Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835

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Benjamin Vaughan lived through all the vicissitudes of an enlightened life during the age of revolution. Born in Jamaica to Samuel Vaughan, a merchant and planter, and Sarah Hallowell, a native Bostonian, Vaughan was raised in London and educated at Cambridge and Lincoln's Inn. At university, he fell in with the coterie of Joseph Priestley, Benjamin Franklin, Jeremy Bentham, and William Petty, the Earl of Shelburne, and imbibed many of their unorthodox, perhaps radical political, social, and religious views. Whether a product of his own colonial origins or his contact with Franklin, Priestley, and Price, Vaughan took a particularly keen interest in American affairs, advocating reconciliation throughout the Revolutionary conflict. In 1783, as a result of his connections to then-Prime Minister Shelburne and his association with Franklin (having seen to the English publication of the first volume of Franklin's political writings), Vaughan was dispatched to Paris to mollify Franklin and the American negotiators and assure them of good English intentions. Although he was barred as a dissenter from any official role in the negotiations, Vaughan played an important unofficial role in quickening the closure of the treaty and the formalization and recognition of American independence.

As Vaughan's political and diplomatic star was rising, his improbable pursuit of the hand of Sarah Manning, the daughter of an ardent Tory, led him to study medicine in Edinburgh to establish his name as a reputable suitor. Although he never completed his studies, he did marry Sarah in 1781, joining her father's mercantile business shortly thereafter, and he maintained an active interest in medical affairs for much of the remainder of his life. He remained loyal to Shelburne after Shelburne's departure from the ministry in 1784, and was elected to represent Calne in Parliament in 1793. However in the backlash against republicanism, Vaughan's political views and his sympathy for the French Revolution conspired to make him obnoxious to the majority of the government, if not the people, and when war with France erupted in February, 1793, he began to feel the heat. As a result, when called before the Privy Council in May, 1794, he decided that flight was the better part of valor and took off for America, where his popularity was undiminished, by way of France. Ironically, as a foreign national arriving in Paris during the most radical phase of the Revolution, he was immediately arrested and imprisoned. Released in July, Vaughan remained in Switzerland and France for over three years before receiving a passport to join his wife and children in the United States.

Settling on family lands in the nether reaches of Hallowell, Maine, Vaughan worked his land, speculated (like many of his contemporaries) in real estate, and maintained an active correspondence with his wide circle of intellectual acquaintances, including his brother John long-time Librarian of the American Philosophical Society. In this remote outpost, he amassed one of the largest private libraries in New England, almost 12,000 volumes, and continued to take part in political discussions with American officials at the highest level, though he never again held elective office. A committed Federalist and a proponent of harmonious relations between England and America, he was a vocal critic of the War of 1812 and his social and political philosophy led him consistently to oppose American westward and southward expansion. Vaughan died in 1835.

From the guide to the Benjamin Vaughan Papers, 1746-1900, (American Philosophical Society)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 6 -- Letters to Franklin, 1781-1782 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826. Letter, 1789 June 21, Paris, [France], to [Dugald] Stewart, n.p. William & Mary Libraries
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 8 -- Letters to Franklin, 1783 December-1786 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Selected papers relating to Benjamin Franklin, ca. 1819-1863 American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan compilation of bills of mortality for Hallowell, Maine, 1807-1834. Maine Historical Society Library
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan correspondence to Dr. Benjamin Page, Jr., 1801-1818. Maine Historical Society Library
creatorOf Sir Joseph Banks papers, 1766-1820 (bulk), 1766-1820 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan medical remedies, ca. 1805. Maine Historical Society Library
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives, 1743-1984 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Stetson, Sarah P., Mrs. Samuel Vaughan Papers, 1947-1955. William & Mary Libraries
referencedIn Letters of scientists, 1655-1973. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Papers, 1746-1900 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIb, 1807-1825 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Letter, 1835 September 30, Hallowell [Me.], to D. Webster [n.p.]. Dartmouth College Library
creatorOf Sullivan, William, 1774-1839. Miscellaneous papers, 1795-1839. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan notes and remarks, 1824. Library of Congress
referencedIn Castle-Bache Collection, 1683-1922 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Letters to the Earl of Shelburne, 1782-1783. Massachusetts Historical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Letter, 1807, Oct. 3 : Stroudwater [Maine], to Judge Bowen, Portland. Duke University, Medical Center Library & Archives
referencedIn Franklin-Bache Papers, 1707-1799 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Parker Cleaveland papers, [ca. 1806]-1844, Circa 1806-1844 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 4 -- Letters to Franklin, 1779 January-November American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Vaughan, Samuel. Samuel Vaughan diary, 1787-1796. Library of Congress
creatorOf Stevens, John Austin, 1795-1874. Papers, 1811-1885. Churchill County Museum
creatorOf Vaughan, Samuel, b. 1762. Samuel Vaughan student notebooks, circa 1775-1782. University of Pennsylvania Library
creatorOf Jared Sparks selected papers, 1819-1863 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Monroe, James, 1758-1831. Personal letters : of James Monroe, 1800-1831, n.d. James Monroe Museum & Memorial Library
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIa, 1743-1806 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 14 -- Materials held at the University of Pennsylvania, 1705-1788 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Priestley, Joseph, 1733-1804. Correspondence and memoirs, 1696-1803. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Vaughan, John, 1755-1841. Papers, 1768 - ca. 1936 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Selected papers relating to Benjamin Franklin, ca. 1819-1863 American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Vaughan family. Vaughan family papers, 1768-1950. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn Royal Society (Great Britain) letters and communications from Americans, 1662-1900, 1662-1900 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Vol. CXLVIII (ff. 332). Jan.-June, 1764.includes:f. 1 British America: Abstract of bill for encouraging the trade of: 1763 (?). f. 1 England; Parliament: Abstract of bill for encouraging the trade of the American colonies: 1763. ff. 4-174 b passim... British Library
referencedIn Cleaveland, Parker, 1780-1858. Correspondence sent to Parker Cleaveland, 1818-1839. Maine Historical Society Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 1 -- Letters to Franklin, 1730-1776 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 9 -- Letters to Franklin, 1787-1790 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Various. Sea Monster Manuscript, 1818, n.d. Peabody Essex Museum
creatorOf [Benjamin Vaughan, biographical materials] University of Wisconsin - Madison, General Library System
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. ALS and enclosure : Hallowell, Me., to James Monroe, 1825 Nov. 19. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Royal Society (Great Britain). Letters and communications from Americans, 1662-1900. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 3 -- Letters to Franklin, 1778 April-December American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 2 -- Letters to Franklin, 1777 January-1778 March American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891. Additional papers, 1767-1898. Houghton Library
creatorOf Boylston family. Boylston family papers, 1688-1979. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Library. Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection. 1668-1983. American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Autograph File, V, 1476-1947. Houghton Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 5 -- Letters to Franklin, 1779 December-1780 December American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan autograph letter signed to Dr. Benjamin Page, 1800. Maine Historical Society Library
referencedIn William Temple Franklin Papers, 1775-1819 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Houghton Library printed book provenance file, R-Z and unidentified Houghton Library
referencedIn Voyage en Angleterre, 1785 April 3-May 27, 1785 April 3 - 1785 May 27 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Proposal for a Maine state seal, ca. 1819. Maine Historical Society Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 7 -- Letters to Franklin, 1783 January-November American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan autograph letter signed, 1810. Maine Historical Society Library
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Benjamin Vaughan miscellaneous correspondence, 1800-1809. Maine Historical Society Library
referencedIn Palfrey family papers, 1713-1915 Houghton Library
creatorOf Benjamin and William Oliver Vaughan papers 1774-1830 1774-1803, 1816 Vaughan, Benjamin William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 13 -- Miscellaneous Franklin Materials, 1640-1791 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. ALS : Hallowell, Me., to James Monroe, 1816 Apr. 18. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Jared Sparks collection of American manuscripts, 1582-1843 Houghton Library
creatorOf Gilmer, Francis Walker, 1790-1826. Correspondence of Francis Walker Gilmer [manuscript], 1784-1826. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of Shelburne papers 1665-1885 Shelburne, William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of, papers William L. Clements Library
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associatedWith Wheelwright, Joseph person
associatedWith White, John person
associatedWith Whitover, Benjamin person
associatedWith Whitwell, Lucy C person
associatedWith Wilde, S. S person
associatedWith Willett, Marinus person
associatedWith William C. Lord and Co person
associatedWith William L. Clements Library. corporateBody
associatedWith Williams, Jonathan. person
associatedWith Wingate, J. F person
associatedWith Wise, P person
associatedWith W. J. B person
associatedWith Woodley, F person
associatedWith Woodley, John person
associatedWith Woodley, William person
associatedWith Wood, Reverend person
associatedWith Wren, Thomas person
associatedWith Yeaton, Phineas person
Place Name Admin Code Country
United States
United States
United States
Cumberland, England
Somerset, England
Virginia, U.S.A.
New York, N. America
Grenada, the W. Indies
Maine--Hallowell
Cornwall, England
Maine--Hallowell
Scotland, United Kingdom
England--London
Pitcairn Island
Worcestershire, England
Herefordshire, England
Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Cockermouth, Cumberland
Maine--Hallowell
Naturalists - England
Great Britain
Gloucestershire, England
Maine--Hallowell
Hallowell (Me.)
Canada
Devonshire, England
Maine--Hallowell
Bristol, Gloucestershire
Maine--Hallowell
Monmouthshire, England
United States
Brazil
United States
Oceania
British America, America
Nova Scotia, North America
Subject
Religion
United States
Agriculture
Almanacs, American
American Revolution
Animal Magnetism
Architecture
Astronomers
Astronomical observatories
Astronomy
Beyond Early America
Botany
Bowdoin College
Breeding
Colonial Politics
Death
Diplomacy
Diplomatic History
Disease
Dueling
Early National Politics
Electricity
Fur trade
Genealogy
Geology
Hallowell (Me.)
Horticulture
Land and Speculation
Loans
Lumber trade
Manufactures
Marine biology
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Merchants
Merchants
Mesmerism
Meteorology
Minerals
Mortality
Notes
Peace treaties
Physicians
Plantations
Punctuation
Science and technology
Silk industry
Slaves, slavery, slave trade
Taxation
Unitarianism
Voyages and travels
Occupation
Agriculturists
Astronomers
Diplomats
Lawyers
Merchants
Physicians
Physicians
Activity

Person

Birth 1751-04-19

Death 1835-12-08

Information

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Ark ID: w61h1b7z

SNAC ID: 84918015