Vaughan, John, 1756-1841

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John Vaughan (1756–1841, APS 1784) was a wine merchant, philanthropist, and long-time treasurer and librarian of the American Philosophical Society. A native of England, Vaughan moved to Philadelphia in 1782. He soon was one of the most respected members of Philadelphia society, largely because of his tireless support of numerous literary, scientific and benevolent causes. Over the course of his five decades of service to the American Philosophical Society, Vaughan met and corresponded with many eminent Americans and Europeans.

John Vaughan was born in London, England, in 1756. He was one of eleven children of Samuel Vaughan, a London merchant and West India planter, and Sarah Hallowell, daughter of Benjamin Hallowell, a Boston merchant and founder of Hallowell, Maine. Vaughan grew up in a liberal household. The family attended religious services by the dissenting minister and political radical Richard Price (1723-1791, APS 1785). His older brothers, Benjamin Vaughan (1751-1835, APS 1786), who became a prominent diplomat and political reformer, and William Vaughan, who eventually served as the promoter of the London docks, resided with the dissenter Joseph Priestley (1733-1804, APS 1785) during their studies at the Warrington Academy. John apparently attended Palgrave School, a popular school for boys founded by the poet and essayist Anna Letitia Barbauld (1743-1825) and her husband, the Reverend Rochemont Barbault.

In 1776, in preparation for a mercantile career, John Vaughan was sent abroad, first to Jamaica, where he spent one year, and then to France, where he arrived in 1778. While working for a merchant house in Bordeaux, Vaughan became acquainted with Benjamin Franklin and his grandson William Temple Franklin (1760-1823, APS 1786). After the conclusion of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and France, Vaughan, who, as a British subject, was faced with possible arrest or deportation, declared himself an American. However, when he was unable to receive from the American minister a certificate to that effect, he removed to Spain. In 1782 Vaughan came to the United States. He settled in Philadelphia, where he became a prosperous wine merchant.

Vaughan almost immediately dedicated much of his energy and resources to the American Philosophical Society. He became a member in 1784, treasurer in 1791, and librarian in 1803, serving in these posts until his death in 1841. In his five decades of service under the presidencies of David Rittenhouse (1732-1796, APS 1768), Thomas Jefferson, Caspar Wistar (1761-1818, APS 1787), Robert M. Patterson (1787-1854, APS 1809), William Tilghman (1756-1827, APS 1805) and Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (1760-1844, APS 1791), Vaughan kept the society’s books and accounts, oversaw its publications, and carried on its extensive correspondence. He diligently worked to expand the society’s collections through requests for private donations, exchanges of material, and appeals to European and American learned societies to donate their publications. (Vaughan eventually bequeathed his own library of 600 volumes to the society.) In 1824 he compiled a catalog for the library which he hoped would one day become a National Library . He also acquired the catalogs of other libraries so that scholars working in the Philosophical Society would know what was available elsewhere. Vaughan contributed generously to the construction of Philosophical Hall, and in 1795 he made a subscription toward the proposed western expedition of the French botanist André Michaux (1749-1802).

John Vaughan was not a scholar or scientist himself. However, he encouraged and supported the work of scholars, especially those interested in Native American linguistics and ethnohistory, like his friend Du Ponceau. He obviously enjoyed the company and friendship of “learned men,” and he worked actively to introduce scholars to each other, either through his correspondence or personally. For example, he hosted Sunday breakfasts for visitors to Philadelphia, and he was a regular at the so-called Wistar Parties, that brought together companies of scholars for more formal gatherings. After 1822 Vaughan did not just work in Philosophical Hall; he also resided there. He had already been renting for several years the cellar for the storage of his wines and liquors. He now established his home in rooms formerly occupied by the studio and gallery of the painter Thomas Sully (1783-1872, APS 1835). In 1823, Sully painted the librarian’s portrait.

Vaughan was well-known to the citizens of Philadelphia. His reputation as a generous and “good” man was due not only to his work with the Philosophical Society, but also to his untiring commitment to be patron to all deserving young men. Indeed, Jared Sparks (1789-1866, APS 1837) described him as a “recommender-general of all schoolmasters, inventors, young men just entering on their professions, and every sort of personage, whose characters are good, and who can be benefited by his aid.” In 1838 a group of admirers founded the “Vaughan Club” to honor their friend. Members were required to bring a bottle of the finest and rarest wine to their annual meetings. The meeting could not be adjourned until every bottle had been consumed.

Vaughan was particularly admired for his philanthropic activities. “Who is there here who does not know Mr. John Vaughan?,” asked the Boston Daily Courier in the fall of 1841, when Vaughan was in his late eighties. “His doctrine is good works, and his practice squares with it.” He was an active member of the First Congregational Unitarian Church, where he occasionally occupied the pulpit. He also belonged to many local learned and philanthropic societies, and he served as officer in most. He was president of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, president of the Society of Sons of St. George, a director of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, vice president of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, a trustee of the Unitarian Society, and a councilor of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Athenian Institute. Furthermore, he was secretary and treasurer of the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, a director of the Insurance Company of North America and of the Delaware Insurance Company; and an agent of the firm of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company.

In 1841 Vaughan, who never married, died in his rooms in Philosophical Hall. The beneficiaries of his bequest included his friend Jacob Snider, Jr., who had been brought up by Vaughan, as well as various learned and philanthropic societies, including the APS. His funeral was attended by numerous respected citizens and representatives of the charitable and learned institutions he had supported during his life. A printed card that was circulated among those in attendance described John Vaughan simply as a man “Who went about doing good.”

Vaughan’s fifty years of service to the Philosophical Society were overshadowed by the discovery after his death that he had mingled the Society’s funds with his own. As a result, the Philosophical Society never published a biographical memoir of its long-term librarian and treasurer.

From the guide to the John Vaughan papers, 1768 - Circa 1936, 1768 - Circa 1936, (American Philosophical Society)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
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referencedIn Thomas Jefferson, letters to and from various persons, 1791-1840, 1791-1840 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Duane Family Collection, 1764-1933 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Accademia delle scienze di Torino correspondence with Philadelphia institutions, 1824-1912, 1824-1912 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Livingston, Brockholst, 1757-1823. Letter, 1794. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Papers, 1746-1900 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Historical and Literary Committee, American Indian Vocabulary Collection, 1784-1828 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn William Temple Franklin Papers, 1775-1819 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Joseph Priestley Papers, 1771-1803 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Burns, Robert, 1759-1796. Miscellaneous manuscripts, 1775-1796. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 3 -- Letters to Franklin, 1778 April-December American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Autograph File, V, 1476-1947. Houghton Library
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIb, 1807-1825 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Kane, Thomas Leiper, 1822-1883. Papers, [ca. 1840]-1878. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Thomas Jefferson papers, 1775-1825, 1775-1825 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Robert M. (Robert Maskell) Patterson papers, 1775-1853, 1775-1853 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Joel Barlow papers, 1779-1936 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Lincoln, Benjamin, 1733-1810. Letter : Boston, to John Vaughan, Philadelphia, 1793 Feb. 7. Texas Christian University
referencedIn Wollstonecroft, Charles, 1770-1817. Letter, 1795. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn Benjamin Silliman correspondence, 1808-1859, 1808-1859 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 9 -- Letters to Franklin, 1787-1790 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Barton, Benjamin Smith, 1766-1815. Correspondence, 1786-1815. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Vaughan, Charles, 1759-1839. Letter, to John Vaughan, 1820. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
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referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Benjamin Franklin notes and memoranda, 1836-1840 Houghton Library
creatorOf Vaughan, John, 1755-1841. Papers, 1768 - ca. 1936 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826. ALS : Washington, [D.C.], to John Vaughan, [Philadelphia, Pa.], 1808 June 22. Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library
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referencedIn Du Pont de Nemours family. Papers relating to the American Philosophical Society, 1800-1894 American Philosophical Society
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referencedIn Michaux, François André, 1770-1855. Papers, 1802-1911. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Charles Willson Peale letterbooks, 1767-1827, 1767-1827 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Toulmin, Harry, 1766-1823. Letter, 1796. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn American Philosophical Society selected records Archives of American Art
referencedIn Silliman, Benjamin, 1779-1864. Correspondence, 1808-1859. American Philosophical Society Library
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referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIa, 1743-1806 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Lewis and Clark Journals, 1804-1806 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Francois André Michaux papers, 1802-1911, 1802-1911 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Scientists Collection, 1563-1973 American Philosophical Society
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referencedIn Papers of Stephen Elliot 1808-1828 Gray Herbarium Library
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referencedIn Materials for a biography, [ca. 1946-1962], of David Hosack, Circa 1946-1962 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Vaughan Club. Papers, 1838-1841. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Thomas Addis Emmet collection, 1483-1876 (bulk:1700-1800) New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIj, 1898-1988 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIc, 1826-1836 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804. Letters, 1795-1796. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn George William Featherstonhaugh papers, 1809-1840, 1809-1840 American Philosophical Society
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referencedIn Peale-Sellers family collection, 1686-1963 American Philosophical Society
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associatedWith Gilmer, Francis Walker, 1790-1826 person
associatedWith Girard, Stephen, 1750-1831 person
associatedWith Gitchell, John person
associatedWith God person
associatedWith Godon, S person
associatedWith Godon, Silvain, ca. 1774-1840 person
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associatedWith Gorham, John person
associatedWith Gould, Alicia Bache person
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associatedWith Grant, Elizabeth F. Vaughan person
associatedWith Grant, William S person
associatedWith Gray, Asa, 1810-1888 person
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associatedWith Gray, William person
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correspondedWith Greenwood, F. W. P. (Francis William Pitt), 1797-1843 person
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associatedWith Griffin, John person
associatedWith Griffin, Lucy person
correspondedWith Griffiths, Elijah, 1769-1847 person
associatedWith Grigby, J person
associatedWith Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de, 1766-1847 person
associatedWith Guild, Eliza person
associatedWith Hackney, R. V person
associatedWith Hahnemann person
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associatedWith Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909. person
associatedWith Hall, C. H person
associatedWith Hall, Newman, 1816-1902 person
associatedWith Hallowell, B person
associatedWith Hallowell, Robert person
associatedWith Hallowell, S person
associatedWith Hamer, P. M person
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correspondedWith Harris, Thaddeus Mason, 1768-1842 person
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correspondedWith Hassler, F. R. (Ferdinand Rudolph), 1770-1843 person
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correspondedWith Hawkins, John Isaac, 1772-1855 person
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associatedWith Heath, Caleb person
associatedWith Heberden, William, 1710-1801 person
associatedWith Henning ? person
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correspondedWith Hodgson, William Brown, 1800-1871 person
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associatedWith Jones, John person
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associatedWith Langdon Parker Marvin, Mrs. person
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associatedWith L., H. person
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correspondedWith Logan, George, 1753-1821 person
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correspondedWith Mansfield, Jared, 1759-1830 person
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associatedWith Mitchell, Mrs. H person
correspondedWith Mitchill, Samuel L., (Samuel Latham), 1764-1831 person
associatedWith Mme Foache and Mn L'abbe Hatry person
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associatedWith Morris, Roland S. (Roland Sletor), 1874-1945 person
correspondedWith Mower, Thomas Gardner, 1790-1853 person
associatedWith Mr. Ord person
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associatedWith Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind corporateBody
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associatedWith Pinckney, Mary person
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correspondedWith Richardson, Joseph, 1752-1831 person
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correspondedWith Robinson, J. D. person
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associatedWith Rockefeller, John D., (John Davison), 1874-1960 person
associatedWith Rodney, A. person
associatedWith Romilly, Samuel, Sir, 1757-1818 person
associatedWith Roper, T. W. person
associatedWith Rossier and Roulet person
associatedWith Rowe, L. S. (Leo Stanton), 1871-1946 person
associatedWith Royal Academy of History (Spain) person
associatedWith Royal Academy of Sciences (Turin, Italy) person
correspondedWith Rumker, Christian Carl Ludwig, 1788-1862. person
associatedWith Rumsey, James, 1743? -1792 person
associatedWith Rundell & Bridge, Jewellers person
correspondedWith Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 person
associatedWith Rush, Richard person
associatedWith Rush, Samuel, 1795-1859. person
associatedWith Russell, M person
associatedWith Russell, William, 1740-1818 person
associatedWith Rutledge, John, 1739-1800 person
associatedWith Ryan, William person
associatedWith Sacken, C. person
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associatedWith Samuels, John R. person
associatedWith Samuel Vaughan and son person
associatedWith Samuel Vaughan and Son corporateBody
associatedWith Sargent, John T. person
associatedWith Savage, Sarah person
associatedWith Saving Fund Society of Germantown and its Vicinity person
correspondedWith Say, Thomas, 1787-1834 person
associatedWith Schmidt, J. W. person
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associatedWith Scoiete francaise de statistique universelle. corporateBody
associatedWith Sedgwick, Catharine Maria, 1789-1867 person
associatedWith Ségur, Louis-Philippe, comte de, 1753-1830 person
associatedWith Selectmen of Milton, Massachusetts. corporateBody
associatedWith Sergeant, John, 1779-1852 person
associatedWith Seurd, William Cappinger person
associatedWith Seybert, Adam, 1773-1825 person
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associatedWith Shields, I. person
associatedWith Shipley, Anna Maria person
associatedWith Shirley, Henry person
associatedWith Short, Charles Wilkins, 1794-1863. person
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associatedWith Short, William, 1759-1849 person
associatedWith Sigoumey and sons person
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correspondedWith Silliman, Benjamin, 1779-1864. person
associatedWith Sill, Joseph person
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associatedWith Skipwith, Fulwar, 1765-1839 person
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associatedWith Smirnove, James person
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associatedWith Smith, James Edward, Sir, 1759-1828 person
associatedWith Smith, John J., jr. person
associatedWith Smith, Thomas P. (Thomas Peters), 1777 or 8-1802. person
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correspondedWith Spalding, Lyman, 1775-1821 person
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associatedWith Spooner, Charles person
associatedWith Sprague, p person
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associatedWith Stevenson, A. person
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correspondedWith Swift, J. G. person
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associatedWith Taillasson, ? person
associatedWith Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de, family
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correspondedWith Tefft, I. K. (Israel Keech), 1794-1862 person
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associatedWith Thomas Lewis and Son person
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associatedWith Ticknor, Elisha person
associatedWith Ticknor, George, 1791-1871 person
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associatedWith Toulmin, Harry, 1766-1823. person
associatedWith Toulmin, J person
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associatedWith Turner, J. E. person
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associatedWith Turner, William person
associatedWith Twisleton, Edward person
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associatedWith U. S. Military Philosophical Society corporateBody
associatedWith U. S. Treasury Department person
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associatedWith Vaughan, Barbara person
sibling of Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. person
sibling of Vaughan, Charles, 1759-1839. person
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associatedWith Vaughan, J. S person
associatedWith Vaughan, Lucy person
relativeOf Vaughan, Martha Agry person
auntOrUncleOf Vaughan, Petty, 1788-1854 person
childOf Vaughan, Samuel, 1720-1802 person
sibling of Vaughan, Samuel, Jr., 1762-1827 person
auntOrUncleOf Vaughan, Sarah, 1784-1847 person
childOf Vaughan, Sarah Hallowell person
sibling-in-law of Vaughan, Sarah Manning person
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auntOrUncleOf Vaughan, William Oliver, 1783-1826 person
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correspondedWith Vaux, James, 1748-1842. person
associatedWith Vìdua, Carlo, 1785-1830. person
associatedWith Viscount Evelyn person
associatedWith Voltaire, 1694-1778 person
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correspondedWith Walker, Sears Cook, 1805-1853 person
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associatedWith Walsh, Robert, Jr. person
associatedWith Warden, David Bailie, 1772-1845 person
associatedWith Warder & Brothers. corporateBody
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associatedWith Ware, Henry, 1794-1843 person
associatedWith Ware, John person
associatedWith Ware, Nathaniel A., ca. 1790-1854 person
associatedWith Ware, W. person
associatedWith Warren, J person
associatedWith Warren, John Collins, 1778-1856 person
associatedWith Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915 person
associatedWith Washington, Bushrod, 1762-1829 person
associatedWith Washington, George, 1732-1799. person
associatedWith Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846. person
associatedWith Waterton, Charles, 1782-1865 person
associatedWith Watson, William, Sir, 1715-1787 person
associatedWith Wayne, Anthony person
associatedWith Webb, Daniel person
associatedWith Webber, Joseph person
associatedWith Webb, Samuel person
associatedWith Webb, Thomas H. (Thomas Hopkins), 1801-1866 person
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associatedWith Wells, William person
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associatedWith Wester, Daniel, 1782-1852 person
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associatedWith Willett, Marinus person
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correspondedWith Williams, Jonathan, 1750-1815. person
correspondedWith Williams, William, 1787-1850 person
correspondedWith Wilson, Bird, 1777-1859 person
associatedWith Wilson, Job person
associatedWith Wingate, J. F person
associatedWith Winthrop, Robert Charles person
associatedWith Wise, P person
associatedWith Wistar, Annis Lee person
correspondedWith Wistar, Caspar, 1761-1818 person
associatedWith W. J. B person
associatedWith Wollstonecroft, Charles, 1770-1817. person
associatedWith Woodley, F person
associatedWith Woodley, John person
associatedWith Woodley, William person
associatedWith Wood, Reverend person
associatedWith Worcester, J. E. person
associatedWith Wragg, John. person
associatedWith Wren, Thomas person
associatedWith Yeaton, Phineas person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Philadelphia PA US
Subject
Religion
United States
Agriculture
American Revolution
Animal Magnetism
Architecture
Astronomy
Beyond Early America
Bowdoin College
Breeding
Colonial Politics
Diplomacy
Diplomatic History
Disease
Dueling
Early National Politics
Electricity
Genealogy
Hallowell (Me.)
Land and Speculation
Learned institutions and societies
Manufactures
Medicine
Mesmerism
Meteorology
Natural history
Notes
Philadelphia History
Planetariums
Plantations
Punctuation
Science
Science and technology
Silk industry
Slaves, slavery, slave trade
Taxation
Unitarianism
Occupation
Activity

Person

Birth 1756-01-15

Death 1841-12-30

Male

Americans,

English

Spanish; Castilian,

French,

English

Information

Permalink: http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w658231k

Ark ID: w658231k

SNAC ID: 84916849