Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792

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Henry Laurens (March 6, 1724 [O.S. February 24, 1723] – December 8, 1792) was an American Founding Father, merchant, slave trader, and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, Laurens succeeded John Hancock as president of the Continental Congress. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation.

Born in Charleston, South Carolina, he recieved his early education there before being sent to London, England to augment his business training in 1744. After his father's death three years later, Laurens inherited his estate. Laurens served in the militia, as did most able-bodied men in his time. He rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the campaigns against the Cherokee Indians from 1757 to 1761, during the French and Indian War. In 1757, he was elected to the colonial assembly. Laurens was elected again every year but one until the Revolution replaced the assembly with a state convention as an interim government.

As the American Revolution neared, Laurens was at first inclined to support reconciliation with the British Crown. But as conditions deteriorated, he came to fully support the American position. When Carolina began to create a revolutionary government, Laurens was elected to the Provincial Congress, which first met on January 9, 1775. He was president of the Committee of Safety and presiding officer of that congress from June until March 1776. When South Carolina installed a fully independent government, he served as the vice president of South Carolina from March 1776 to June 27, 1777. Laurens was first named a delegate to the Continental Congress on January 10, 1777. He served in the Congress until 1780. He was the president of the Continental Congress from November 1, 1777, to December 9, 1778.

In the fall of 1779, the Congress named Laurens their minister to the Netherlands. In early 1780, he took up that post and successfully negotiated Dutch support for the war. But on his return voyage to Amsterdam that fall, the British frigate Vestal intercepted his ship, the continental packet Mercury, off the banks of Newfoundland. The British charged Laurens with treason, transported him to England, and imprisoned him in the Tower of London (he is the only American to have been held prisoner in the tower). At the end of 1781, he was released in exchange for General Lord Cornwallis and completed his voyage to Amsterdam. In 1783, Laurens was sent to Paris as one of the peace commissioners for the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Paris. While he was not a signatory of the primary treaty, he was instrumental in reaching the secondary accords that resolved issues related to the Netherlands and Spain.

Laurens generally retired from public life in 1784. He was sought for a return to the Continental Congress, the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and the state assembly, but he declined all of these positions. He did serve in the state convention of 1788, where he voted to ratify the United States Constitution. Laurens died on December 8, 1792, at his estate, Mepkin, in South Carolina. In his will he stated he wished to be cremated and his ashes be interred at his estate.

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creatorOf Middleton, Arthur, 1742-1787. DS, 1775 June 18 : Provincial Congress, South Carolina. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
referencedIn Oswald, Richard, 1705-1784. Memoranda of Richard Oswald, 1779-1781. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Vaughan, John, 1755-1841. Papers, 1768 - ca. 1936 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Papers of Henry Laurens, 1747-1882. Library of Congress
referencedIn Stewart, Charles, 1729-1800. Family papers, 1768-1877 Houghton Library
referencedIn Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, Papers, 1776-1934 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Austin & Laurens. Account book, 1750 April-1758 December. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834. Marquis de Lafayette letters, 1777-1781. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Henry A. Willard II Collection, 1743-1888, (bulk 1770-1840) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph signature to statement : York Town, 1778 Feb. 20. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Henry Laurens letter to Alexander Penman, 1791 May 4. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library
creatorOf Henry and John Laurens papers, 1773-1790 Center for Brooklyn History (2020-)
referencedIn William Livingston papers, 1749-1782 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Berol, Alfred C.,. American Revolutionary letters and documents, 1650-1830, [microform]. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : Charleston, S. C., to an unidentified recipient, 1762 Sept. 1. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Boswell's Life of Johnson : including Boswell's Journal of a tour to the Hebrides and Johnson's Diary of a journey into North Wales, edited by George Birkbeck Hill, extra-illustrated, 1464-1897 (inclusive), 1724-1874 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 13 -- Miscellaneous Franklin Materials, 1640-1791 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Paine, Thomas, 1737-1809. Richard Gimbel Collection of Thomas Paine Papers, 1692-1921. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Editorial records of "The Papers of Henry Laurens," 1743-2004 University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Klos, Stanley L. Forgotten Founders collection, 2008-2009. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. ALS : Charleston, S.C., to John Houston, 1779 Dec. 16. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Richard Henry Lee Papers, 1763-1823 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Correspondence, 1775. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Weare, Meshech, 1713-1786. Papers, 1776-1785. Library of Congress
referencedIn Laurens, James, 1728-1784. James Laurens correspondence, 1772-1784. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Washington, George, 1732-1799. ALS : White Plains, N.Y., to Henry Laurens, 1778 Sept. 12. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Scudder, Nathaniel, 1733-1781. Letter, 1780 March 6. American Periodical Series I
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Henry Laurens papers, 1747-1860. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Charles Willson Peale letterbooks, 1767-1827, 1767-1827 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Thomas Addis Emmet collection, 1483-1876 (bulk:1700-1800) New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Public papers of Henry Laurens [manuscript], 1777-1780. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Caesar Rodney correspondence, 1749-1823. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Young, Moses. Moses Young's account of himself : since the time he was separated from Colonel Laurens at Newfoundland, 17th Sept. 1780, Amsterdam, 1782 May 31. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Davie, Preston, b. 1881. Preston Davie collection, 1560-1903. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf South Carolina. Council of Safety. Commission, 1775 Oct. 13, of Mathew Singleton. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Young, Moses. Letter : Charleston, [S.C.], to Henry Laurens, Jr., Mepkin [Plantation], 1786 Nov. 16. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Carter, Betty Lewis, 1765-1830. Washington family papers [manucript], 1773-1915. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Rutledge, John, 1739-1800. Letter : to South Carolina delegates, 1779 March 17. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Vaughan, Benjamin, 1751-1835. Papers, 1746-1900 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Roberdeau, Daniel, 1727-1795. Papers, 1767-1791. Library of Congress
referencedIn Jay, John, 1745-1829. Letter to Hugh Henry Brackenridge, 5 August 1779. Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138
creatorOf Piercy, William, 1744-1819. William Piercy letter book, 1773-1783. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Deane, Silas, 1737-1789. Papers, 1740-1842. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Gervais, John Lewis, 1742-1798. John Lewis Gervais papers, 1772-1796. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
creatorOf Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 1746-1825. ALS : Charleston, S.C., to Henry Laurens, 1776 Jan. 16. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Alexander, William, 1726-1783. William Alexander papers, 1776-1826. Library of Congress
referencedIn Whitaker, William Asbury, 1883-1960. William Asbury Whitaker papers, 1596-1957 [manuscript]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Washington, George, 1732-1799. Autograph letters signed (4) : Valley Forge and [White Plains], to Henry Laurens, President of the Continental Congress, 1778 Jan. 31, Apr. 30, May 29, and Aug. 20. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Boudinot, Elias, 1740-1821. Elias Boudinot papers, 1773-1812. Library of Congress
referencedIn Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827. Letterbooks, 1767-1827. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Papers, 1747-1882. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn W. B. O. Field portrait collection, ca. 1600-1900. Houghton Library
creatorOf Henry Laurens papers, 1769-1792 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Papers, 1777-1792. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Anglo-Dutch War collection : journal, 1780-1783. Library of Congress
referencedIn Charles Thomson Papers, 1765-1888, (bulk 1765-1818) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Rodney, Caesar, 1728-1784. Correspondence, 1749-1823 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers, 1726-1907, (bulk 1770-1789) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Oswald, Richard, 1705-1784. Papers of Richard Oswald [manuscript], 1779-1781. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Force transcripts, 1742-1789. Georgia Historical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. DS, 1777 January 8, In Congress, to Captain Andrew Irvine. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Collection of documents concerning the American Revolution, 1740-1866 Houghton Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : Philadelphia, to the right hon. the Earl of Stirling, 1778 Nov. 29. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Gwathmey collection, 1708-1852 University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Henry Laurens papers, 1762-1780. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Library. Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection. 1668-1983. American Philosophical Society
referencedIn United States. Continental Congress. Resolution and testimony : Philadelphia, 1779 Aug. 31. Rosenbach Museum & Library
creatorOf Lynch, Thomas, 1749-1779. Autograph letter signed "Thomas Lynch Capt. in the 4th Company, 1st Regmt" : to Lt. Col. Huger, 1775 Sept. 7. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Chisolm, Margaret Horry Laurens, 1846-1906. Letter : Birmingham, Ala., to Sabina E. Wells, Charleston, S.C., 1901 Dec. 3. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : Charleston, South Carolina, to the Rev. Doctor Price, 1785 Feb. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Signature to a contemporary copy of the Articles of confederation, 1781 Mar. 1 / by the Continental Congress. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIa, 1743-1806 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Henry Laurens account book, 1766-1773. College of Charleston, Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library
creatorOf Henry Laurens papers, 1769-1792. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Vol. iv. (ff. 453). Jan.-July, 1778.British America, and United States: Proceedings of the Commissioners sent out to treat with: 1778.British America, and United States: Papers, etc., relating to the war and public affairs: 1776-1781.includes:ff. 3, ... British Library
referencedIn Manigault, Peter, 1731-1773. Peter Manigault papers, 1749-1773. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Jared Sparks collection of American manuscripts, 1582-1843 Houghton Library
referencedIn Paine, Thomas, 1737-1809. Autograph letter signed : Philadelphia, to Col. Laurens, 1781 Oct. 4. Princeton University Library
referencedIn South Carolina. General Assembly. Committee of Correspondence. Committee of Correspondence papers, 1765-1779. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : to Gov. Caswell, 1778 Mar. 14. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Whipple, William, 1730-1785. AM, 1778 December 9 : [s.l.]. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
referencedIn Thomson, Charles, 1729-1824. Papers, 1774-1811. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn Berol, Alfred C.,. Alfred C. Berol papers, 1650-1830. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Heath, William, 1737-1814. Papers of William Heath, 1774-1872 (bulk 1774-1814). Library of Congress
referencedIn Paine, Thomas, 1737-1809. Letter, 1779 Jan. 17. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 8 -- Letters to Franklin, 1783 December-1786 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Huntingdon, Selina Hastings, Countess of, 1707-1791. Autograph letter in third person : Bath, to Mr. Laurens, [1784] Jan. 17. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Edward Blake letters to William Drayton and Henry Laurens, 1775-1776 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Miscellaneous Benjamin Franklin Collections, 1710-1822 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Lee, Arthur, 1740-1792. ALS, 1780 Dec. 7, to Elias Boudinot. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn John Laurens papers. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Henry Laurens papers, 1747-1860. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Alexander, William, 1726-1783. Selected papers, 1767-1782. 1776-1782 (bulk). New-York Historical Society Library
referencedIn South Carolina Provincial Congress articles of association, 1775 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Collection of John Lewis Gervais papers, 1772-1801. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Henry Clinton papers, 1736-1850 William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Logan, Deborah Norris, 1761-1839. Diaries, 1815-1839. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn WIS (Radio station : Columbia, S.C.). Palmetto Landmarks [transcripts], 1947-1949. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
creatorOf Livingston, William, 1723-1790. William Livingston papers, 1749-1782. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Palfrey family papers, 1713-1915 Houghton Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Public papers, 1777-1780. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Marsh, Joseph, 1726-1811. New Hampshire Grants. Dartmouth College Library
referencedIn Taylor, C. James, 1945-. [A long journey home: the Revolutionary war papers of Henry Laurens : typescript ; 2001 Oct. 16 / Dr. C. James Taylor. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Colonel Richard Gimbel Collection of Thomas Paine Papers, 1692 - Circa 1921 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Sullivan, John, 1740-1795. Papers of John Sullivan, 1775-1781. Library of Congress
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Diary, 1772-1773. New-York Historical Society
referencedIn George Washington papers, 1592-1943 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 14 -- Materials held at the University of Pennsylvania, 1705-1788 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. ALS, 1778 October 13 : Philadelphia, to [Meshech Weare]. Copley Press, J S Copley Library
referencedIn United States Continental Congress Records, 1765-1825, (bulk 1774-1790) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Drayton, John, 1766-1822. John Drayton papers, 1757-1943. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Roberdeau, Daniel, 1727-1795. Daniel Roberdeau papers, 1767-1791. Library of Congress
referencedIn Stark, John, 1728-1822. Papers, 1758-1819. New Hampshire Historical Society Library
referencedIn Hoar, George Frisbie. 1826-1904. Autograph collection, 1598-1945 Houghton Library
creatorOf Gervais, John Lewis, 1741-1798. John Lewis Gervais letters to Henry Laurens, 1779-1785. New-York Historical Society Library
creatorOf Henry Laurens papers, 1747-1882, 1747-1882 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn William Temple Franklin Papers, 1775-1819 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Vol. CLIV (ff. 345). Jan. 1778-Aug. 1779.includes:ff. 1-22 b British America: Account of what the Treasury has done in freighting provision-ships for, with lists of ships, etc.: 1775-1777. ff. 23, 114, 115, 222-224, 242, 243, 333, 335, 336 Henry St... British Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : Charlestown, South Carolina, to Capt. George Forten, 1766 Apr. 23. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Washington, George, 1732-1799. George Washington papers, 1592-1937 (bulk 1748-1799). Library of Congress
referencedIn Laurens, John, 1754-1782. Letter to Henry Laurens, 1774 Dec. 7. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Gubbins, M. C. B. Transcripts and abstracts of Moultrie family papers, 1746-1965. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Washington Irving's Life of George Washington Volume VIII, miscellany, 1776-1816 Cornell University Library
referencedIn Howe, Robert, 1732-1786. Robert Howe letters, 1778-1779. Georgia Historical Society
referencedIn Pinckney, Henry Laurens, 1821-1902. Henry Laurens Pinckney papers, 1860-1862. South Carolina Historical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : Charlestown, to Wm. Fisher, 1762 July 26. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : to Patrick Henry, 1777 Nov. 28. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Oswald, Richard, 1705-1784. Note on the appointment of peace commissioners : AMs, 1782 Apr. 27. Rosenbach Museum & Library
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Autograph letter signed : Philadelphia, to Benjamin Lincoln, 1778 Nov. 16. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron von, 1730-1794. Autograph letter signed : White Plains, to Henry Laurens, President of Congress, 1778 Sept. 1. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Henry Laurens correspondence, 1782-1783 Detroit Public Library, Detroit Main Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 6 -- Letters to Franklin, 1781-1782 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792. Letters, 1777. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
referencedIn Washburne, E. B. (Elihu Benjamin), 1816-1887. Autograph collection, 1766-1888. Houghton Library
referencedIn Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834. Marquis de Lafayette correspondence, 1777-1781. South Carolina Historical Society
referencedIn Education manuscripts, [ca. 1682-1983]. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn West, Benjamin, 1738-1820,. American commissioners of the preliminary peace negotations with Great Britain [photograph], [ca. 1845-1855]. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn Frederick M. Dearborn collection of military and political Americana, Part I: The Revolution and the Administration, 1669-1958. Houghton Library
referencedIn George Washington papers, 1592-1943 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn William B. Provine collection of evolutionary biology reprints, 20th century. Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.
creatorOf Henry Clinton papers, 1736-1850 William L. Clements Library
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Place Name Admin Code Country
Amsterdam 07 NL
Charleston SC US
London ENG GB
Charleston SC US
Subject
Publishers and publishing
Account books
Carriage and wagon making
Carriages and carts
Cherokee Indians
Chickasaw Indians
Creek Indians
Diplomats
Finance, Public
Hide and skins
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
Indians of North America
Indigo
Indigo industry
Merchants
Monetary policy
Pardon
Passports
Plantations
Prisoners
Prisoners
Retail trade
Rice trade
Saratoga Campaign, N.Y., 1777
Shipping
Slaves
Slave trade
Statesmen
Tower of London (London, England)
United States. Congress
Whites
Occupation
Ambassadors
Diplomats
Diplomats
Legislators
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Merchants
Plantation owners
Slave traders
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Birth 1724-03-06

Death 1792-12-08

Male

Americans

English

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