Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885

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Titian Ramsay Peale was a naturalist, explorer, and artist.

From the description of Sketches, 1817-1875, [n.d.]. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122624313

From the description of Correspondence, 1820-1868. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122523569

From the guide to the Titian Ramsay Peale correspondence, 1820-1868, 1820-1868, (American Philosophical Society)

Painter and naturalist.

From the description of Journal of Titian Ramsay Peale [manuscript] 1824 November-1825 April. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647938717

Titian Ramsay Peale was an artist and naturalist, and a son of Charles Willson Peale.

From the description of Charles Willson Peale, a biography, [n.d.]. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122540830

From the guide to the Charles Willson Peale, a biography, [n.d.], n.d., (American Philosophical Society)

Charles Nicoll Bancker was a merchant and financier.

From the guide to the Charles Nicoll Bancker family papers, 1733-1894, 1733-1894, (American Philosophical Society)

Naturalist and artist.

From the description of Journals of Titian Ramsay Peale, 1819-1842. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71061289

Titian Ramsay Peale, American naturalist and artist, son of Charles Wilson Peale. With the death of his father, the founder of the Peale's Museum in Philadelphia, Peale became the museum's curator. In 1838-1842, he took part in the American Scientific expedition, and in 1843 obtained a temporary position to work on the specimens and drawings he had made during the voyage. In 1849, he accepted the position of an assistant examiner in the U. S. Patent Office, where he worked primarily with innovations in photography and fine arts. He retired in 1873.

From the description of Correspondence of Titian Ramsay Peale, 1821-1876 (bulk 1830-1835 and 1849-1873). (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 122499789

Painter and naturalist, member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; examiner of the Patent Office in Washington, 1849-1872.

From the description of The butterflies of North America, diurnal Lepidoptera : whence they come, where they go, and what they do / illustrated and described by Titian R. Peale. [1873-1885] (American Museum of Natural History). WorldCat record id: 20692291

From the description of The butterflies of North America, diurnal Lepidoptera [microform] : whence they come, where they go, and what they do / illustrated and described by Titian R. Peale. [1873-1885] (American Museum of Natural History). WorldCat record id: 41120555

Titian Ramsay Peale was an artist and naturalist, and was a son of Charles Willson Peale.

From the description of Journal, 1819. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 154298207

From the guide to the Titian Ramsay Peale journal, 1819, 1819, (American Philosophical Society)

Titian R. Peale, the youngest son of Charles Willson Peale, was an American naturalist and artist.

From the description of Miscellaneous manuscripts, 1835. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155886352

Titian Ramsay Peale (1799-1885), an American naturalist and artist was chief examiner in the United States Patent Office. He also collected specimens on the United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).

Smithsonian Institution Archives Field Book Project: Person : Description : rid_739_pid_EACP736

Artist and student of natural history. Peale sailed as naturalist on board the Peacock, one of two vessels of the United States Exploring Expedition.

From the description of [Journal extracts] [manuscript]. [1839-1840] (Libraries Australia). WorldCat record id: 225789376

The youngest son of Charles Willson Peale was born in Philosophical Hall in November 1799 and given the name Titian Ramsay Peale, after a brother who had died in the yellow fever epidemic of 1798. Educated primarily at home, the young Titian Peale took advantage of his family connections to meet some of America's most prominent naturalists and to attend Caspar Wistar's lectures in anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania. A precocious boy, he was apprenticed out at 13 to learn machine manufacturing, but soon returned to take part in the family business, the Philadelphia Museum, learning how to preserve natural historical specimens and take part in management of the museum.

Having inherited his father's artistic, as well as scientific inclinations, Titian Peale began to contribute as an scientific illustrator while still in his teens. His first professional work of note, the six colored plates for the prospectus to Thomas Say's American Entomology (Philadelphia : Mitchell & Ames, 1817), won him a measure of acclaim and election to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. More importantly, it opened the door to further work in natural history. In December of that year, he joined Say, George Ord, and William Maclure on an expedition to the coastal regions of Georgia and Florida, and in 1819, his father helped arrange a spot for him as assistant naturalist on Stephen Harriman Long's expedition to the Rocky Mountains, a particularly productive venture. With Say, George Jessup, and Edwin James, among others, the Long party traveled up the Missouri River in the steamboat Western Engineer, before heading up west along the Platte to the front range of the Rockies. They are credited with being the first scientific surveyors of the region.

Upon returning to Philadelphia in 1821, Peale resumed work at the Philadelphia Museum, completing his field drawings and preparing the specimens collected on the expedition. His artistic output rapidly expanded. Peale executed several drawings of new American birds for Charles Lucien Bonaparte's supplement to Alexander Wilson's American Ornithology (Philadelphia, 1825-1833), and was hired by Say to prepare 54 colored plates for a three-volume American Entomology (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum, 1824-1828). He exhibited four watercolors at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1822, three from his Long Expedition work, and the fourth of butterflies.

Scientific exploration continued to be a focus for Peale throughout the 1820s and 1830s. In 1825, he returned to south Florida, and from the fall of 1830 through the spring of 1832, he toured the Magdalena River, Colombia, sketching and collecting huge numbers of butterflies and other specimens. His endeavors on these expeditions and his artistic work, more than his relatively few publications, won him election to the American Philosophical Society in 1833 at the young age of 34. The crowning achievement of his career as a naturalist, however, could well have come with his work as assistant naturalist aboard Charles Wilkes' United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842). A circumnavigation of the globe that included stops at places as far flung as Fiji and the Philippines, the northwest Pacific Coast and California, the Wilkes Expedition was one of the most ambitious American expeditions of the mid-century.

Unfortunately for Peale, the Wilkes Expedition was to be a disappointment. A shipwreck in the mouth of the Columbia River cost him his most important specimens, and upon his return to Philadelphia, friction erupted between Peale and Wilkes over credit for the scientific discoveries and publication plans. Peale's Mammalia and Ornithology (Philadelphia: C. Sherman, 1848) appeared in a limited edition in 1848, but was later suppressed by Wilkes, with John Cassin's Mammalogy and Ornithology (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1858) taking its place.

After these experiences and a period of difficulty supporting his family as an artist or naturalist, Peale took a position as an assistant examiner in the U.S. Patent Office in 1849. Though never free of the usual political intrigues associated with a governmental post, he remained in the Patent Office until his retirement in 1873.

During this last portion of his career, Peale continued painting, but took strong interest in photography, both in his work at the Patent Office and outside, and he became a founding member of the Amateur Photographic Exchange Club, the first club of its sort in the United States. His desire to produce a massively illustrated work on the butterflies of North America became his scientific focus, however it was never completed and never made it to press. Peale died in Philadelphia in 1885.

From the guide to the Titian Ramsay Peale Sketches, 1817-1875, (American Philosophical Society)

Bonaparte, Charles Lucien, Prince of Canino (1803-1857, APS, 1824). Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French naturalist and ornithologist, was a nephew of the Emperor Napoleon, the son of the Emperor’s younger brother Lucien.

Charles Lucien Bonaparte, was raised in Italy and shared his father Lucien’s republican political values. He received an extensive scientific education in Italian universities. In 1822 at the age of nineteen he married his cousin Zenaida-Charlotte-Julie, daughter of Joseph, king of Naples and Spain, and brought her to live in the United States for six years. The couple had twelve children.

Before the age of twenty he discovered a warbler, then unknown to science. And would make his greatest contributions to zoology, even though he had begun his scientific career with several essays in botany. While in the United States Bonaparte published numerous ornithological notes in the Journal of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. He continued Alexander Wilson’s work on birds, updating the latter’s American Ornithology. He also sponsored the then unknown John James Audobon for membership in the Academy of Natural Science in 1824, although Audobon was not elected.

Returning to Europe in 1828 at the age of 25, Bonaparte settled in Italy and began a period of major political activity. He advocated for the organization of scientific congresses that also provided an opportunity for meetings of independents and reformers. After the accession of the initially liberal Pope Pius IX in 1846, Bonaparte became a member of the Pope’s party, but proceeded to move in a more radical direction, affiliating with the radicals and joining the Supreme Junta that seized power in the Roman states during the Revolutions of 1848. After the flight of Pope Pius in November 1848, Charles Lucien became deputy for Viterbo in the Assemblée Nationale Romaine; he was eventually elected Vice-President of the Assemblée. He also served on a commission to draft a constitution for the Roman Republic. When his cousin Louis Napoleon sent French troops to restore the Pope, Bonaparte participated in the defense of Rome with the Republican army. After its defeat and the fall of the Roman Republic, he fled with his family back to France, first to Marseilles and then Orléans, where he was arrested and released. Louis Napoleon ordered him out of the county and he set sail from Le Havre for England.

While in England, Bonaparte attended the 1849 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Birmingham, then visited the Scottish ornithologist Sir William Jardine. During his sojourn in England Bonaparte started work on a classification of every bird in the world, visiting museums across Europe to study their collections. The following year, 1851, he was allowed to return to France, where he and his family settled in Paris. At this point he gave up politics and concentrated exclusively on his scientific endeavors.

Bonaparte became interested in the principles of biological classification as early as 1831. In his early work he departed from the concepts of Georges Cuvier, of whom he was quite critical. He classified Insectivora before the Rodentia and separated the Chiroptera from the Primates. He made use of location, structure and the relationships of the branchiae in his classification of fish. Also, in developing classifications, he considered physiological data and morphology. Consequently, he raised the Batrachia to a subclass, then united the saurians and ophidians (Reptilia). He devoted the final years of his life to establishing a definitive classification of zoological groups, publishing synopses, conspectuses, and catalogs of the fauna of France. To this end, he not only encouraged fellow zoologists to study local fauna, but in 1857 conceived a general work in collaboration with Victor Meunier on the fauna of France entitled Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des animaux qui vivent en France. Bonaparte’s death later that year prevented the realization of the project.

Charles Lucien Bonaparte was deeply interested in the French Muséum d’histoire naturelle and hoped to see the addition of a special gallery for native fauna. He bequeathed his library, containing works on the natural sciences, meterology, history and politics, as well as his extensive correspondence, to the Muséum.

From the guide to the Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte letters, 1825-1857, 1825-1857, (American Philosophical Society)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Peale family. Papers, 1794-1854. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn Figures in a western landscape: reading the art of Titian Ramsay Peale from the long expedition to the Rocky Mountains, 1819-1820; 1992, 1992 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte letters, 1825-1857, 1825-1857 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Journals of Titian Ramsay Peale, 1819-1842. Library of Congress
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. [Journal extracts] [manuscript]. Libraries Australia
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Sketches, 1817-1875, [n.d.]. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Titian Ramsay Peale Sketches, 1817-1875 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf American Philosophical Society selected records Archives of American Art
creatorOf Selected Peale family papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Library. Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection. 1668-1983. American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Peale, Charles Willson, 1741-1827. Letterbooks, 1767-1827. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 52: Assistant Secretary, Incoming Correspondenc.
referencedIn George Ord Collection, 1831-1864 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Peale-Sellers family collection, 1686-1963 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Journal, 1819. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885 : [miscellaneous ephemeral material]. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas J. Watson Library
creatorOf McAllister, John A. (John Allister), 1822-1896,. John A. McAllister Papers, 1820-1885 (bulk 1860-1866). Porterville Public Library
referencedIn Frazer, John Fries, 1812-1872. Papers, 1834-1871. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Peale family. Sketchbooks, 1786-1864 (bulk 1800-1864). Winterthur Library
creatorOf Selected papers from the Peale-Sellers collection Archives of American Art
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. [Contact repository for more information].
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1863-1879 Smithsonian Institution Archives
creatorOf Charles Nicoll Bancker family papers, 1733-1894, 1733-1894 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Journal of Titian Ramsay Peale [manuscript] 1824 November-1825 April. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Alexander Dallas Bache Papers.
referencedIn Buffalo & Erie County Historical Society Archives. Millard Fillmore Papers (C79 1).
referencedIn National Archives And Records Administration. Rg 23: Coast And Geodetic Survey.
creatorOf Dow, Margaret Elder. Papers, 1846-1963. Dartmouth College Library
referencedIn John Fries Frazer papers, 1834-1871, 1834-1871 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Selected art related letters from Historical Society of Pennsylvania's Society Collection Archives of American Art
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 60: Meteorological Project, 1849 1875.
referencedIn Harvard, Houghton Library. Dorothea L. Dix Papers.
referencedIn Northwestern University Archives. [Contact repository for more information].
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIe. 1845-1865. American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Charles Willson Peale letterbooks, 1767-1827, 1767-1827 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Peale Family. Papers, 1803-1854. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Introduction to and A history, both manuscripts in the handwriting of the author, Titian Ramsay Peale, United States Exploring Expedition, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. ... / presented to the Emma Shearer Wood Library of Ornithology by Chas. W. Richmond. McGill University Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Artist file. Brooklyn Museum Libraries & Archives
referencedIn Peale family papers, 1803-1854, 1803-1854 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Titian Ramsay Peale journal, 1819, 1819 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn American Philosophical Society. Peale Papers.
referencedIn Princeton University Library, Dept. Of Rare Books & Mss., Ms. John Miller Collection.
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IIc, 1826-1836 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Lepidoptera : larva, food-plant, pupa, &c. American Museum of Natural History
referencedIn Historical Society Of Pennsylvania. Peale Papers.
referencedIn Peale family. Sketchbooks, 1800-1864 [microform]. Hagley Museum & Library
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 32: Office Of The Secretary, Unbound Miscellane.
referencedIn Coffin, James H. (James Henry), 1806-1873. James Henry Coffin Papers, 1848-1884 Smithsonian Institution Archives
creatorOf Ord, George, 1781-1866. Correspondence, 1844-1852, to Titian Ramsay Peale. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Harris, Edward, 1799-1863. Papers, 1797-1959. Alabama Department of Archives and History
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885,. Collection, 1794-1808. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn Ord, George, 1781-1866. Letters, 1832-1864, to Charles Waterton. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Maryland Historical Society. Redwood Papers (Ms. 1530).
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Peale Papers.
referencedIn Hudson River Sketchbook, 1801 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn George Ord correspondence, 1844-1852, to Titian Ramsay Peale, 1844-1852 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Sellers family. Papers, 1675-1928 (inclusive). American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Mathews, Gregory M. (Gregory Macalister), 1876-1949. Papers relating to vol. VIII of the United States Exploring Expedition. Libraries Australia
creatorOf Titian Ramsay Peale correspondence, 1820-1868, 1820-1868 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Reuben Haines and Haines family selected papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn John James Audubon letters and drawings, 1805-1892 (inclusive), 1805-1847 (bulk). Houghton Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Correspondence, 1820-1868. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Charles Willson Peale, a biography, [n.d.]. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Journals, 1838-39, (bulk 1841-1842). UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Hart, Charles Henry, 1847-1918,. Miscellaneous artists' letters, receipts and exhibition announcements, 1731-1901. Archives of American Art
referencedIn Peale family. Papers, 1784-1864. Winterthur Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. The butterflies of North America, diurnal Lepidoptera [microform] : whence they come, where they go, and what they do / illustrated and described by Titian R. Peale. American Museum of Natural History
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Correspondence of Titian Ramsay Peale, 1821-1876 (bulk 1830-1835 and 1849-1873). Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
referencedIn American Philosophical Society Archives. Record Group IId, 1837-1844 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1865-1891 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn Entomological drawings, n.d., n.d. American Philosophical Society
referencedIn American Philosophical Society. John Fries Frazer Papers.
creatorOf Le Conte, John Eatton, 1784-1860. Entomological drawings, n.d. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. The butterflies of North America, diurnal Lepidoptera : whence they come, where they go, and what they do / illustrated and described by Titian R. Peale. American Museum of Natural History
creatorOf Charles Willson Peale, a biography, [n.d.], n.d. American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Elisha Kent Kane Papers, Bulk, 1843-1857, 1810-1953 American Philosophical Society
creatorOf Titian Ramsay Peale Collection Archives of American Art
referencedIn Beck, Richard. Journal, 1880 Feb.13- Oct. 1. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Bancker, Charles Nicoll, 1778-1869. Family papers, ca.1733-1894. American Philosophical Society Library
referencedIn Secretary Of The Interior. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Richard Beck journal. February 13, 1880 - October 1, 1880, 1880 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Peale-Sellers family collection, 1686-1963 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Sellers family papers, 1675-1928 (inclusive), 1675-1928 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Records, 1859-1984 (inclusive), 1859-1946 (bulk). Harvard University, Ernst Mayr Library of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
referencedIn Bache, A. D. (Alexander Dallas), 1806-1867. Alexander Dallas Bache Papers, 1821-1869 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn Peale-Sellers families. Correspondence, 1686-1963. American Philosophical Society Library
creatorOf Peale, Titian Ramsay, 1799-1885. Miscellaneous manuscripts, 1835. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Dix, Dorothea Lynde, 1802-1887. Papers, 1798-1893 (bulk 1827-1887) Houghton Library
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Insurance agents
Inventors
Land and Speculation
Landscape drawing
Learned institutions and societies
Literature, Arts, and Culture
Marriage and Family Life
Meteorology
Moose
Museum curators
National Institute
National Museum
Natural history
Natural history museums
Naturalists
Naturalists
Navies
Ornithology
Ornithology
Oto Indians
Patent Office
Patent practice
Pennsylvania History
Penobscot Indians
Philadelphia History
Photography
Plains Indians
Recommendations For Positions
Science
Science and technology
Science In America
Scientific organizations
Scientific publications
Siouan Indians
Smithsonian Art Gallery
Smithsonian Board Of Regents
Smithsonian Building
Smithsonian Endowment
Smithsonian Exchange
Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Publications
Social life and customs
Squirrels
Stephen H. Long Expedition to the Rocky Mountains (1819-1820)
Surveys And Explorations, General
Trade
United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
Voyages and travels
Voyages in the Pacific
Wilkes Expedition
Wolves
Women's history
Yellow fever
Zoology
Zoology
Occupation
Artists
Artists
Collector
Merchants
Naturalist
Politicians
Scientists
Activity

Person

Birth 1799-11-17

Death 1885-03-13

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w6tm7dht

SNAC ID: 58206743