghton Library
creatorOf Alcott, Louisa May, 1832-1888. Letter : [Concord, Mass.] to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, [1879] Aug. 4. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Letters and journals, 1824-1910. Houghton Library
referencedIn Autograph File, C Houghton Library
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creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. ALS : Cambridge, Mass., to C[harles] Aldrich, 1885 Feb. 2. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
referencedIn Bowles, Samuel, 1826-1878. Samuel Bowles papers, 1852-1893 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Blackwell family. Papers, 1784-1944 (bulk: 1832-1939) Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIh, 1892-1896 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer, 1804-1894. Elizabeth Palmer Peabody collection of papers, 1822-[1957] bulk (1832-1838). New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn James Russell Lowell additional papers, 1736-1951. Houghton Library
referencedIn Eggleston, Edward, 1837-1902. Papers of Edward Eggleston [manuscript], 1867-1900. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Todd, Mabel Loomis, 1856-1932. Mabel Loomis Todd papers, 1863-1948 (inclusive) Yale University Library
creatorOf Longfellow, Samuel, 1819-1892. Letter to Thomas Wentworth Higginson, n.d. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Jackson, Helen Hunt, 1830-1885. Helen Hunt Jackson Papers. Part 2. Colorado College, Tutt Library
referencedIn Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin), 1894-1962. Additional papers, 1870-1969. Houghton Library
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creatorOf Denham, Edward, 1849-1925. Papers, 1876-1888. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Moore, Eva Gertrude,. Letters from Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Edward Channing, 1884-1928. Houghton Library
referencedIn Saturday Morning Club (Boston, Mass.). Records, 1871-1983 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Letter : Dublin, N.H., to Elbert Hubbard, 1899 Aug. 24. University of Chicago Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Waiting for the bugle, 1895. University of Michigan
referencedIn Jackson, Helen Hunt, 1830-1885. Papers of Helen Hunt Jackson [manuscript], 1865-1884. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Miscellaneous manuscripts collection, [ca. 1200-1891] New York State Historical Documents Inventory
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Botanical notebooks of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1841-1894 (inclusive). Harvard University, Botany Libraries
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Note, 1884 June 16, Cambridge, Mass., to Dr. Hugo Erichsen, Detroit. University of Michigan
referencedIn Thomas Bird Mosher papers, 1890-1939 (inclusive) 1895-1924 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910. Papers of Julia Ward Howe, 1858-1908. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Papers of Thomas Hill, 1794-1930. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Intercollegiate Socialist Society. Records, 1904-1921. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Markland family. Markland family : papers, 1778-1905. The Filson Historical Society
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Thomas Wentworth Higginson papers [microform], 1855-1860, 1907 (bulk 1855-1860). Kansas State Historical Society
referencedIn Barry, Eugene, b. 1843. Eugene Barry papers, 1848-1928. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Dennett, Mary Ware, 1872-1947. Papers: Series III, 1909-1942 (inclusive) [microform]. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Channing family. Papers, 1685-1915. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn Autograph File, T, 1580-1975. Houghton Library
referencedIn James Bradley Thayer papers Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138
creatorOf Gilder, Richard Watson, 1844-1909. Letters to Thomas Wentworth Higginson [manuscript], 1871-1905. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Papers, 1853-1911. Gadsden Public Library
referencedIn Oswald Garrison Villard papers Houghton Library
creatorOf Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911. Thomas W. Higginson papers [manuscript], 1864-1901. University of Virginia. Library
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Relation Name
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associatedWith Adams, Charles Francis, 1835-1915. person
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correspondedWith Aldrich, Charles, 1828-1908 person
associatedWith Aldrich, Lilian (Woodman) d. 1927 person
associatedWith Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 1836-1907, person
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associatedWith Alger, Abby L. (Abby Langdon), 1850- person
associatedWith Allen, Willis Boyd, 1855- person
associatedWith ALMA LUTZ, 1890-1973 person
associatedWith Amberley, Katharine Louisa (Stanley) Russell, viscountess, 1842-1874 person
associatedWith American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. corporateBody
associatedWith American Academy of Arts and Sciences. person
memberOf American Antiquarian Society corporateBody
associatedWith American Philosophical Society. corporateBody
correspondedWith Ames, Charles Gordon. person
associatedWith Anna Higginson Middlesworth person
associatedWith Anne Appleton Storrow person
correspondedWith Anthony Burns person
associatedWith Appleton, Nathan, 1843-1906, person
associatedWith Arnold, Edwin, Sir, 1832-1904. person
associatedWith Arnold, Fannie Marie Adelaide (Channing) d. 1889 person
associatedWith Arnold, Matthew, 1822-1888. person
associatedWith Arnold, Sir Edwin, 1832-1904 person
associatedWith Astor, William Waldorf Astor, 1st viscount, 1848-1919 person
associatedWith Bain, Alexander, 1818-1903 person
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associatedWith Bancroft, George, 1800-1891. person
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associatedWith Barrett, Lillian, fl. 1920. person
correspondedWith Barrows family. family
associatedWith Barry, Eugene, b. 1843. person
associatedWith Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, 1813-1900 person
associatedWith Barton, Ira McLaughlin, 1839-1875. person
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associatedWith Bates, Katharine Lee, 1859-1929. person
associatedWith Beaux, Cecilia, 1855-1942. person
associatedWith Beecher, Henry Ward, 1813-1887 person
associatedWith Bellamy, Edward, 1850-1898 person
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associatedWith Benson, Eugene, 1837- person
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associatedWith Blackmore, R. D. (Richard Doddridge), 1825-1900 person
associatedWith Blackwell, Alice Stone, 1857- person
associatedWith Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown, 1825-1921 person
associatedWith Blackwell family. family
associatedWith BLACKWELL FAMILY family
associatedWith Blackwell, Henry Browne, 1825-1909 person
associatedWith Bodichon, Barbara Leigh (Smith) person
associatedWith Boruet, E. person
associatedWith Bosse, A. Weber von. person
associatedWith Boston Authors Club. corporateBody
associatedWith