Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977

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American poet Robert Traill Spence Lowell IV was born in Boston on March 1, 1917, to Robert Traill Spence Lowell III and Charlotte Winslow Lowell, a relation of writers James Russell Lowell and Amy Lowell. In addition to being the descendant of poets, Lowell encountered and was taught by numerous prominent poets during his classicist education. Lowell attended St. Mark's School (1930-1935), where he was influenced by Richard Eberhart, and Harvard University (1935-1937). In 1937, Boston psychiatrist and poet Merrill Moore sent young Lowell to meet Ford Madox Ford, who was visiting Allen Tate in Tennessee at the time. It was there that Tate introduced Lowell to John Crowe Ransom, and Lowell subsequently transferred to Kenyon College (1937-1940) where Ransom had accepted a new post. It was at Kenyon that Lowell made the acquaintance of lifelong friends Randall Jarrell and Peter Taylor. Lowell also came under the tutelage of Robert Penn Warren and Cleanth Brooks when he undertook further study at Louisiana State University (1940-1941).

After college, Lowell worked as an editor and as a teacher at several institutions, including the State University of Iowa, the Kenyon School of Letters, Boston University, Harvard University, the University of Essex, and Kent University, among others. During his career, he taught such poets as W. D. Snodgrass, Anne Sexton, and Sylvia Plath.

His first volume of poetry, Land of Unlikeness, was published in 1944 and was followed in 1946 by his Pulitzer Prize winning effort Lord Weary's Castle. Lowell also won the National Book Award for his 1959 work Life Studies, and again received the Pulitzer for The Dolphin, published in 1973. His final work, Day By Day, was published in 1977 and was awarded the National Book Award Critics Circle Award. His other major works include: Poems 1938-1949 (1950), The Mills of the Kavanaughs (1951), For the Union Dead (1964), Near the Ocean (1967), Notebook 1967-1968 (1969), For Lizzie and Harriet (1973), and History (1973).

Lowell also wrote and translated plays ( Phaedra and Figaro, 1961; The Old Glory, 1965; Prometheus Bound, 1969; The Oresteia of Aeschylus, 1978), and published translations of poetry by Eugenio Montale ( Poesie di Montale, 1960), Baudelaire ( The Voyage and Other Versions of Poems by Baudelaire, 1968), and others ( Imitations, 1961).

His work especially during the 1960s and 1970s stressed his preoccupations with political and social issues, such as protest of the Vietnam War and support of presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy. During this same period, Lowell's early formal style gave way to a controversial personal or confessional style of poetry under the influence of such poets as John Berryman, William Carlos Williams, and Ezra Pound.

Lowell was married to Jean Stafford (1940, divorced 1948), to Elizabeth Hardwick (1949, divorced 1972), and to Caroline Blackwood (1972), and had two children, Harriet Winslow Lowell (born 1957) and Robert Sheridan Lowell (born 1971). He lived primarily in England after 1970 and died September 12, 1977, while on a visit to New York City.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Notebook of a year, 1967-1968 : galley proofs, [1969] Houghton Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Letter : to "Jim" : T.L.S., 1966 June 25. University of Rhode Island Library, Kingston, University Library
creatorOf Racine, Jean, 1639-1699. Racine's Phaedre : translated by Robert Lowell, 1960. HCL Technical Services, Harvard College Library
creatorOf Dickey, James, 1923-. Papers, 1940-1990 (inclusive), 1968-1990 (bulk). Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn Taylor, Peter, 1917-1994. Letters to Robie Macauley [manuscript], 1946-1948. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Records. Series VII., Other Department Files, 1916-1996 (bulk 1943-1969). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Autograph File, L, 1641-1976. Houghton Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Autograph letters signed (11) : to Anne Dick, 1930s. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Orbach, Harold L. Papers, 1948-1965, bulk 1962-1965. University of Michigan
referencedIn Pantheon Press. Pantheon Press records. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Axelrod, Steven Gould, 1944-. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1978-1985. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Richard Volney Chase Papers, ca.1930-1984. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn George Grosz papers, 1893-1981 (inclusive) 1919-1959 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Willard Maas papers, Maas (Willard) Papers, 1931-1967 John Hay Library, Special Collections
referencedIn Eric Frederick Goldman Papers, 1886-1988, (bulk 1940-1970) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Stanley Burnshaw Papers TXRC93-A78., 1927-1987, (bulk 1945-1987) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Near the ocean. New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Endecott and the red cross, / by Robert Lowell, 1968. New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Letters to Norman William Johnson, 1937-1962. HCL Technical Services, Harvard College Library
referencedIn Lieberman, Laurence. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1972-1998. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Vera Zorina papers Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
creatorOf Robert Lowell Papers TXRC94-A10., ca. 1845-1988, (bulk 1970-1977) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn John Hollander Papers, circa 1950-2007 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Records and papers, 1965-1980. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn [Elegy, Robert Lowell] 1977 October 1. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn Hannah Arendt Papers 1898-1977 (bulk 1948-1977) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Witter Bynner papers, 1829-1965. Houghton Library
referencedIn Fanny Howe Papers Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Sexton, Anne, 1928-1974. Bruce Berlind Collection, 1950-1981. Colgate University, Everett Needham Case Library
referencedIn Ransom, John Crowe, 1888-1974. Letter to Mrs. F.E. Lund [manuscript], 1968 February 12. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Pinsky, Robert. Robert Pinsky papers, circa 1960-2008. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Meredith, William, 1919-2007. William Meredith papers, 1947-1979. Library of Congress
creatorOf Hardwick, Elizabeth. Papers, 1934-1991 (bulk 1960-1990). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Kenneth Burke collection of papers, 1922-1983, 1922-1973 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
creatorOf Jarrell, Randall, 1914-1965. Randall Jarrell collection of papers, 1914-1969 bulk (1927-1967). New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Mary Katharine Woodworth papers, 1787-1989 Bryn Mawr College
referencedIn William Empson papers Houghton Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Post card, 1947 Oct. 24, Washington, D.C., to John Arthos, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan
referencedIn Elizabeth Bishop Papers Vassar College
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Letters to Frank Bidart, 1970-1976. Houghton Library
creatorOf Woodyard, D. F. (Douglas F.). Papers, 1965-1967. Ohio State University Libraries
referencedIn Meredith, William, 1919-2007. William Meredith papers relating to Robert Lowell, 1949-1969. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
creatorOf Maas, Willard, 1911-1971. Papers, 1931-1967. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
creatorOf Antonow, Joseph P., 1915-,. Collection of poetry manuscripts, 1956-1963 (inclusive), 1960-1963 (bulk). Indiana Newspaper Project
creatorOf Orbach, Harold L. Harold L. Orbach papers, 1948-1965, bulk 1962-1965. University of Michigan
referencedIn WUOM records, 1914-1982, 1940s-1960s Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Robert Fitzgerald papers, 1892-1986 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Robert Lowell letters to Frank Bidart, 1970-1976. Houghton Library
referencedIn Chase, Richard Volney, 1914-1962. Richard Volney Chase papers, ca.1930-1984. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Lincoln Kirstein papers, ca. 1914-1991 The New York Public Library. Jerome Robbins Dance Division.
referencedIn Harry Levin papers Houghton Library
referencedIn Chakravarty, Amiya Chandra. Amiya Chakravarty collection, 1915-1978. Boston University. School of Medicine
referencedIn Gordon, Caroline, 1895-1981. Caroline Gordon - Allen Tate correspondence, 1938-1970. The University of Tulsa, McFarlin Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Typed letter signed [LAC?] to: Doris December 3, 1959. Wellesley College
referencedIn Jacques Barzun Papers, ca.1900-1999. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Cummington Press. Cummington Press records and Harry Duncan papers, 1933-1998. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Office files : of The American Poetry Review, 1977. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Woodberry Poetry Room (Harvard College Library) collection of photographs of poets, 1959-1994 and undated. Houghton Library
creatorOf Hochman, Sandra. Galley proof of "Voyage home" [manuscript], 1960. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Robert Lowell collection of papers, 1943-1977. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Léonie Adams and William Troy papers, 1902-1980 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Molesworth, Charles. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1975-1981. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Hochman, Sandra, 1936-. Voyage home [manuscript] 1960. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Mathews, Jackson, 1907-1978. Jackson Mathews papers, 1927-1975 (bulk 1945-1974). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn Gunn, Thom. Typed letter signed : San Francisco, to Lee Smith, 1988 June 21. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Meacham, Harry M. (Harry Monroe), 1901-1975. Harry M. Meacham papers [manuscript] , 1900-75. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Alfred, William, 1922-1999,. Robert Lowell papers, 1964-1978 and undated. Houghton Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Letters to Paul Engle. Boston, MA. 1947. University of Iowa Libraries
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Autograph letter signed Robert Lowell to: Miss Curran. Wellesley College
creatorOf Sexton, Anne, 1928-1974. Anne Sexton Papers, 1912-1996, (bulk 1953-1974). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Lavigne, Robert. Robert Lavigne papers, 1954-1969. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Sitwell, Edith, 1887-1964. Autograph letter signed : Renishaw Hall [near Sheffield], to Jane Clark, 1949 Aug. 10. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Berryman, John, 1914-1972. John Berryman papers, 1908-1972. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
creatorOf Shelley, Philip Allison, 1907-. Philip Allison Shelley correspondence related to the Simmons Series, 1947-1959. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
creatorOf Faulkner, William, 1897-1962. Papers regarding Faulkner's work as Chairman of the Writers Committee of President Eisenhower's People-to People Program [manuscript], 1956-1969. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Records. : Series I., General Correspondence, 1922-1977 (bulk 1946-1966). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Papers, 1952-2004 (inclusive), 1970-2004 (bulk). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Stafford, Jean, 1915-1979. Letters, 1938-1948. Dartmouth College Library
creatorOf Guillén, Jorge, 1893-1984. Jorge Guillén archives, 1951-1964 (bulk 1963-1964). Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn Starr, Cecile, collector. Cecile Starr collection on Amy Clampitt, Robert Lowell, Carrie Starr, and others, 1947-1984 Houghton Library
creatorOf Warren, Austin, 1899-1986. Papers, 1922-1986. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Postcard, [1964 Apr. 2], New York, to Claude Simpson, Columbus, Ohio. Ohio State University Libraries
creatorOf Beerbohm, Max, Sir, 1872-1956. Sheed and Ward family papers, 1832-1982. University of Notre Dame, Hesburgh Library
referencedIn Rich, Adrienne Cecile. Papers: Series I-II, 1933-1999 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Marcella Comès (Winslow) papers Archives of American Art
creatorOf Hoover, Katherine. Auspex : voice (mezzo), flute, clarinet, violin, piano / [music by] Katherine Hoover ; poem by Robert Lowell. New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Clytemnestra, part two : Agamemnon, typescript, 1992. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Edelstein, J. M. (Jerome Melvin), 1924-1996. J.M. Edelstein collection. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn John Berryman Papers, 1908-1972 University of Minnesota Libraries. Literary Manuscripts Collection, Manuscripts Division. [mss]
referencedIn New Directions Publishing records Houghton Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Letter, 1965, to Lewis Mumford. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Cleanth Brooks papers., 1927-1986 (inclusive), 1960-1986 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Fanny Howe Papers Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Kirstein, Lincoln, 1907-1996. Papers, ca. 1914-1991. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc. records, 1899-2003, 1945-1989 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn O'Donnell, George Marion, 1914-1962. Papers, 1932-1961. Washington University in St. Louis, .
creatorOf Lowenfels, Walter, 1897-1976. Papers, 1966-1967. Washington University in St. Louis, .
referencedIn American Place Theatre Company records, 1953-2010, bulk 1963-2002 The New York Public Library. Billy Rose Theatre Division.
referencedIn Goldman, Eric Frederick, 1915-1989. Papers, 1886-1988 (bulk 1940-1970). Library of Congress
creatorOf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Records. Series V., Editor Files, 1873-1984 (bulk 1960-1980). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn William James Jr. papers, 1857-1960 (inclusive), 1911-1959 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Robert Lowell collection of papers, 1943-1977 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Day by day / Robert Lowell. New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Bogan, Louise, 1897-1970. Papers, 1930-1990 (inclusive), 1930-1970 (bulk). Amherst College
referencedIn Random House (Firm). Random House Records, 1925-1999. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc. records, 1899-2003 (bulk 1945-1989). New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Robert Penn Warren papers, 1906-1989 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Robert Lowell papers, 1861-1976 (inclusive) 1935-1970 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Arthos, John, 1908-. Correspondence, with American writers, 1947-1952. University of Michigan
referencedIn Paul L. Mariani papers Boston College. John J. Burns Library
creatorOf Robert Lowell papers, 1861-1976 (inclusive) 1935-1970 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Allen Ginsberg papers Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Roy Harvey Pearce Papers, 1945 - 1995 Mandeville Special Collections Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Autograph postcard signed Robert Lowell to: Miss [Mary Doyle] Curran October 24, 1947. Wellesley College
referencedIn Elbert, Sarah. Sarah Elbert papers, 1968-1976. Cornell University Library
creatorOf Swift, Richard, 1927-. Domains I : baritone, flute, clarinet in B♭, trombone, vibraphone and 'cello, op. 29 (January-February, 1963) / Richard Swift. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Correspondence to Van Wyck Brooks, 1947. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn Anne Sexton Papers 122492286., 1912-1996, (bulk 1953-1974) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Brown, George Mackay. Letter, 1978 September 23, to Kenneth Cramer. Dartmouth College Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Collection of Robert Lowell ephemera. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Mazzaro, Jerome. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1972-1978. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Letters to Shōzō Tokunaga, 1963-1974. HCL Technical Services, Harvard College Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Reminiscences of Robert Traill Spence Lowell, Jr. : lecture, 1965. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Berryman, John, 1914-1972. Papers, 1908-1972. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
creatorOf Lowell, Robert. The kid from left field. The whiz kid / by Robert Lowell, III. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
referencedIn McClatchy, J. D. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1970-1981. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Antonow, Joseph P., 1915-. Collection of poetry, 1956-1963. Indiana University
referencedIn Alfred, William, 1922-1999. William Alfred letter, 1957. University of North Carolina at Greensboro, University Libraries, UNCG University Libraries
referencedIn Randall Jarrell collection of papers, 1914-1969, 1927-1967 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
referencedIn Williamson, Alan. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1973-1998. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Burnshaw, Stanley, 1906-2005. Papers, 1927-1987, (bulk 1945-1987). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Elizabeth Hardwick Papers TXRC93-A46., 1934-1991 Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Adams, Léonie, 1899-1988. Léonie Adams and William Troy papers, 1902-1980. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Pearce, Roy Harvey. Roy Harvey Pearce papers, 1945-1995. University of California, San Diego, UC San Diego Library; UCSD Library
creatorOf Lowell, Robert, 1917-1977. Autograph letter signed Robert Lowell to: Miss Curran. Wellesley College
referencedIn Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 1906-2001. Anne Morrow Lindbergh papers, 1906-1997 (inclusive). Yale University Library
Role Title Holding Repository
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Place Name Admin Code Country
Subject
American literature
American poetry
Poets, American
Poets, American
Poetry
Poets
Occupation
Poets
Translator
Activity

Person

Birth 1917-03-01

Death 1977-09-12

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w6h52g16

SNAC ID: 84639132