Luce, Clare Boothe, 1903-1987

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Clare Boothe Luce (née Ann Clare Boothe; March 10, 1903 – October 9, 1987) was an American author, politician, U.S. Ambassador and public conservative figure. A versatile author, she is best known for her 1936 hit play The Women, which had an all-female cast. Her writings extended from drama and screen scenarios to fiction, journalism and war reportage. She was the wife of Henry Luce, publisher of Time, Life, Fortune, and Sports Illustrated.

Born in New York City, parts of Boothe's childhood were spent in Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, Chicago, Illinois, and Union City, New Jersey as well as New York City. She attended the cathedral schools in Garden City and Tarrytown, New York, graduating first in her class in 1919 at 16. She wed George Tuttle Brokaw, millionaire heir to a New York clothing fortune, on August 10, 1923. According to Boothe, Brokaw was a hopeless alcoholic, and the marriage ended in divorce in 1929.

A writer with considerable powers of invention and wit, Boothe published Stuffed Shirts, a promising volume of short stories, in 1931. After the failure of her initial stage effort, the marital melodrama Abide With Me (1935), she rapidly followed up with a satirical comedy, The Women. Deploying a cast of no fewer than 40 actresses who discussed men in often scorching language, it became a Broadway smash in 1936 and, three years later, a successful Hollywood movie. On November 23, 1935, she married Henry Luce, thereafter calling herself Clare Boothe Luce.

A noted war journalist in the early days of World War II, in 1942, Luce won a Republican seat in the United States House of Representatives representing Fairfield County, Connecticut, the 4th Congressional District. In her youth, she briefly aligned herself with the liberalism of President Franklin Roosevelt as a protégé of Bernard Baruch; by the time of her election to the House, she had become an outspoken critic of Roosevelt. Although she was a strong supporter of the Anglo-American alliance in World War II, she remained outspokenly critical of British colonialism in India. Re-elected in 1944, Luce was instrumental in the creation of the Atomic Energy Commission in her second term and co-authored the Luce–Celler Act of 1946, which permitted Indians and Filipinos permission to immigrate to the US, introducing a quota of 100 immigrants from each country, and allowed them ultimately to become naturalized citizens. In January 1946 she declined to run for re-election and retired in January 1947.

Luce returned to politics during the 1952 presidential election and she campaigned on behalf of Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower, giving more than 100 speeches on his behalf. Her anti-Communist speeches on the stump, radio, and television were effective in persuading a large number of traditionally Democratic-voting Catholics to switch parties and vote Eisenhower. For her contributions Luce was rewarded with an appointment as Ambassador to Italy, a post that oversaw 1150 employees, 8 consulates, and 9 information centers. She was confirmed by the Senate in March 1953, the first American woman ever to hold such an important diplomatic post. She served until 1957, eventually arranging a conference that settled the disposition of Trieste, a city on the Adriatic Sea, claimed by both Italy and Yugoslavia.

In 1959, Luce was confirmed overwhelmingly to become the U.S. Ambassador to Brazil but, following a bitter public exchange with Oregon Senator Wayne Morse that undermined her standing, she resigned her ambassadorship after just three days. The Luces then settled in Honolulu, Hawaii, where Clare remained after Henry’s death in 1967. In 1983 she accepted a post on President Ronald Reagan’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom as “a persistent and effective advocate of freedom, both at home and abroad.” After a long battle with cancer, Clare Boothe Luce died on October 9, 1987, in Washington, DC.

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referencedIn Papers of Doris Stevens, 1884-1983 (inclusive), 1920-1960 (bulk) Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Shaw Festival Collection (University of Guelph). The Women / by Clare Boothe Luce ; directed by Duncan McIntosh, 1987 - performance file. University of Guelph. McLaughlin Library
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referencedIn Luce, Clare Booth : [miscellaneous ephemeral material]. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas J. Watson Library
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referencedIn Papers, 1821-1961 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Oral History Collection. 1962 - 1998. Oral History Transcripts. 1962 - 1998. Oral History Interviews with Charles L. Bolte Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
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referencedIn Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Oral History Collection. 1962 - 1998. Oral History Transcripts. 1962 - 1998. Oral History Interviews with Clare Boothe Luce Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
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referencedIn General Records of the Department of the Navy. 1941 - 2004. Moving Images Relating to Military Activities. 1947 - 1980. PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL PARADE National Archives at College Park
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creatorOf Luce, Clare Boothe, 1903-1987. The Clare Boothe Luce theatre collection Catholic University of America
referencedIn Chamberlain and Lyman Brown papers, 1849-1961 The New York Public Library. Billy Rose Theatre Division.
referencedIn Papers, 1899-1999 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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creatorOf Hayward, Lillie. Clare Boothe's Margin for error : screen play / by Lillie Hayward. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
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creatorOf Shaw Festival Collection (University of Guelph). The Women / by Clare Boothe Luce ; directed by Duncan McIntosh ; technical drawings by Michael Levine, 1987. University of Guelph. McLaughlin Library
referencedIn Paramount Pictures, Inc., Collection. 1951 - 1951. Motion Picture Newsreel Films. 10/1941 - 3/1957. PARAMOUNT NEWS [APR. 28] National Archives at College Park
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creatorOf Kendall, Messmore, 1872-1959,. Playscript collection, 1925-1948. Ohio State University Libraries
creatorOf Luce, Clare Boothe, 1903-1987. Papers, 1862-1988 (bulk 1930-1987). Library of Congress
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creatorOf Clare Boothe Luce Papers, 1862-1988, (bulk 1930-1987) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Records of the Office of War Information. 1926 - 1951. Motion Picture Films from "United News" Newsreels. 1942 - 1945. FRENCH HONOR AMERICAN HEROES [ETC.] National Archives at College Park
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referencedIn Eleanor M. Tilton Papers, 1770-1991 Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Vorys, John Martin, 1896-1968. Papers 1921-1968. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Visual materials from the papers of Clare Boothe Luce., ca. 1860-1981, bulk 1935-1966 Library of Congress. Prints and Photographs Division
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associatedWith Childs, Marquis William, 1903- person
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correspondedWith Davenport, Russell W. (Russell Wheeler), 1899-1954 person
associatedWith Dodd, Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph), 1907-1971 person
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correspondedWith Forceville, Clarita de person
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correspondedWith Kittleman, Marjorie Wolf person
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associatedWith Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 1906-2001. person
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associatedWith Matthews, J. B. (Joseph Brown), 1894-1966 person
associatedWith Mielziner, Jo, 1901-1976 person
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associatedWith Vernon, Mabel. person
associatedWith Vidal, Gore, 1925- person
correspondedWith Villard, Oswald Garrison, 1872-1949 person
employeeOf Vogue (magazine) corporateBody
associatedWith Vorys, John Martin, 1896-1968. person
correspondedWith Waldeck, R. G. (Rosie Goldschmidt), 1898-1982 person
correspondedWith Waldo, George C. (George Curtis), 1888-1956 person
associatedWith White, Harriet Lancashire, person
associatedWith Williams, Charl Ormond, 1885-1969. person
associatedWith Williams, Tennessee, 1911-1983 person
associatedWith Willkie, Wendell L. (Wendell Lewis), 1892-1944. person
associatedWith Wilma Scott Heide, 1921-1985 person
correspondedWith Wisdom, William B., 1900-1977 person
correspondedWith Wolf, Herman. person
correspondedWith Woollcott, Alexander, 1887-1943 person
correspondedWith Wrigley, Helen person
associatedWith Younger, J. Arthur (Jesse Arthur), 1893-1967. person
correspondedWith Zanuck, Darryl Francis, 1902-1979 person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Garden City (N.Y.) NY US
District of Columbia DC US
Memphis TN US
Honolulu HI US
Rome 07 IT
Greenwich CT US
Tarrytown NY US
Nashville TN US
Berkeley County SC US
New York City NY US
Chicago IL US
Subject
Theater
Religion
Ambassadors
American drama
Arts
Authors
Christmas cards
Communism
Conversion
Diplomacy
Diplomatic and consular service, American
Diplomatic and consular service, American
Intelligence service
Intelligence service
Internal security
Internal security
International relations
Journalists
Military readiness
National security
National security
Periodical editors
Periodicals
Playwriting
Presidents
Presidents
Presidents
Women
Women
Women in public life
Women in public life
World War, 1939-1945
Occupation
War correspondents
Catholic converts
Collector
Diplomats
Dramatists
Journalists
Representatives, U.S. Congress
Women ambassadors
Women dramatists, American
Women journalists
Women legislators
Women periodical editors
Activity

Person

Birth 1903-03-10

Death 1987-10-09

Female

Americans

English,

Portuguese

Information

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Ark ID: w6t54jdh

SNAC ID: 85431957