Putnam, F. W. (Frederic Ward), 1839-1915

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Frederic Ward Putnam (1839-1915) was one of the earliest anthropologists in the United States. He founded institutions for anthropological research at Harvard University and at the University of California, Berkeley, and worked to establish museum collections in anthropology. Putnam taught anthropology, archaeology and ethnology at Harvard University. He directed some of the first field expeditions in the Americas, including sites in Maine, Massachusetts, Ohio, Wisconsin, Kentucky, New Jersey, and California.

Putnam was born April 16, 1839 in Salem, Massachusetts to Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer Putnam III. In 1864, Putnam married Adelaide Martha Edmands; they had three children: Eben Putnam, Alice Edmands Putnam, and Ethel Appleton Fiske Lewis. On March 10, 1879, Mrs. Adelaide Putnam passed away; in 1882, Putnam remarried Esther Orne Clark. Putnam's early education consisted of home and private schooling, and it was at this time that he expressed an interest in studying nature. Putnam, along with his father, cultivated plants and later began observing the birds in the area. Later, he trained under Henry Wheatland as an intern at the Essex Institute in Salem, Massachusetts. In 1856, at the age of sixteen, he successfully published List of the Birds of Essex County. In that same year, he entered Harvard College where he studied under the tutelage of Professor Louis Agassiz at the Lawrence Scientific School, serving as his assistant from 1857-1864.

In 1875, Putnam was appointed Curator of Harvard's Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology. With Putnam at the helm, the focus of the Peabody Museum shifted from archaeology to physical anthropology and ethnology. He was responsible for a variety of museum functions which included not only administrative duties but field collecting, curation of collections, fund raising, and teaching in the Harvard College Department of Anthropology. In 1876, Putnam directed the first major construction of the Peabody Museum building that currently sits on Divinity Avenue in Cambridge. Putnam was appointed professor of anthropology in 1885 (the position was authorized in 1887). He retained that post until 1909 and was then Professor Emeritus and Honorary Director.

He also co-founded the anthropology programs at the American Museum of Natural History, Columbia University, and the University of California, Berkeley. At the age of sixty-four, he became the University of California's first Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Anthropological Museum. In 1909, Putnam retired from the University of California and was later appointed Professor Emeritus there. In 1894 he began devoting half his time to the curatorship in anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, and was influential in dispatching the productive Jesup North Pacific Expedition to northeastern Asia and northwestern North America.

Putnam was active in professional associations. In 1873, Putnam was elected to the post of permanent secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a position he held until 1898, at which time he was bestowed with the presidency of the Association. He helped establish the journals American Naturalist, Science, American Anthropologist, and founded organizations, such as Anthropology of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, the Archaeological Institute of America, and the American Anthropological Association.

Putnam was appointed the lead curator and head of the anthropology department in 1891 for the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago in 1893.

Putnam's publications number more than 400, and cover the subjects of natural history, archaeology, anthropology, and scientific administration.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Coffin, James H. (James Henry), 1806-1873. James Henry Coffin Papers, 1848-1884 Smithsonian Institution Archives
creatorOf Rust, Horatio Nelson, 1828-1906. Papers of Horatio Nelson Rust, 1799-1906 (bulk 1870-1906). Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
referencedIn Letters to Thomas Morong, 1874-1888 Botany Libraries
referencedIn Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Records, 1859-1984 (inclusive), 1859-1946 (bulk). Harvard University, Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
referencedIn Sage, Gardner A. [Map of the area later bounded by Greene Street and Broadway along Broome Street, Manhattan, New York (N.Y.)] / G.A.S. Elmer Holmes Bobst Library
referencedIn Harvard, Peabody Museum Of Archeology. Fourth Letterbook.
creatorOf Moorehead, Warren King, 1866-1939. Warren King Moorehead papers, 1875-1939 Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn William Sharswood papers, 1865-1867, 1865-1867 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Records of the U.S. Geological Survey. 1839 - 2008. Personal Letters Received National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Harvard, Peabody Museum Of Archeology. Second Letterbook.
creatorOf Putnam, F. W. (Frederic Ward), 1839-1915. Papers of Frederic Ward Putnam, 1851-1916. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Harvard University. Dept. of Anthropology. Records of the Department of Anthropology, 1890-1980 (inclusive). Harvard University Archives.
creatorOf Putnam, F.W. (Frederic Ward), (1839-1915). Collection of Negatives, 1887-1888 Peabody Museum Archives, Harvard University
referencedIn American Museum of Natural History. Dept. of Anthropology. Correspondence files, [ca. 1895]-1980. American Museum of Natural History. Department of Anthropology
creatorOf Putnam, Frederic W., 1839-1915, Peabody Museum director records, Frederic W. Putnam, (1839-1915), : A Finding Aid, 1870-1923 Peabody Museum Archives, Harvard University
referencedIn Hawthorne Family Papers, ca. 1800-1926 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Putnam, Frederic Ward, 1839-1915. Papers, 1807-1971 (bulk: 1855-1935) Peabody Museum Archives, Harvard University
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 52: Assistant Secretary, Incoming Correspondenc.
referencedIn Hawthorne family. Hawthorne family papers, 1825-1929. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Lawrence, George Newbold, 1806-1895. Papers, ca. 1860s-1870s. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Lawrence, George N. (George Newbold) Papers, ca. 1860s-1870s, Circa 1860s-1870s American Philosophical Society
referencedIn George G. Heye autograph collection, 1886-1928 Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1863-1879 Smithsonian Institution Archives
creatorOf Harrison, Edwin, 1836-1905. Papers, 1788-1928 (inclusive), 1844-1928 (bulk). Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Cuntz, H. Otto,. Letters, 1862-1866. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Autograph File, P, 1554-2005. Houghton Library
referencedIn Agassiz Zoological Club (Harvard University). Records of the Agassiz Zoological Club, 1859-1862 and 1917-1922. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Records of the Museum, 1866-1982 (inclusive). Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Harvard, Museum Of Comparative Zoology, Library, Archives. Agassiz Letterpress Books.
creatorOf Putnam, F. W. (Frederic Ward), 1839-1915. [Collected papers on zoology and archaeology]. University of Chicago Library
referencedIn Harvard University Archives. Peale Papers.
referencedIn Harvard Anthropological Society. General information by and about the Harvard Anthropological Society, 1899-1915, undated. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Spencer F. Baird Papers (Mc 2000.11).
referencedIn Saville, Marshall H. (Marshall Howard), 1867-1935. Notes, correspondence and drawings on the Indian mounds of the Ohio Valley, 1915-1935. Cornell University Library
referencedIn Treadwell, George A. George A. Treadwell papers, 1866-1910. UC Berkeley Libraries
creatorOf Putnam, Frederic Ward, 1839-1915. Papers, 1807-1971 (bulk: 1855-1935) Peabody Museum Archives, Harvard University
creatorOf Nuttall, Zelia, 1858-1933. [Nuttall, Zelia, papers 1886-1912]. Harvard University, Tozzer Library
referencedIn Jacob Ellsworth Reighard Papers, 1887-1942, 1890-1920 Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Bingham family papers Yale University Library
creatorOf Kroeber, A. L. (Alfred Louis), 1876-1960. A.L. Kroeber papers, 1869-1972. UC Berkeley Libraries
creatorOf Culin, Stewart, 1858-1929. Culin Archival Collection Series 9: Brinton memorial 1875-1902 1899-1902 (bulk). Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
referencedIn Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Records of the Museum, 1851-1968 (inclusive). Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn E.G. Squier papers, 1809-1888 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn History of Religions Club (Harvard University). Records of the History of Religions Club, 1892-1952. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Harvard University Archives. Biographical Files.
creatorOf Saville, Marshall H. (Marshall Howard), 1867-1935. Correspondence, 1896-1903. American Museum of Natural History
referencedIn Edward Williams Morley Papers, 1833-1923, (bulk 1863-1899) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn William Wallace Denslow Botanical Manuscripts Collection MS 64., 1864-1868 Special Collections and University Archives, UMass Amherst Libraries
referencedIn Scientists Collection, 1563-1973 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Smith, Erminnie Adele Platt, 1836-1886. [Peabody Museum director records, Frederic W. Putnam (1839-1915), 1870-1923]. Harvard University, Tozzer Library
referencedIn Joseph Meredith Toner Collection of Manuscripts, 1741-1896 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Lawrence Base Ball Club. Records of the Lawrence Base Ball Club, 1858-1859, and 1910-1917. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn George G. Heye autograph collection, 1886-1928 Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.
referencedIn Century Company records New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Denslow, William Wallace, 1826-1868. William Wallace Denslow botanical manuscripts collection, 1864-1868. University of Massachusetts Amherst, W.E.B. Du Bois Library
referencedIn Hearst, George, 1820-1891. Fitch family papers, 1838-1878. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Fitch Family Papers, 1815-1969 San Diego History Center Document Collection
creatorOf Putnam, Frederick Ward, 1839-1915. Frederick Ward Putnam Papers, 1868-1915. Peabody Essex Museum
creatorOf Appleton, Nathan, 1843-1906. Letters received, ca. 1870-1883. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn William Woodville Rockhill papers Houghton Library
referencedIn Harvard University Archives Photograph Collection: Portraits, ca. 1852-ca. 2004 Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Essex Institute. Archives.
referencedIn American Naturalist Society. American Naturalist Society Papers, 1730, 1869-1879. Peabody Essex Museum
referencedIn Harvard University. Autograph File, G. 1641-2009. Houghton Library
creatorOf Kroeber, A. L. (Alfred Louis), 1876-1960. A.L. Kroeber papers, 1869-1972. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Harrison, Edwin, 1836-1905. Papers, 1788-1928. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Toner, Joseph M. (Joseph Meredith), 1825-1896. Papers of Joseph M. Toner, 1741-1896. Library of Congress
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIi, 1897 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Early records of the Museum, 1866-1942 (inclusive). Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Harvard, Peabody Museum Of Archeology. Third Letterbook.
creatorOf Howland, Henry R. (Henry Raymond), 1844-1930. Letters regarding archaeological publication of Henry R. Howland : scrapbook, 1877 Mar. 2-Dec. 25, 1879 Feb. 8. Buffalo History Museum, Research Library
creatorOf Charles Francis Adams, 1862-1943. South America Expedition Records 1904-1922. Harvard University, Tozzer Library
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. William Jones Rhees Collection.
referencedIn Bingham family papers Yale University Library
creatorOf Putnam, F. W. (Frederic Ward), 1839-1915. Evidence of preglacial man in America : lecture given by Prof. Putnam, before the history classes of Profs. Channing and Emerton, October 8, 1890. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1865-1891 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn E.G. Squier papers, 1809-1888 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Ward, Lester Frank, 1841-1913. Correspondence, 1865-1913, "Patten" to "Sargent". Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Handwriting samples of naturalists and others, ca. 1800-1970 (inclusive) Harvard University, Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
referencedIn LeConte, John L. (John Lawrence), 1825-1883. Papers, 1812-1897 American Philosophical Society
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referencedIn Putnam, Frederic Chaco Research Archive
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correspondedWith Peet, Stephen Denison person
correspondedWith Penafiel, Antonio person
correspondedWith Pendola, Agustin J. person
correspondedWith Pentlarge, Georgiana person
correspondedWith Pepper, George H. person
correspondedWith Perkins, F. S. with M. Saville person
correspondedWith Perrot, G. person
correspondedWith Phillips, John C. person
correspondedWith Pickering, Edward C. person
correspondedWith Pickering, W. H. person
correspondedWith Pindar, George N. person
correspondedWith Pine, John S. person
associatedWith Poey, Felipe (Prof.) person
correspondedWith Pollie person
correspondedWith Prentiss, Spencer B. person
correspondedWith Price, G. J. person
associatedWith Putnam, Alice Edmands, 1865-1963. person
correspondedWith Putnam, Alice Edmands daughter person
correspondedWith Putnam, Alice Lewis or Louise?, cousin person
correspondedWith Putnam, Bessie (Elizabeth D.) cousin person
correspondedWith Putnam, C. P. person
correspondedWith Putnam, D. person
correspondedWith Putnam, Ebenezer father person
correspondedWith Putnam, Ebenezer grandson person
correspondedWith Putnam, Ebenezer son person
correspondedWith Putnam, Elizabeth A. person
correspondedWith Putnam, Ethel person
correspondedWith Putnam, Frederic Ward person
correspondedWith Putnam, F. W. & Co. corporateBody
correspondedWith Putnam, George Haven person
associatedWith Putnam, Henry W. person
correspondedWith Putnam, James J. person
correspondedWith Putnam sisters person
correspondedWith Rabe, J. person
correspondedWith Rathbun, Richard person
correspondedWith Ratti, Monsigneur Achille person
associatedWith Rau, Charles person
correspondedWith Ravelo, B. person
correspondedWith Read, Charles Albert person
correspondedWith Reed, Lilian Leah person
associatedWith Reid, Peter person
associatedWith Reighard, Jacob Ellsworth, 1861-1942 person
correspondedWith Remsen, Ira person
correspondedWith Reynolds, Allen Jesse person
correspondedWith Rhees, William J. person
correspondedWith Rhodes, James Ford person
correspondedWith Richards, Newdon person
correspondedWith Richards, Robert H. person
correspondedWith Ritchie, John, Jr. person
associatedWith Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology. corporateBody
correspondedWith Robinson, John person
correspondedWith Robinson, S. W. person
correspondedWith Rockhill, William Woodville, 1854-1914 person
correspondedWith Rodriguez, F. G. person
correspondedWith Roelken, Alfred person
correspondedWith Rogers, Erma person
correspondedWith Rogers, William Barton person
correspondedWith Romero, Jospersname person
correspondedWith Roosevelt, Theodore (U. S. President) person
correspondedWith Ropes, James Hardy person
correspondedWith Rotch, A. Lawrence person
correspondedWith Rothwell, Richard P. person
correspondedWith Rowell, Joseph C. person
correspondedWith Royal Anthropological Institute person
correspondedWith Royal Anthropological Society of Australia person
correspondedWith Royal Geographic Society person
correspondedWith Russell, Walter person
associatedWith Rust, Horatio Nelson, 1828-1906. person
correspondedWith Sabine, William A. person
associatedWith Sage, Gardner A. person
correspondedWith Saint Botolph (Naturalists) Club person
correspondedWith Salisbury, Stephen person
correspondedWith Sapper, Karl person
correspondedWith Sargent, D. A. person
associatedWith Saville, Marshall H. (Marshall Howard), 1867-1935. person
correspondedWith Saville, Marshall Howard person
associatedWith Scammon, Captain person
correspondedWith Schellhas, P. person
correspondedWith Schmitt, J. J. person
associatedWith Schumacher, Paul person
correspondedWith Scott, S. M. person
correspondedWith Sedgarick, W. T. person
correspondedWith Seler, Edward person
associatedWith Seville, J. J. person
correspondedWith Sharples, S. P. person
associatedWith Sharswood, William, 1836-1905 person
correspondedWith Shearer, H. A. person
correspondedWith Sheldon, E. S. person
correspondedWith Sheldon, George person
correspondedWith Sigma Xi - California Chapter person
correspondedWith Simmons, Walter Willard person
correspondedWith Skiff, Frederick James Volney person
correspondedWith Sloane, William U. person
correspondedWith Smith, Charles Sprague with H. Osborn person
correspondedWith Smith, Harlan I. person
correspondedWith Smithsonian Institution corporateBody
correspondedWith Smithsonian Institution person
correspondedWith Sniffin, Mr. person
correspondedWith Soci d'Anthropologie de Paris person
correspondedWith Sociedad Geografica de Lima person
correspondedWith Sociedad Scientifica de Sao Paulo person
correspondedWith Societtaliana d'Antropolgia person
correspondedWith Squier, E. G. (Ephraim George), 1821-1888. person
correspondedWith Squier, Frank person
correspondedWith Squires, Amy J. person
correspondedWith Stade, Mr. person
correspondedWith Starr, Frederick person
correspondedWith State Historical Society of Wisconsin person
correspondedWith Steinen, Mr. person
correspondedWith Stetson, John B. person
correspondedWith Stevenson, J. J. person
correspondedWith Stevenson, Matilda Coxe person
correspondedWith Stevens, Roland person
correspondedWith Stokes, F. W. person
correspondedWith Stone, Whitmer person
correspondedWith Stratton, C. S. person
correspondedWith Straus, Dr. Adolph D. person
correspondedWith Strong, Crawford person
correspondedWith Swanton, John R. person
correspondedWith Taylor, Henry Osborn person
correspondedWith Taylor, Mercie L. person
correspondedWith Teague, J. person
correspondedWith ten Kate, Herman person
correspondedWith Thaw, Benjamin person
correspondedWith Thaw, Mary C. person
correspondedWith Thaw, M. L. person
correspondedWith Thayer, William R. person
correspondedWith Thomas, Cyrus person
correspondedWith Thompson, Seton H. person
correspondedWith Thordike, Townsend W. person
associatedWith Toner, Joseph Meredith (Dr.) person
associatedWith Toner, Joseph M. (Joseph Meredith), 1825-1896. person
correspondedWith Torres, Santos person
correspondedWith Tower, R. W. person
correspondedWith Tozzer, Alfred M. person
associatedWith Treadwell, George A. person
associatedWith True, N. T. person
associatedWith Tryon, George W. person
correspondedWith Turner, A. W. person
correspondedWith Turner, William person
correspondedWith Universidad Nacional del Plata - Museo person
associatedWith University of California, Berkeley. Dept. of Anthropology. corporateBody
correspondedWith University of Chicago person
correspondedWith University of Pennsylvania Dept. of Anthropology Museum person
correspondedWith Upham, Warren person
correspondedWith Van Loon, Charles C. person
correspondedWith Verrill, Addison Emory person
correspondedWith Villard, Henry person
correspondedWith Vinton, Frederic P. person
correspondedWith Volk, Ernest person
correspondedWith Voorhies, Frank L. person
correspondedWith Waddington, George person
correspondedWith Wake, C. Staniland person
correspondedWith Walcott, Charles person
correspondedWith Walcott, Henry P. person
correspondedWith Walker, Col. Adam F. person
correspondedWith Walker, T. S. person
correspondedWith Wallace, William person
associatedWith Walsingham, Lord person
correspondedWith Ward, Annette P. person
correspondedWith Ward, Charles H. person
correspondedWith Ward, J. A. person
associatedWith Ward, Lester Frank, 1841-1913. person
correspondedWith Warren, J. person
correspondedWith Warren, W. R. person
correspondedWith Washington Academy of Sciences person
correspondedWith Waters, Charles R. person
correspondedWith Waters, Henry person
correspondedWith Watson, Caroline A. person
correspondedWith Wead, Charles K. person
correspondedWith Weise, F. person
correspondedWith Welch, William H. person
correspondedWith Wendell, Barnett person
correspondedWith Western Reserve Historical Society person
correspondedWith Western Union Telegraph Company corporateBody
correspondedWith West, W. S. person
correspondedWith Wheatland, Henry W. person
associatedWith Wheeler, George Montague person
associatedWith Wheeler, Lieutenant person
correspondedWith Whipple, George M. person
correspondedWith White, James C. person
correspondedWith White, John person
correspondedWith Whittendale, K. person
correspondedWith Wild, C. person
correspondedWith Wilder, Burt G. person
correspondedWith Will, George F. person
correspondedWith Willoughby, Charles C. person
correspondedWith Wilson, Jasper Grant person
correspondedWith Winchell, N. H. person
correspondedWith Winser, John person
correspondedWith Winter, E. W. person
correspondedWith Wissler, Clark person
associatedWith Woodward, Joseph Janvier person
correspondedWith Woodward, Mr. person
correspondedWith Woodworth, William McMichael person
associatedWith World's Columbian Exposition (1893 : Chicago, Ill.) corporateBody
correspondedWith Wright, G. Frederick person
correspondedWith Wyman, Jeffries person
correspondedWith Yale University Library person
correspondedWith Yarrow, H. C. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Cambridge MA US
Chaco Canyon NM US
Salem MA US
Subject
Anthropology
Archaeology
Correspondence
Ethnology
Ethnology
Excavations (Archeology)
Smithsonian Publications
Zoology
Zoology
Occupation
Anthropologists
Archaelogists
Museum directors
Activity

Person

Birth 1839-04-16

Death 1915-08-14

Male

Americans

English

Information

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SNAC ID: 84243590