American federation of arts

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The American Federation of Arts was a non-profit education association that sponsored group and one-man shows as well as lecture tours to promote the arts in America. The correspondence with A.F.A. staff Leila Mechlin, Horace Jayne and Burton Cummings deals primarily with exhibitions of the work of Federico Castellón, Misch Kohn and Mauricio Lasansky. Also mentioned is a lecture tour on prints made by Elmer Adler.

From the description of Correspondence with Carl Zigrosser, 1929-1953. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155899484

Organized 1909; New York, N.Y.

From the description of American Federation of Arts records, 1895-1993 (bulk 1909-1969). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 220148360

United States archaeological exhibition.

From the description of Generations in clay exhibition photographs, 1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 155517209

Founded in 1909 by Elihu Root, the American Federation of Arts (AFA) exists today as a national nonprofit museum service organization striving to unite American art institutions, collectors, artists, and museums. Elihu Root, then secretary of state in the administration of Theodore Roosevelt, spoke of his idea at the first meeting of the AFA held in New York at the National Academy of Arts. He envisioned an organization that would promote American art most often seen only by the elite in the major cities of the East and upper Midwest by sending "exhibitions of original works of art on tour through the hinterlands across the United States."

The American Academy in Rome, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Art Institute of Chicago, and Metropolitan Museum of Art were influential organizing member institutions. Individual members included such notables as William Merritt Chase, Charles L. Freer, Daniel C. French, Charles L. Hutchinson, Henry Cabot Lodge, J.P. Morgan, and Henry Walters. The founding of the AFA provided the American art world with a forum for communication and participation among artists, cultural institutions, patrons of the arts, and the public.

To accomplish its mission, the AFA established volunteer committees for membership, exhibitions, and publications. During its first year, the AFA began publishing Art and Progress (later changed to Magazine of Art) and the American Art Annual (now the American Art Directory). In 1909, the AFA also organized its first traveling exhibition, Paintings by Prominent American Artists, which was shown at museums in Fort Worth, New Orleans, Minneapolis, and New Ulm, Minnesota.

By the end of the first year, the headquarters of the organization moved to Washington, D.C., to facilitate lobbying the federal government for favorable art legislation. In 1913, the AFA lobbied successfully for the removal of the tariff on foreign art entering the United States. In 1916, the Federation met with the Interstate Commerce Commission to protest prohibitively high interstate taxes on traveling art exhibitions.

Throughout the next fifteen years, the AFA continued to grow in membership and influence. By 1919, membership included 438 institutions and 2,900 individuals. The AFA's annual conventions were held in major national art centers and were attended by members, chapter delegates, and the public. At the conventions, scholars, patrons, and curators lectured on and discussed subjects of national interest, thereby fostering an exchange of ideas. The AFA also sponsored periodic regional conferences to promote institutional cooperation and to discuss mutual problems and needs. To facilitate exhibition venues west of the Mississippi River, in 1921 the AFA opened regional offices at the University of Nebraska and at Stanford University. The AFA produced and circulated slide programs and lecture series to museums and educational institutions that fostered art education. By 1929, the Federation had developed forty-six slide-lecture programs that covered American mural painting, European and American contemporary art, and textiles.

During the 1930s, the Federation expanded its services by providing schools with teaching guides, student workbooks, slides, and films about art. In 1935, the AFA began publishing Who's Who in American Art, later publishing The Official Directory of Illustrators and Advertising Artists and Films on Art reference guides. To reach an even larger audience, the AFA began collaborating with the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York to organize national circulating exhibitions to "bring the museum to the people."

One of AFA's priorities was to make American art more visible abroad. The Federation focused on encouraging the representation of American artists in foreign exhibitions, and in 1924 it lobbied successfully for additional American participation in the Venice Biennale. The AFA's focus on exhibiting American art abroad continued to expand, particularly following World War II. In 1950, recognizing that the AFA could assist in promoting American culture, the State Department awarded the AFA a grant for a German "re-orientation program" consisting of educational exhibitions shown in German museums. Additional government funding further enabled the AFA to organize American participation in exhibitions in India, Japan, Paris, Switzerland, and Rotterdam between 1950 and 1970. Later, the AFA collaborated with the United States Information Agency (USIA) to create the Overseas Museum Donor Program which permitted donations of American art to foreign institutions on a restriction-free, tax-deductible basis. During the 1950s, the AFA was a very active member of the Committee on Government and Art, a national committee with members from across the art and museum world concerned with government sponsorship of and legislation affecting art sales, commissions, and trade.

In 1952, the headquarters of the AFA returned to New York, sparking a period of innovation and expanded of programs. Throughout the 1950s, the AFA distributed films about art and co-sponsored the Films on Art Festival in Woodstock, New York. The AFA also introduced its Picture of the Month Program in 1954, renting original works of art to small American art and educational institutions. In 1956, the AFA organized the Art Collectors Club of America to provide fellowship for art collectors through meetings and activities. The club disbanded in the 1970s.

The Federation's exhibition programs continued to flourish during the 1950s and 1960s. Private and public financial support allowed the AFA to achieve many of its goals. In 1958, the Ford Foundation awarded an important grant to organize a series of traveling one-person shows and a series of monographs devoted to contemporary American artists. Milton Avery, Andrew Dasburg, José DeCreeft, Lee Gatch, Walter Quirt, Abraham Rattner, and others were among the artists who participated. Private foundation support for the AFA's Museum Donor Program provided an annual allowance that was distributed to regional museums for the pourchase of contemporary American art. Cooperative programs and joint venues also became popular during this period. For example, public support from the New York State Council on the Arts allowed the AFA to circulate exhibitions to small New York State communities, and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts provided the AFA with five exhibitions for national tours.

Throughout its history, the American Federation of Arts has concentrated on its founding principle of broadening the audience for contemporary American art. Through its numerous exhibition and film programs, the AFA has succeeded in "breaking down barriers of distance and language to broaden the knowledge and appreciation of art." Annual exhibitions such as New Talent in the USA and Art Schools USA, organized by the AFA, brought before the public the most contemporary American artists and craftspeople, genres, and artistic forms of experimentation, exposing viewers to new ways of thinking and expression. In 1965, AFA produced The Curriculum in Visual Education, a series of films created to heighten the aesthetic awareness of children.

A vital part of American art history, the AFA was one of the first organizations to develop successfully the concept of traveling art exhibitions on a national and international level. The AFA was instrumental in assisting museums with circulating important juried exhibitions of contemporary art, such as the Whitney Annual and Corcoran Biennial. The AFA also recognized the importance of the exchange of cultural ideas, and it brought exhibitions of the European masters to the American public as well as exhibitions focusing on foreign contempoorary art, photography, and architecture. Many organizations and museums have followed the AFA's precedent, and traveling national and international venues are now commonplace.

Since 1909, women have served as officers and members of the Board of Trustees. Leila Mechlin was a founding participant and served as secretary from 1909 to 1933. Juliana R. Force and Eloise Spaeth both chaired the Exhibition Committee in the late 1940s. Women and artists of diverse backgrounds and nationalities were widely represented in the AFA's exhibition programs, most notably during the 1960s. In 1960, the AFA organized, with financial support from the Ford Foundation, a major Jacob Lawrence retrospective. Additional culturally diverse exhibitions included Contemporary Jewish Ceremonial Art (1961), The Heart of India (1962), 1,000 Years of American Indian Art (1963), and Ten Negro Artists from the United States (1966).

The AFA also had an impact on patronage in the arts. AFA exhibitions of contemporary art provided collectors with knowledge of new artists and avant-garde art forms, creating a broader demand and market for this type of work. Museums and collectors began purchasing work by new or obscure American artists whom they learned about through AFA exhibitions and programs.

The historical records of the American Federation of Arts offer the researcher a unique opportunity to study the development of American art and artists in the twentieth century as well as providing insight into trends in American culture.

  • 1909: Founded in New York City. Began publishing Art and Progress (later retitled Magazine of Art) and the American Art Annual.
  • 1910: Moved headquarters to Washington, D.C.
  • 1913: Lobbied successfully for the removal of the tariff on art entering the United States.
  • 1915 - 1916 : Lobbied successfully against the Cummins Amendment and the Interstate Commerce Commission's prohibitively high interstate tax on traveling art.
  • 1920: Organized a lobbying campaign for the development of a national gallery of art at its national convention.
  • 1921: Opened two new offices at the University of Nebraska and at Stanford University.
  • 1924: Arranged American participation in the Venice Biennale exhibition.
  • 1927: Closed office at Stanford University.
  • 1929: Organized American participation in exhibitions in France and Germany.
  • 1933: Closed office at the University of Nebraska.
  • 1935: Began publishing Who's Who in American Art.
  • 1948: Published The Official Directory of Illustrators and Advertising Artists.
  • 1949: Collaborated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art to circulate exhibitions from its collections.
  • 1950: Participated in the U.S. government's German re-orientation program.
  • 1951: Joined forces with the United States Information Agency (USIA) to create the Overseas Museum Donor Program. Published the reference guide Films on Art. Co-sponsored the Films on Art Festival in Woodstock, New York, through 1957.
  • 1952: Moved headquarters to New York City.
  • 1953: Magazine of Art liquidated.
  • 1954: Introduced the Picture of the Month Program.
  • 1956: Founded the Art Collectors Club of America.
  • 1958: Received a Ford Foundation grant to finance a series of one-person shows of contemporary American artists.
  • 1960: Created the Museum Donor Program.
  • 1961: Received a grant from the New York State Council on the Arts to circulate exhibitions to small New York state communities.
  • 1963: Received a grant from the Ford Foundation for the Artists in Residence program.
  • 1964: Introduced the List Art Poster Program.
  • 1965: Produced The Curriculum in Visual Education, a series of films that attempted to heighten the aesthetic awareness of children.

From the guide to the American Federation of Arts records, 1895-1993 (bulk 1909-1969), (Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf American Federation of Arts. Correspondence with Carl Zigrosser, 1929-1953. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn D'Harnoncourt, Rene, 1901-1968. Reminiscences of Rene DH́arnoncourt : oral history, 1968. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Office of the Director. Lee H. B. Malone correspondence and miscellaneous subjects, 1949-1960. Hirsch Library Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
creatorOf Pacey, Desmond, 1917-. LeRoux Smith LeRoux : [1954-57]. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Harriet Irving Library
referencedIn Records of the Assistants to the Directors, 1913-1999 (inclusive),1927-1943 (bulk) Harvard Art Museums. Archives
referencedIn Slatkin, Charles E. (Charles Eli), 1907-1977. Letter : New York, addressed to Dear Sir, and catalog, [195-?]. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas J. Watson Library
referencedIn Papers of John Coolidge and Agnes Mongan, 1909-2006 Harvard Art Museums. Archives
creatorOf Art Association of Boulder. Art Association of Boulder, Correspondence. Boulder Public Library
referencedIn Louis Lozowick Papers, 1922-1974 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
referencedIn Finley, David E. (David Edward). Papers, 1915-1977. National Gallery of Art Library
referencedIn Hutchinson, Charles Lawrence, 1854-1924. Charles L. Hutchinson papers, 1868-1934. Newberry Library
referencedIn Sumner McKnight Crosby papers, 1937-1977 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Eloise and Otto Spaeth papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Houston Art League. Miscellaneous subjects, 1901-1937. Hirsch Library Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
referencedIn Cranbrook Foundation records Archives of American Art
creatorOf American Federation of Arts. Exhibit brochures, etc. Boulder Public Library
referencedIn Schramm, James S. Papers of James S. Schramm, 1932-1979. University of Iowa Libraries
creatorOf American Federation of Arts. Correspondence with Edward F. Fry, 1968. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn George Catlin manuscripts and drawings Archives of American Art
referencedIn Mary Hyde Eccles papers, 1853-2005, (bulk) 1939-2003. Houghton Library
creatorOf Catherine Viviano Gallery records Archives of American Art
referencedIn Forbes, Edward Waldo, 1873-1969. Papers, 1867-2005. Harvard University Art Museum
referencedIn Harold Weston Papers, 1916-1971 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
referencedIn Records of contributors to American Federation of Arts traveling exhibitions Archives of American Art
creatorOf American Federation of Arts records Archives of American Art
creatorOf Generations in clay exhibition photographs, 1980. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Solinger, David M., 1906-1996. Reminiscences of David M. Solinger: oral history, 1989. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Brooklyn Museum. Office of the Director. Edgar Craig Schenck Records, 1955-1960. Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
referencedIn Milton Caniff Collection, 1805-2007, 1910-1988 The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
referencedIn Berryman family papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Olin Dows letters Archives of American Art
referencedIn Chapman, Robert Hollister, d. 1920. Papers, 1906-1934. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Kelly Fearing papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Office of the Director. James H. Chillman, Jr. correspondence and miscellaneous subjects, 1924-1970. Hirsch Library Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
referencedIn Rouland, Orlando, 1871-1945. Papers, 1905-1939. Grolier Club
referencedIn J. B. Matthews Papers, 1862-1986 and undated David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
referencedIn Catherine Viviano Gallery records Archives of American Art
referencedIn Brooklyn Museum. Office of the Director. William Henry Fox records, 1913-33 (bulk), 1908-35 (inclusive). Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
referencedIn Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA) Archives, 1885-1990s David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
referencedIn Charles Fergus Binns papers Archives of American Art
creatorOf National Gallery of Canada. Canadian water colours and graphics today. National Gallery of Canada Library
referencedIn Papers of Arthur Pope, 1907-1979 Harvard Art Museums. Archives
referencedIn George G. Booth papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Video organization file : American Federation of Arts : miscellaneous uncataloged material. Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)
referencedIn Weiss, Edward H. (Edward Huhner), 1901-1984. Edward H. Weiss papers, 1949-1985 (bulk 1960-1985). Chicago History Museum
creatorOf Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Director's Office Records of Receptions, Events, and Lectures, 1957-1989. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, The Clark
creatorOf Cunningham, Charles Crehore, 1910-1979. Curatorial Office Records of Charles Cunningham, 1973-1977. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, The Clark
creatorOf Kubler, George, 1912-1996. Panels in the exhibition : the figure of man in ancient American art / selection and text by George Kubler ; designed by Robert Pontabry ; organized by the Inter-American Office, National Gallery of Art ; circulated by the American Federation of Arts. National Gallery of Art Library
referencedIn Anita Weschler Papers, 1902-1989, 1924-1960 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
creatorOf D'Harnoncourt, Rene, 1901-1968. Correspondence with Carl Zigrosser, 1930-1968. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Robert H. Luck papers Archives of American Art
creatorOf Weyhe Gallery. Correspondence with Wanda Gág, 1929. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn R. Buckminster Fuller Papers Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf American Federation of Arts. Art in Denver. Denver art museum
referencedIn Kreis, Bernadine. [Collection of material relating to the arts in New York City]. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Crosby, Sumner McK. (Sumner McKnight), 1909-1982. Sumner McKnight Crosby papers, 1937-1977 (inclusive). Yale University Library
creatorOf American Federation of Arts. Institutional file. Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
referencedIn Avinash Chandra collection, 1958-1993 Special Collections, Brunel University Library
referencedIn Papers of Paul J. Sachs, 1903-2005 Harvard Art Museums. Archives
creatorOf Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute. Director's Office Records, 1955-1977. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, The Clark
referencedIn Davies, Rupert, 1916-1976. Art - Miscellaneous : 1955-1958. University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Harriet Irving Library
referencedIn Papers of Edward Waldo Forbes, 1867-2005 Harvard Art Museums. Archives
referencedIn Hudson D. Walker papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn D'Harnoncourt, Rene, 1901-1968. Rene d'Harnoncourt papers, 1924-1983, 1940-1968 (bulk). Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)
referencedIn Brooklyn Museum. Office of the Director. Charles Nagel records, 1946-1955. Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
referencedIn Brooklyn Museum. Office of the Director. Philip Newell Youtz records, 1934-38 (bulk), 1928-38 (inclusive). Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
creatorOf Lasansky, Mauricio. Correspondence with Carl Zigrosser, 1941-1971, n.d. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Holger Cahill papers Archives of American Art
creatorOf Kohn, Misch, 1916-. Correspondence with Carl Zigrosser, 1941-1971, n.d. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Bach, Richard F. Richard F. Bach records, 1913-1953 (bulk 1939-1953). Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas J. Watson Library
referencedIn Tom L. Freudenheim papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Alice E. Klauber Papers, 1890-1938 San Diego History Center Document Collection
referencedIn Roy Moyer papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn R. Philip Hanes Papers, 1928-2010 David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
referencedIn Papers of Ida Pruitt, 1850s-1992 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf DESA works of modern art foreign trade co. Correspondence with Edward F. Fry, 1968-1969. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Office of the Director. Peter C. Marzio, subject files, 1982-1999. Hirsch Library Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
referencedIn George Grosz papers, 1893-1981 (inclusive) 1919-1959 (bulk). Houghton Library
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Oral history interview with Alice M. Kaplan Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with Thomas M. Messer Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with John Davis Hatch Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with Thomas M. Messer Archives of American Art
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associatedWith American Federation of Arts (D.C.) corporateBody
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associatedWith Chapman, Robert Hollister, d. 1920. person
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associatedWith Dows, Olin, 1904-1981. person
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associatedWith Finley, David E. (David Edward) person
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associatedWith Thrall, Arthur. person
associatedWith Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, 1696-1770. person
associatedWith Tiepolo, Giovanni Domenico, 1726?-1804. person
associatedWith Tobey, Mark person
associatedWith Tobey, Mark. person
associatedWith Tomlin, Bradley Walker, 1899-1953. person
associatedWith Tooker, George. person
associatedWith Treiman, Joyce. person
associatedWith Turner, J. M. W. 1775-1851. person
associatedWith Turner, J. M. W. (Joseph Mallord William), 1775-1851 person
associatedWith Tworkov, Jack. person
associatedWith Vespignani, Renzo, 1924- person
associatedWith Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. corporateBody
associatedWith Von Wicht, John, 1888-1970. person
associatedWith Von Wiegand, Charmion person
associatedWith Von Wiegand, Charmion. person
associatedWith Wald, Sylvia, 1915- person
associatedWith Walker, Hudson D. (Hudson Dean), 1907-1976. person
associatedWith Walkowitz, Abraham, 1880-1965. person
associatedWith Watkins, Franklin Chenault, 1894-1972. person
associatedWith Weber, Max, 1881-1961. person
associatedWith Weir, Julian Alden, 1852-1919. person
associatedWith Weiss, Edward H. (Edward Huhner), 1901-1984. person
associatedWith Weschler, Anita person
associatedWith Weston, Harold, 1894-1972 person
associatedWith Weyhe Gallery. corporateBody
associatedWith Whistler, James McNeill, 1834-1903. person
associatedWith Whiting, Frederic Allen, 1873-1959. person
associatedWith Whittredge, Worthington, 1820-1910. person
associatedWith Williams, Douglas. person
associatedWith Wines, James, 1932- person
associatedWith Wyeth, Andrew, 1917- person
associatedWith Xceron, Jean, 1890-1967. person
associatedWith Yunkers, Adja, 1900-1983. person
associatedWith Zao, Wou-ki, 1921- person
associatedWith Zerbe, Karl, 1903-1972. person
associatedWith Zoellner, Richard. person
associatedWith Zorach, Marguerite, 1887-1968. person
associatedWith Zorach, William, 1887-1966. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Southwest, New
Colorado--Boulder
Subject
Art, American
Anthropology
Art
Pottery
Pueblo art
Traveling exhibitions
Occupation
Activity

Corporate Body

Active 1941

Active 1983

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w6tx74pv

SNAC ID: 72785076