Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876

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Charlotte Saunders Cushman (July 23, 1816 – February 18, 1876) was an American stage actress. Her voice was noted for its full contralto register, and she was able to play both male and female parts. She lived intermittently in Rome, in an expatriate colony of prominent artists and sculptors, some of whom became part of her tempestuous private life. Cushman made her initial professional appearance at age eighteen on April 8, 1835 at Boston's Tremont Theatre. She then went to New Orleans where she performed successfully for one season, after which she returned to New York City to act under contract with the Bowery Theatre. She scored rave reviews in Albany, New York for her portrayal of Lady Macbeth. By 1839, her younger sister Susan Webb Cushman became an actress. The two sisters became famous for playing Romeo and Juliet together, with Charlotte playing Romeo and Susan playing Juliet. Cushman had romantic relationships with a number of women, including the writer Mahilda Hays and the sculptors Harriet Hosmer and Emma Stebbins. She died of pneumonia in her hotel room on the third floor at the Parker House Hotel in Boston in 1876, aged 59, and was interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Autograph letters of performing artists, 1853-1870. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf United States Sanitary Commission. Philadelphia Branch. Album presented by the United States Sanitary Commission, Philadelphia branch, to Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], ca. 1864. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Papers of Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], [1842]-1875. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Ellsler, John Adam, 1822-1903. Papers, 1852-1877, ca. 1886. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letter by Charlotte Cushman to [Mr. Murrays?], 1841. Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
referencedIn Beecher family. Beecher-Stowe family papers, 1798-1956 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Ireland, Joseph Norton, 1817-1898,. Autograph letter signed from Joseph Norton Ireland, Bridgeport, to William Winter [manuscript], 1876 February 29. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Lunt, George, 1803-1885,. Autograph letter from George Lunt, Scituate, Massachusetts, to William Winter [manuscript], 1876 March 1. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Worcester Dramatic Museum. Papers, 1732-1995. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Miscellaneous theatrical papers Houghton Library
referencedIn Brainard, Charles Henry, 1817-1885. Papers, 1795-1884 and undated Houghton Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. ALS : Boston Row, Mayfair [London], to Madame Kasdov?, [18--] June 10. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
referencedIn Beecher-Stowe family papers, 1798-1956 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Palfrey family papers, 1713-1915 Houghton Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Miscellaneous manuscripts, 1832-1871, n.d. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf William Page and Page Family papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn The Robert Cushman Butler Collection of Theatrical Illustrations Washington State University Libraries Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (MASC)
referencedIn Brady National Photographic Art Gallery (Washington, D.C.),. Charlotte Cushman photographs, ca. 1860-1865. Massachusetts Historical Society
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letter : Hyde Park, N.Y., to unknown person, 1871 June 10. Texas Christian University
referencedIn Hoar, George Frisbie. 1826-1904. Autograph collection, 1598-1945 Houghton Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. ALS : London, to Mr. Wallis, 1848 Oct. 29. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
referencedIn J. S. Bliss Correspondence, 1867-1882 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
creatorOf Jackson, Helen Hunt, 1830-1885. Helen Hunt Jackson Papers. Part 2. Colorado College, Tutt Library
referencedIn Charlotte Cushman [picture]. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
creatorOf Hay, John, 1838-1905. Correspondence, 1854-1914, "Curtis" to "Devens". Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Isabella Stewart Gardner papers Archives of American Art
creatorOf Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870. Autograph letter signed with initials : London, to William Charles Macready, 1848 July 4. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Risley, Hanson A. Papers, 1774-1908. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893,. Autograph letter signed from Fanny Butler to Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], ca. 1840. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876,. Autograph letters signed from Charlotte Cushman to various recipients [manuscript], 1843-1875. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. [Letter, 1873]. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn John Lawrence Toole autograph collection, 1750-1903 and undated. Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
referencedIn Collection, 1839, 1851-1890, 1994 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876,. The sisters [manuscript], ca. 1850. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Charlotte Cushman letters to various correspondents, 1842-1874. Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letters, 1840-1941, bulk: 1840-1865. Massachusetts Historical Society
creatorOf Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870. Autograph letter signed with initials : London, to William Charles Macready, 1848 June 29. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Letters to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1761-1904 (inclusive), 1820-1888 (bulk) Houghton Library
referencedIn Cartes-de-visite album and biographies, ca. 1875-1876. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Albert Stephens Borgman autograph collection, 1600-1950. Houghton Library
creatorOf Fields, James Thomas, 1817-1881. James Thomas Fields Papers and Addenda, 1767-1914 (bulk 1850-1914) Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
referencedIn Cushman, Louise,. Letters and lists to Mrs. Victor N. Cushman concerning portraits and miscellany of Charlotte Cushman and her family [manuscript], 1919-1932. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Autograph letter signed : "Winter Garden", to Mr. Davidson, [1861] Mar. 12. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Millard, H. (Harrison), 1830-1895,. Autograph letters signed from Harrison Millard to Augustin Daly [manuscript], 1868-1874. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Osborn, Luther, 1843-1923. Diaries of Luther Osborn, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1866, and 1868. Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens
referencedIn Logan, Celia. The Macready dagger [manuscript], 1892. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876,. Poetical miscellany of Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], ca. 1850. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Jennie Lorenz Collection Relating to Charlotte Cushman, 1830-1960 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Sturgis, J. H. (John Hubbard), 1834-1888. Papers, 1853-1909. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letter to Leon John Vincent : Philadelphia : ALS, 1875 Apr. 8. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Schiffer, Clara Goldberg,. Collection, 1839-1994 (inclusive), 1851-1890 (bulk). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn James Thomas Fields collection of autographs and portraits of distinguished women, 1814-1907. Houghton Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. ALS : [Rome], to the Spaldings, Hotel di Roma, 1866 Jan. 1. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Autograph letter signed Charlotte C to: Mary. Wellesley College
referencedIn Autograph file: A-I, 1783-1983. Vassar College
creatorOf Lovett, Robert Williamson, 1859-1924. Autograph book, 1779-1913. Massachusetts Historical Society
referencedIn Photographs of theatrical performers, 1862-1982. Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
creatorOf Webster, E. F. Autograph letters, 1873-1899. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
creatorOf Collection of autographs, [ca. 1797 to ca. 1915] Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letter, n.d. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letter, 1873. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Papers of Harriet Goodhue Hosmer, 1834-1959 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Houghton Mifflin Company contracts, 1831-1979 (inclusive) 1880-1940 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Howe family papers, 1819-1910. Houghton Library
referencedIn Caroline Sturgis Tappan papers, 1838-1921. Houghton Library
referencedIn Scrapbook on the works of William Shakespeare [18--?]. Museum of Performance & Design
referencedIn Lawrence, Susan Freeman, 1840-. Family history and reminiscences, 1897. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Autograph File, C Houghton Library
creatorOf Bennoch, Francis, 1812-1890. Correspondence, 1838-1886. University of Iowa Libraries
referencedIn Swift, Humphrey H. (Humphrey Hathaway), 1819-1911,. Autograph letter signed from Humphrey H. Swift, Acushnet, Massachusetts, to William Winter [manuscript], 1906 October 7. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Pugh, Thomas B. Autograph letters signed from T.B. Pugh, Philadelphia, to Augustin Daly [manuscript], 1873 June-November. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Holmes, Daniel Henry, 1816-1898. History of a young lady, 1848 June 8-1851 July 17. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Julian Dana Photograph and Portrait Collection, 1885-1933 Bancroft Library
referencedIn Rogers Memorial Collection: Photographs, prints, and drawings, ca. 1600-1936 (bulk: 1861-1936) Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
referencedIn Thorndike, Samuel Lothrop, 1829-1911. Boston area musical programs : scrapbook, between 1820-1885 bulk 1856-1885. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Fields, Annie, 1834-1915. Annie Fields papers, 1847-1912. Massachusetts Historical Society
creatorOf Charlotte Cushman Papers, 1823-1941, (bulk 1861-1875) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn James Thomas Fields autograph album, 1750-1941. Houghton Library
referencedIn Joseph Severn papers, 1821-1899. Houghton Library
referencedIn May, Samuel J. (Samuel Joseph), 1797-1871. Samuel Joseph May diary, 1859. Cornell University Library
referencedIn Sumner, Charles, 1811-1874. Correspondence, 1829-1874 Houghton Library
referencedIn Waters, Clara Erskine Clement, 1834-1916. Extracts from Mrs. Clement's Life of Charlotte Cushman, with passages introduced by her from other writers [manuscript], 19th century. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf United States Sanitary Commission. Boston Branch. Album presented by the United States Sanitary Commission, Boston Branch, to Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], ca. 1864. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf United States Sanitary Commission. Album presented by the United States Sanitary Commission, New York branch, to Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], ca. 1864. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letters, 1837-1874 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Cooke, Rose Terry, 1827-1892. Scrapbook, 1873-1877. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Lorenz, Jennie, 1886-1962. Papers, 1830-1960. Library of Congress
Harvard Theatre Collection of figurines Houghton Library
creatorOf Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882. Behavior : autograph manuscript, [1859-60]. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn People of the theater : portraits and autographs, 1872-1923. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn John Davis Batchelder Collection of Manuscripts, 1537-1944, (bulk 1800-1910) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Letchworth, Josiah, 1835 or 6-1913. Letter : Buffalo, N.Y., to the president of the Ladies Association of the Buffalo General Hospital, 1872 Feb. 26. Buffalo History Museum, Research Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876,. Autograph letter signed from Charlotte Cushman to Miss Russell [manuscript], 19th century. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letters, 1858-1864 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Anne Hampton Brewster papers, Bulk, 1845-1892, 1777-1892 Library company of Philadelphia
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letter : Hyde Park, N.Y., to unknown person, 1871 June 10. University of Chicago Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Autograph letter signed : Boston, to F. C. Wemyss of Pratt & Wemyss, 1844 Oct. 2. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Winter, William, 1836-1917,. Autograph letter signed to William Winter from unidentified recipient, Providence [manuscript], 1876 February 18. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Bolton, Ethel Stanwood, 1873-. The north side of Richmond Street, Boston, in 1866 [graphic] / E.S. Bolton ; from a water colour drawing by WIlliam Walker in 1866. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. Letters to various correspondents, 1842-1874. Houghton Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876. [Letter] 1873 Mar. 12, The Arlington, Washington, D.C. [to] Dear friend / Charlotte Cushman. Smith College, Neilson Library
referencedIn Hemenway, Amy. Collection of autographs, 1791-1873 Houghton Library
referencedIn American Dramatic Fund Association. Letter from the Office of Dramatic Fund Association, New York, to Charlotte Cushman [manuscript], 1849 November 5. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Cushman, Charlotte, 1816-1876,. Autograph letters signed from Charlotte Cushman to Augustin Daly [manuscript], 1873-1874. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn William Page and Page Family papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Weeks, James Hubbard, 1810-1885. Journal, 1862-1864. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910. Papers of Julia Ward Howe, 1858-1908. University of Virginia. Library
Role Title Holding Repository

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correspondedWith American Dramatic Fund Association. corporateBody
correspondedWith Barnes, Hellman B., fl. 1843-1875 person
correspondedWith Bartholomew, Anne Charlotte, 1800-1862 person
associatedWith Batchelder, John Davis, 1872-1958, person
associatedWith Beecher family family
correspondedWith Bellows, Henry W. (Henry Whitney), 1814-1882 person
associatedWith Bennoch, Francis, 1812-1890. person
correspondedWith Bigelow, John, 1817-1911 person
associatedWith Bliss, J. S. person
associatedWith Bolton, Ethel Stanwood, 1873- person
correspondedWith Booth, Edwin, 1833-1893 person
associatedWith Borgman, Albert Stephens, 1890-1954 person
correspondedWith Brainard, Charles Henry, 1817-1885 person
correspondedWith Bremer, fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith Brewster, Anne M. H., (Anne Maria Hampton), 1819-1892 person
associatedWith Bridges, William F. person
associatedWith Brougham, John, 1810-1880. person
correspondedWith Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 1806-1861 person
correspondedWith Bunn, Alfred, 1796?-1860 person
correspondedWith Carlyle, Jane Welsh, 1801-1866 person
associatedWith Charles Walter Couldock person
associatedWith Chase, A. S., person
correspondedWith Chorley, Henry Fothergill, 1808-1872 person
associatedWith CLARA (GOLDBERG) SCHIFFER person
correspondedWith Clarke, John S. (John Sleeper), 1833-1899 person
correspondedWith Crow, Wayman, 1808-1885 person
correspondedWith Cushman, Charles Augustus, 1818-1896 person
correspondedWith Cushman, Edwin Charles, b. 1838 person
correspondedWith Cushman, Emma Crow, b. 1840? person
associatedWith Cushman, Louise, person
correspondedWith Cushman, Mary Eliza, 1793-1866 person
correspondedWith Daly, Augustin, 1838-1899 person
associatedWith Dana, Julian, 1907- person
correspondedWith Davenport, Fanny, 1850-1898 person
associatedWith David person
associatedWith Davidson, Mr, person
associatedWith Dennis R. Alward person
associatedWith Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870. person
associatedWith Dickenson person
correspondedWith Dow, Mary A., fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith Dr. D. W. Bliss person
correspondedWith Dull, fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith E. J. Farmer person
associatedWith Ellsler, John Adam, 1822-1903. person
associatedWith Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882. person
correspondedWith Field, R. M. (Richard Montgomery), 1834-1902 person
associatedWith Fields, Annie, 1834-1915. person
correspondedWith Fields, James Thomas, 1817-1881 person
correspondedWith Flower, Selina, d. 1884 person
associatedWith Ford, John Thompson, 1829-1894, person
correspondedWith Forrester, Nicholas C., 1836 or 7-1892 person
associatedWith Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 1840-1924. person
associatedWith Greenleaf, Lewis S. person
associatedWith HARRIET GOODHUE HOSMER, 1830-1908 person
associatedWith Hay, John, 1838-1905. person
associatedWith Hemenway, Amy, collector. person
correspondedWith Heraud, Ann Elizabeth, d. 1867 person
correspondedWith Higginson, Mary Elizabeth, d. 1877 person
correspondedWith Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911 person
associatedWith Hoar, George Frisbie, 1826-1904 person
associatedWith Holmes, Daniel Henry, 1816-1898. person
associatedWith Hosmer, Harriet Goodhue, 1830-1908. person
correspondedWith Houghton Mifflin Company. corporateBody
correspondedWith Howe family. family
correspondedWith Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910 person
correspondedWith Howitt, Mary Botham, 1799-1888 person
associatedWith Howitt, Mrs., person
associatedWith Ireland, Joseph Norton, 1817-1898, person
correspondedWith Jackson, Helen Hunt, 1830-1885 person
correspondedWith Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor, 1812-1880 person
correspondedWith Johnson, P. M., fl. 1843-1875 person
correspondedWith Jones, J. S. (Joseph Stevens), 1811-1877 person
associatedWith Judd, Samuel, d. 1847. person
correspondedWith Kasdov, Madame person
correspondedWith Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893 person
correspondedWith King, Rufus, 1814-1876 person
correspondedWith Lawrence, Mr., fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith Lawrence, Susan Freeman, 1840- person
associatedWith Letchworth, Josiah, 1835 or 6-1913. person
associatedWith Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 person
associatedWith Logan, Celia. person
correspondedWith Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882 person
associatedWith Lorenz, Jennie, 1886-1962. person
associatedWith Lovett, Robert Williamson, 1859-1924. person
associatedWith Lunt, George, 1803-1885, person
correspondedWith Mackay, Charles, 1787-1857 person
correspondedWith Macready, William Charles, 1793-1873 person
associatedWith May, Samuel J. (Samuel Joseph), 1797-1871. person
associatedWith Millard, H. (Harrison), 1830-1895, person
associatedWith Miss Booth person
correspondedWith Nilsson, Christine, 1843-1921 person
associatedWith Osborn, Luther, 1843-1923. person
associatedWith Page, William, 1811-1885. person
correspondedWith Palfrey family. family
associatedWith Park Benjamin person
correspondedWith Payne, John Howard, 1791-1852 person
correspondedWith Phelps, Edward John, 1822-1900 person
associatedWith Pugh, Thomas B. person
associatedWith Risley, Hanson A. person
associatedWith Rogers, Henry Munroe, 1839-1937 person
correspondedWith Ross, Daniel, fl. 1843-1875 person
correspondedWith Russell, Miss, 19th cent. person
associatedWith Schiffer, Clara Goldberg, person
correspondedWith Severn, Joseph, 1793-1879 person
correspondedWith Seward, Anna Wharton person
correspondedWith Seward, William Henry, 1801-1872 person
associatedWith Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 person
correspondedWith Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891 person
correspondedWith Shewell, Livingston Robert, 1833-1904 person
correspondedWith Stebbins, Emma, 1815-1882 person
correspondedWith Stevens, Mrs., fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith Stowe, Lyman Beecher, 1880-1963. person
associatedWith Sturgis, J. H. (John Hubbard), 1834-1888. person
correspondedWith Sumner, Charles, 1811-1874 person
associatedWith Swift, Humphrey H. (Humphrey Hathaway), 1819-1911, person
correspondedWith Tappan, Caroline Sturgis, 1819-1888 person
associatedWith Thorndike, Samuel Lothrop, 1829-1911. person
correspondedWith Toole, John Lawrence, 1830-1906 person
correspondedWith Tracy, Sarah C., 19th cent. person
correspondedWith Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, 1810-1892 person
associatedWith United States Sanitary Commission. corporateBody
associatedWith United States Sanitary Commission. Boston Branch. corporateBody
associatedWith United States Sanitary Commission. Philadelphia Branch. corporateBody
correspondedWith Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 person
associatedWith Vassar College. corporateBody
associatedWith Vincent, Leon John. person
correspondedWith Wallack, Lester, 1820-1888 person
correspondedWith Wallis, Mr. person
associatedWith Walnut Street Theatre (Philadelphia, Pa.) corporateBody
associatedWith Warren's. corporateBody
associatedWith Waters, Clara Erskine Clement, 1834-1916. person
correspondedWith Webster, Benjamin, 1797-1882 person
associatedWith Webster, E. F. person
associatedWith Weeks, James Hubbard, 1810-1885. person
associatedWith Wemyss, Francis Courtney, 1797-1859, person
correspondedWith Wheelock, L. A., fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith Whiting, Lilian, 1847-1942. person
correspondedWith Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892 person
correspondedWith Wild, Dr., fl. 1843-1875 person
associatedWith William Henry Chippendale person
associatedWith Winter, William, 1836-1917, person
associatedWith Worcester Dramatic Museum. corporateBody
associatedWith W. S. Fredericks person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Subject
Theater
Theater
Theater
Acting
Actresses
Actresses
Americans
Americans
Amusements
Benefit performances
Benefit performances
Drama
Finance, Personal
Occupation
Actresses
Activity

Person

Birth 1816

Death 1876

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