Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776

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Scientist, New York colonial official.

From the description of Cadwallader Colden Papers, 1677-1832 (bulk 1711-1775). (New York University). WorldCat record id: 476912237

Governor of New York (Colony) and scientist.

From the description of Cadwallader Colden family papers, 1686-1830. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79453882

Colonial New York philosopher and scientist, and political official.

From the description of Letter : New York, [N.Y.], to Peter Collinson, London, [Eng.], 1756 Apr. 23. (Newberry Library). WorldCat record id: 36646270

Loyalist, governor, and scientist from New York (colony).

From the description of Papers of Cadwallader Colden, 1738-1763. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 83271999

Scotland-born U.S. physician, botanist and politician.

From the description of Letter, 1750, Nov. 26 and 27 : Coldingham, New York, to Peter Collinson, London. (Duke University). WorldCat record id: 35006379

John Bartram was the first native American botanist and made many journeys through the southern frontier, collecting seeds and bulbs for transplanting.

From the guide to the John Bartram correspondence, 1735-1775, 1735-1775, (American Philosophical Society)

Lieutenant governor of N.Y., Loyalist, philosopher and scientist.

From the description of Farm journal, 1727-1736, Coldengham, Orange County, N.Y. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122540616

From the description of Copy book, 1737-1753. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122475174

Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the colony of New York, 1761-1776.

From the description of Warrant to survey land, 1770 May 30. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122687834

Physician Joseph Carson taught medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The College of Philadelphia's Medical School, founded in 1765, became known as the University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Medicine In 1779.

From the guide to the Joseph Carson letters, 1789-1858, 1789-1858, (American Philosophical Society)

Peter Collinson (1694–1768) was an English merchant and botanist. He was a partner in his father’s London trading business, and he remained a merchant throughout his life. However, at a young age, he also developed a passion for botany. He eventually wrote numerous essays on natural history topics for the Gentleman’s Magazine, and he contributed many reports to the Society of Antiquaries and to the Royal Society, of which he was a member. His extensive network of correspondents in Europe and North America placed Collinson at the nexus of the community of eighteenth century European and American natural scientists.

Peter Collinson was born in London, the son of the Quaker and London cloth merchant Peter Collinson and his wife Elizabeth Hall. Young Peter’s love of plants apparently stemmed from a garden owned by relatives with whom he lived as a boy and which he later inherited. However, Collinson is known less for his own original contributions to natural science than for his tireless support of the work of others. His publications and affiliation with the Royal Society brought him in contact with many eminent European naturalists and scientists of his day, including Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753), Stephen Hales (1677-1761), and J. J. Dillenius (1684-1747). He also knew the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778, APS 1769), who named horse balm ( Collinsonia canadensis ) after him. Collinson was always supportive of the work of ordinary gardeners and plantsmen, such as Philip Miller (1691-1771), the gardener of the Chelsea Physic Garden, and the nurseryman James Gordon, who helped maintain the extensive gardens of Lord Petre, Collinson’s close friend and patron of scientific endeavors.

Collinson’s numerous contacts with fellow botanists placed him at the center of a large network of mid-eighteenth century European and American naturalists. It was through his family’s extensive trade in the cloth business with North America that he got to know a number of Americans. They included Alexander Garden (1730-1791, APS 1768), Cadwallader Colden (1688-1776, APS 1768), Benjamin Franklin and John Bartram (1699-1777, APS 1768).

Collinson and Bartram were particularly close friends. In the early 1730s, Bartram wrote to Collinson soliciting the post of king’s botanist in North America. While Collinson was not able to secure the position for another three decades, the two men arranged for Bartram to send seeds and seedlings to British subscribers. This group eventually numbered more than sixty men and included some of the most prominent botanists and landscape designers in Britain. Moreover, beginning in 1733, the two men engaged in a lively exchange of ideas and specimen that lasted until Collinson’s death in 1768. Collinson communicated many of Bartram’s studies to the Royal Society, which published Bartrams observations in the Philosophical Transactions . The naturalist John Fothergill (1712-1780, APS 1770) one of Collinson’s close friends, wrote that the “eminent naturalist, John Bartram, may almost be said to have been created such by my friend’s assistance.” John Bartram’s son William acknowledged Collinson’s crucial role in his father’s career, noting that “it was principally through the interest of Collinson that he [John Bartram] became acquainted, and entered into correspondence with, many of the most celebrated literary characters in Europe, and was elected a member of the Royal Society of London, of Stockholm, etc.” Collinson, who maintained his own extensive garden, introduced several American plants into Britain, including the American alder, three species of azalea, black birch, hemlock, sugar maple, mountain laurel, and many medicinal herbs.

Collinson and Franklin also maintained a long friendship marked by an active correspondence. Their shared interests included the discovery of mastodon bones in North America and, more famously, topics related to electricity. In fact, it was Collinson who introduced Franklin’s ideas on electricity to the Royal Society; the Society not only published them but also recognized Franklin’s work with the Copley medal in 1753. Franklin admired Collinson’s qualities as a scientist and as a man. He wrote that “if we may estimate the goodness of a man by his disposition to do good, and his constant endeavors and success in doing it, I can hardly conceive that a better man has ever existed.”

Collinson’s interests in North American matters also included the promotion of crop experiments in the colonies. In addition, he was an early patron of the American Philosophical Society, though not a member, and for many years served as purchasing agent for the Library Company of Philadelphia.

In 1724 Peter Collinson married Mary Russell. They had two children.

From the guide to the Collinson-Bartram Papers, 1732-1773, 1732-1773, (American Philosophical Society)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Mitchell, John, 1711-1768. Dr. Mitchel's Letter on the yellow fever., 1748. College of Physicians of Philadelphia
referencedIn George Clinton papers 1697-1760 1745-1753 Clinton, George, papers William L. Clements Library
referencedIn A figure of the American Enlightenment :Cadwallader Colden, 1970., 1970 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Rutherfurd family. Rutherfurd family papers, 1721-1879. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Burnet, William, 1688-1729. William Burnet papers, 1720-1742 (bulk 1720-1729). New-York Historical Society Library
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Papers of Cadwallader Colden, 1738-1763. Library of Congress
creatorOf William L. Clements Library. American Science and Medicine collection, 1702-1897. William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Maass, Richard, 1919-1998,. The Richard Maass collection of Westchester and New York State, 1645-1910 (bulk 1770-1783). Churchill County Museum
creatorOf Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790. Letters to Cadwallader Colden and Rev. George Whitfield, 1744, 1753. Buffalo History Museum, Research Library
referencedIn Hugh Gaine receipt book, 1767-1799 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Annotated transcription of Cadwallader Colden's "History of the Five Indian Nations", ca. 1866 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Brockett, Frank S.,. Brockett collection, 1773-1890. Cornell University Library
referencedIn New Netherlands, oldest New York, and the colonial government, 1655-1774. New-York Historical Society
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Cadwallader Colden Papers, 1677-1832 (bulk 1711-1775). Churchill County Museum
creatorOf Collinson-Bartram Papers, 1732-1773, 1732-1773 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Bell, Whitfield J. (Whitfield Jenks). American manuscripts, 1703-1806, from the British Museum. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Stewart, Charles, 1729-1800. Family papers, 1768-1877 Houghton Library
creatorOf Amherst, Jeffery Amherst, Baron, 1717-1797. Jeffery Amherst papers, 1758-1764. William L. Clements Library
creatorOf Mitchell, John, 1711-1768. Letter from John Mitchell to Cadwallader Colden, London 1749, Mar. 25. Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Copy book, 1737-1753. Rosenbach Museum & Library
creatorOf John Bartram correspondence, 1735-1775, 1735-1775 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Letter : New York, [N.Y.], to Peter Collinson, London, [Eng.], 1756 Apr. 23. Newberry Library
referencedIn Bartram, John, 1699-1777. Correspondence, 1735-1775. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Duane, James, 1733-1797. Duanesburg patent land papers, 1734-1835. American Periodical Series I
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Warrant to survey land, 1770 May 30. American Periodical Series I
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives, 1743-1984 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Autograph document signed (tax summons), 1724 Jan. 9. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Map collection, 1724-1933. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Papers of Cadwallader Colden (1688-1776), 1747-1758 Edinburgh University Library
creatorOf Shea, John Gilmary, 1824-1892. Annotated transcription of Cadwallader Colden's "History of the Five Indian Nations", ca. 1866. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Royal Society (Great Britain) miscellaneous correspondence and documents, [ca. 1642-1818], Circa 1642-1818 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Marriage certificate, 1764. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn George Bancroft collection, 1606-1887 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn A map of the bay from Tunderoga to Crown Point / Mr. Colden. New-York Historical Society
referencedIn Royal Society (Great Britain). Miscellaneous correspondence and documents, [ca. 1642-1818]. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Papers, 1945-1988 University of Idaho Library Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn American Science and Medicine collection 1702-1897 American Science and Medicine collection William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Bradley, Richard, d. 1751. Draft of bill in chancery, [1732]. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Rutherfurd Family Papers, 1721-1879 New-York Historical Society
referencedIn Smith, John M. Jamaica New York collection, 1727-1891. New-York Historical Society
creatorOf Downshire, Wills Hill, Marquis of, 1718-1793. LS, 1770 Jan. 18, London, to Cadwallader Colden. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Coxsackie manuscripts, 1733-1917. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Linnean Society of London correspondence of American scientists, 1738-1865, 1738-1865 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Lectures of William Law of Elvingston (d. 1729), 1696-1705 Edinburgh University Library
referencedIn Alexander Papers, 1668-1818 (bulk 1717-1786) New-York Historical Society
referencedIn Great Britain. Secretary of State. A List of Offices in the North American and West Indian Colonies 1775 Great Britain. Secretary of State. A List of Offices in the North American and West Indian Colonies William L. Clements Library
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Land survey, 1735 April 22. American Periodical Series I
referencedIn Collinson, Peter, 1694-1768. Collinson-Bartram Papers, 1732-1773. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf American manuscripts, 1703-1806, from the British Museum, 1703-1806 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Brisbane, Thomas Makdougall, Sir, bart., 1773-1860. Thomas M. Brisbane papers, 1813-1815. William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Correspondence, 1732-1799. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Richard Maass Collection of Westchester and New York State, Bulk, 1645-1910, 1645-1995 (Bulk: 1645-1910) Fales Library & Special Collections
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Jared Sparks collection of American manuscripts, 1582-1843 Houghton Library
creatorOf Sackville, George Germain, Viscount, 1716-1785. George Sackville Germain papers, 1683-1785. William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Nicoll, Charles, 1722-1780. Account books, 1753-1781. New-York Historical Society Library
referencedIn Thomas M. Brisbane papers 1813-1815 Brisbane, Thomas M. papers William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Johnson, William Samuel, 1727-1819. Papers, 1753-1802. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Gage, Thomas, 1721-1787. Thomas Gage papers, 1754-1807, bulk 1759-1775. William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Bartram family. Bartram family letters, 1743-1766. (bulk 1765-1766). New-York Historical Society Library
referencedIn Ulster County Collection, 1666-1893 New-York Historical Society
referencedIn Washburne, E. B. (Elihu Benjamin), 1816-1887. Autograph collection, 1766-1888. Houghton Library
referencedIn Thomas Addis Emmet collection, 1483-1876 (bulk:1700-1800) New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Cadwallader Colden family papers, 1686-1830. Library of Congress
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Farm journal, 1727-1736, Coldengham, Orange County, N.Y. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn New Harmony Manuscripts, 1812-1871 Working Men's Institute of New Harmony, Indiana
creatorOf Gaine, Hugh, 1726-1807. Hugh Gaine receipt book, 1767-1799. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Ulster County collection, 1666-1893 (bulk 1700-1800). New-York Historical Society
referencedIn Papers, 1698-1812, 1785-1812 (bulk) New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Sparks, Jared, 1789-1866. Collection of documents concerning the American Revolution, 1740-1866 Houghton Library
creatorOf William L. Clements Library. William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of Shelburne papers, 1665-1885. William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Johnson, William, Sir, 1715-1774. Papers, 1733-1808. American Periodical Series I
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIa, 1743-1806 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. Letter, 1750, Nov. 26 and 27 : Coldingham, New York, to Peter Collinson, London. Duke University, Medical Center Library & Archives
creatorOf Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776. A Map or Chart of the Partition and Division of A Tract of Ten thousand Acres of Land lying in Ulster County upon and near the Paltz River or Creek, Granted by Letters Patent and under the Great Seal of the Province of New York the Second day of January 1719 ; unto Jeremiah Schuyler, Jacobus Van Cortlandt, Frederick Philipse, William Sharpas and Isaac Bobin and Since by Sundry Mesne Conveyances the whole become the Property of the said Jacobus Van Cortlandt, William Sharpas and of Adolph Philipse and Ballard Beckford Esqrs. / and by their direction Surveyed and laid out in the Several Lotts therein mentioned by Cadwallader Colden Esqr. Surveyor General of the Said Province According to the Courses, Chains and Boundaries in the said Letters Patent mentioned. Elmer Holmes Bobst Library
creatorOf William L. Clements Library. George Clinton papers, 1697-1760, bulk 1745-1753. William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Roy N. Lokken Papers, 1922-1983, undated East Carolina University. J.Y. Joyner Library
creatorOf Bancroft, George, 1800-1891,. George Bancroft collection, 1606-1887. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn William Smith papers, ca. 1631-1883, 1770-1780 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Portrait file: Guide. Houghton Library
referencedIn Benjamin Franklin Papers Part 1 -- Letters to Franklin, 1730-1776 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Alexander family. Alexander papers, 1668-1818 (bulk 1717-1786). Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Autograph File, C Houghton Library
creatorOf Johnson, William, Sir, 1715-1774. Sir William Johnson letters, 1755-1773. Newberry Library
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Library. Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection. 1668-1983. American Philosophical Society
creatorOf New York (State). Lieutenant Governor (1761-1775 : Colden). Letters : Fort George and New York, N.Y., to Sir William Johnson, 1763-1764. Newberry Library
referencedIn Erskine, Robert, 1735-1780. Papers, 1756-1782. New Jersey Historical Society Library
referencedIn Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809. Correspondence, 1771-1778. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library
referencedIn Hoermann, Alfred Richard. A figure of the American Enlightenment : Cadwallader Colden, 1970. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790. Papers, 1743-1786. New-York Historical Society
referencedIn Smith, William, 1728-1793. William Smith papers, ca. 1631-1883, bulk (1770-1780) New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Rolland, Siegfried B., 1918-1989. Papers, 1945-1988. University of Idaho Library
referencedIn W. B. O. Field portrait collection, ca. 1600-1900. Houghton Library
referencedIn Johnson, Samuel, 1696-1772. Samuel Johnson papers, 1710-1971, bulk 1710-1772. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Johnson, William, Sir, 1715-1774. Papers of Sir William Johnson, 1755-1774 (bulk 1763-1774). Library of Congress
creatorOf Joseph Carson letters, 1789-1858, 1789-1858 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Hempstead, Thomas. Commission to Thomas Hempsted, 1765 May 22 and undated. New London County Historical Society
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Place Name Admin Code Country
New York (State)
Pennsylvania
New York (State)
New York (State)
New York (State)
Albany County (NY)
Albany (N.Y.)
Connecticut
Ulster County (N.Y.)
New York (State)
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Philadelphia (Pa.)
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New York (State)--New York
Orange County (N.Y.)
United States
New York (State)
Subject
Agriculture
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Physicians
Physics
Plant collectors
Plants
Postal service
Real property
Science and technology
Seed industry and trade
Seed industry and trade
Shipping
Streams
Surveying
Tariff
Warrants (Law)
Occupation
American loyalists
Governors
Lieutenant governors
Masters in chancery
Merchants
Physicians
Scientists
Surveyors
Activity

Person

Birth 1688-02-07

Death 1776-09-20

Americans

English

Information

Permalink: http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6np23ff

Ark ID: w6np23ff

SNAC ID: 13190513