Murray, Pauli, 1910-1985

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Pauli Murray (1910-1985) was a lawyer, scholar, writer, educator, administrator, religious leader, civil rights and women's rights activist. She was a co-founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) and the first black woman to be ordained as an Episcopal minister. She spent much of her life in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C.

From the description of Proud shoes : the story of an American family : typescript, 1956 / by Pauli Murray. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122626035

Pauli Murray (1910-1985) lawyer, educator, author, and first black woman to be ordained an Episcopal minister (Hunter College, A.B.; Howard University, L.L.B.; Yale University J.S.D.) has been a leader in the field of human rights. She taught at Benedict College in N.C., at Brandeis University and taught law in Ghana, 1960-1961. She is the author of a family memoir, Proud Shoes, and a personal memoir, Song in a Weary Throat (1987).

From the description of Papers, 1971-1972 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007807

African American lawyer, educator, author, and civil rights activist.

From the description of Papers, 1943-1944. (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 70941190

Pauli Murray, lawyer, educator, author, and first black woman to be ordained an Episcopal minister (Hunter College, A.B.; Howard University, L.L.B.; Yale University, J.S.D.) was a leader in the field of human rights. She taught at Benedict College in North Carolina, at Brandeis University, and taught law in Ghana, 1960-1961. She was the author of a family memoir, Proud Shoes (1956), and a personal memoir, Song in a Weary Throat (1987). While working towards her master of laws degree at Boalt Hall School of Law in Berkeley, California, Murray had a difficult relationship with her thesis advisor, Barbara N. Armstrong.

From the description of Inscription of Pauli Murray, 1970. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 629696799

Lawyer, civil rights activist, poet, teacher, and the first African-American woman to be ordained into the Anglican Communion, U.S.A.

From the description of Letter : to Family and friends, 1976 Dec. 21. (Duke University Library). WorldCat record id: 28533944

Pauli Murray (1910-1985), lawyer, educator, and first black woman to be ordained an Episcopal minister (Hunter College, A.B.; Howard University, L.L.B.; Yale University, J.S.D.), has been a leader in the field of human rights. She taught at Benedict College in N.C., at Brandeis University , and taught law in Ghana, 1960-1961. She is the author of a family memoir, Proud Shoes, and a personal memoir, Song in a Weary Throat (1987).

From the description of Papers, 1977, 1981. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007808

Pauli Murray (1910-1985), lawyer, educator, and first black woman to be ordained an Episcopal minister (Hunter College, A.B.; Howard University, L.L.B.; Yale University, J.S.D.), has been a leader in the field of human rights. She taught at Benedict College (N.C.), at Brandeis University, and taught law in Ghana, 1960-1961. She is the author of a family memoir, Proud Shoes, and a personal memoir, Song in a Weary Throat (1987). She was a friend of Ruth Friedland, who lived in New Haven, Conn., and who was her typist while Murray was working on her dissertation.

From the description of Papers, 1965-1971 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 122506729

African American activist Murray was born in Baltimore, Md., and raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal grandparents and an aunt. In the 1930s she attended college and worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. In the 1940s she attended law school and opened her own law office in New York City. In 1956 she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison. In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School.

In the early 1970s Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; she was ordained in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md. She was also the author of a book of poetry and four nonfiction books, as well as numerous articles.

Murray was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

From the description of Papers: Series IV, 1926-1985 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008667

African American activist Murray was born in Baltimore, Md., and raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal grandparents and an aunt. In the 1930s she attended college and worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. In the 1940s she attended law school and opened her own law office in New York City. In 1956 she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison. In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School.

In the early 1970s Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; she was ordained in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md. She was also the author of a book of poetry and four nonfiction books, as well as numerous articles.

Murray was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

From the description of Papers: Series I, 1827-1985 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008664

African American activist Murray was born in Baltimore, Md., and raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal grandparents and an aunt. In the 1930s she attended college and worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. In the 1940s she attended law school and opened her own law office in New York City. In 1956 she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison. In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School.

In the early 1970s Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; she was ordained in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md. She was also the author of a book of poetry and four nonfiction books, as well as numerous articles.

Murray was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

From the description of Papers: Series II, 1935-1984 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008665

African American activist Murray was born in Baltimore, Md., and raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal grandparents and an aunt. In the 1930s she attended college and worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. In the 1940s she attended law school and opened her own law office in New York City. In 1956 she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison. In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School.

In the early 1970s Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; she was ordained in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md. She was also the author of a book of poetry and four nonfiction books, as well as numerous articles.

Murray was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

From the description of Papers: Series III, 1855-1985 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008666

African American activist Pauli Murray was born Anna Pauline Murray in Baltimore, Md., to Agnes Fitzgerald and William Henry Murray. She was raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal aunt, Pauline Fitzgerald Dame, who later legally adopted her. She was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

After graduating from Hunter College (1933), Murray held a variety of jobs; employers included the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. She entered Howard University Law School in the fall of 1941, graduated in 1944, and completed graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley. In the late 1940s she opened a law office in New York City, where she worked until she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison in 1956.

In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School. A writer, she published a book of poetry, Dark Testament and Other Poems (1970), and four other books: States' Laws on Race and Color (1951), Proud Shoes: The Story of an American Family (1956), The Government and Constitution of Ghana (1961), and an autobiography, Song in a Weary Throat, published posthumously in 1987. She also wrote numerous newspaper and journal articles.

In the early 1970s, Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; in 1976 she received a Master of Divinity degree from General Theological Seminary in New York City. She was the first African American woman to be ordained an Episcopal priest; her ordination took place in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as Priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md.

From the description of Papers, 1827-1985 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232006752

African American activist Murray was born in Baltimore, Md., and raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal grandparents and an aunt. In the 1930s she attended college and worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. In the 1940s she attended law school and opened her own law office in New York City. In 1956 she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison. In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School.

In the early 1970s Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; she was ordained in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md. She was also the author of a book of poetry and four nonfiction books, as well as numerous articles.

Murray was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

From the description of Papers: Series VI, 1941-1983 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008668

African American activist Murray was born in Baltimore, Md., and raised in Durham, N.C., by her maternal grandparents and an aunt. In the 1930s she attended college and worked for the Works Progress Administration and the Workers' Defense League. In the 1940s she attended law school and opened her own law office in New York City. In 1956 she was hired as an associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison. In the 1960s Murray was a university professor and administrator in the United States and in Ghana, served on a study committee for the President's Commission on the Status of Women, and earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School.

In the early 1970s Murray had a calling to the Episcopal priesthood; she was ordained in National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977. Before her retirement in 1984, she served as priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C., and at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore, Md. She was also the author of a book of poetry and four nonfiction books, as well as numerous articles.

Murray was married briefly in the 1930s, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

From the description of Papers: Series V, 1939-1985 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 122336410

  • 1910 Nov. 21: Born in Baltimore, Md.
  • 1933: Received A.B., Hunter College, New York.
  • 1933 - 1934 : Field representative, National Urban League.
  • 1935 - 1939 : Teacher, Works Project Administration.
  • 1938: Applied unsuccessfully for admission to the University of North Carolina Graduate School.
  • 1943 - 1944 : Student leader of student sit-ins at Howard University, Washington, D.C.
  • 1944: Received L.L.B., cum laude, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
  • 1945: Received L.L.M., University of California at Berkeley.
  • 1946: Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice, Sacramento, California.
  • 1948: Admitted to New York Bar and admitted to practice in the Supreme Court.
  • 1948 - 1960 : Engaged in private law practice.
  • 1951: Published State Laws on Race and Color.
  • 1956: Published Proud Shoes.
  • 1960 - 1961 : Senior lecturer, Ghana Law School, Acra.
  • 1961: Published Government of Ghana.
  • 1962 - 1963 : Member of the Civil and Political Rights Committee of the President's Committee on the Status of Women.
  • 1962 - 1965 : Member of faculty of Yale Law School.
  • 1965: Received J.S.D. degree from Yale University Law School.
  • 1966 - 1967 : Consultant, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
  • 1967 - 1968 : Vice President for Educational Plans and Programs and Professor of Political Science, Benedict College, S. C.
  • 1968 - 1968 Present : Professor of Law and Politics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
  • 1970: Published Dark Testament and other Poems.

From the guide to the Pauli Murray Papers, 1943-1944, (Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University)

Pauli Murray was born Anna Pauline Murray on November 20, 1910, in Baltimore, Md., to the middle-class African American family of nurse Agnes Fitzgerald and high school teacher and principal William Henry Murray. Over the course of her life, PM's experiences and interests would lead her to many places (California, New York City, Massachusetts, Sweden, and Ghana) and through many careers: worker's rights and education, civil rights and women's rights activism, writing, the law, college teaching and administration, and the Episcopal priesthood. PM was married briefly in the 1930's, but her most important and lasting relationships were with women. She died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985 in the house she owned with a lifelong friend, Maida Springer Kemp, in Pittsburgh, Pa.

When PM was three and a half years old her mother died of a cerebral hemorrhage, and the little girl was sent to Durham, N.C., to live with her maternal grandparents, Cornelia Smith and Robert G. Fitzgerald, and her aunt, Pauline Fitzgerald Dame (after whom PM had been named), who later legally adopted her. The importance of education was stressed in the Fitzgerald household, and PM grew up loving, and excelling at, academic challenge. Coming of age in the South instilled in her a hatred of racial discrimination, particularly Jim Crow segregation, evils that she combated for much of her life.

After graduating from high school, PM moved to New York City to attend Hunter College. Though struggling financially, she graduated in 1933, and held a variety of jobs in New York, among them teaching in a Remedial Reading Project and a Workers' Education Project for the Works Progress Administration. When the demise of the WPA seemed imminent, and job prospects looked bleak for anyone without an advanced degree, PM decided that she should pursue graduate study. Her growing interest in race relations led to her decision to apply to the Sociology Department at the all-white University of North Carolina. After being refused entry because of her race, PM contacted the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for legal counsel, but the organization refused to take her case because of a technicality. Discouraged, PM gave up the idea of school and began once again to look for employment.

When she began her job with the Workers' Defense League in 1939, her knowledge of Jim Crow and other forms of discrimination proved useful. She became involved with the case of Odell Waller, an African American sharecropper who had killed his white landlord in self-defense during a dispute over his crops. Waller had been sentenced to death in the electric chair, after being convicted of murder by an all-white jury. PM was sent out to lecture about the case, to raise funds for an appeal of the conviction, and to establish a local defence committee in each city and town in which she spoke. Despite PM's many lecture and fund-raising tours, some with Waller's foster mother, Annie, the WDL was not able to win an appeal on Waller's behalf; he was put to death on July 2, 1942. PM's unsuccessful efforts to combat the poll tax, combined with her arrest for violating segregation laws in Virginia while working on the Waller case, ignited her interest in civil rights law. She entered Howard University Law School in the fall of 1941.

Academic training by such brilliant and influential African Americans as William H. Hastie, Leon A. Ransom, and Spottswood W. Robinson III served as excellent preparation for PM's students activities with the Howard chapter of the NAACP, especially the student's non-violent, direct action sit-in campaigns to desegregate downtown Washington lunch counters. Upon graduating from Howard, PM attempted to enroll to Harvard Law School for graduate study. Again her efforts were thwarted by discrimination: Harvard did not admit women. This experience awakened PM's feminist consciousness.

After attending school and working briefly in California, PM returned to New York to open her own law office, when she remained untill she was hired as associate attorney in the law offices of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, and Garrison in 1956. She worked there until she accepted a position teaching law in Ghana in 1960, a move that she apparently intended to be permanent.

The situation in Ghana proved disappointing, however. PM found the country's legal system cumbersome and inefficient; in addition, the lack of a legal journal or professional organization severely limited opportunities for academic discussion and growth. Furthermore, the country was in political turmoil, manifested in limits on freedom of speech and movement for foreigners and Ghanaians alike, government surveillance of PM's classes, and a grossly inadequate budget for the law school. As the year wore on, and United States relations with Ghana worsened, President Kwame Nkrumah began to perceive PM's teaching of constitutional law as a threat to his power, and she knew it was only a matter of time before she would be expelled from the country. This situation prodded her to look for opportunities to return to the U.S. as soon as possible. A little over a year after her arrival in Africa, PM arrived in New Haven, Conn., to pursue graduate studies at Yale Law School.

In the mid 1960s, PM served on the Committee on Civil and Political Rights, a study committee of the President's Commission on the Status of Women, earned a J.D.S. from Yale Law School, was a founding member of the National Organization for Women, and served as a vice-president and professor of political science at Benedict College in Columbia, S.C. In 1968 she secured a teaching position at Brandeis University (Waltham, Mass.), where she remained until the death of her close friend, Renee Barlow, in 1973.

PM, an Episcopalian, was deeply affected by the fact that, not being a priest, she had not been able to administer the last rites to her devout friend, and felt compelled to devote the remainder of her life to the church. In 1976 she received a Master of Divinity degree from General Theological Seminary in New York City. Her ordination in the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on January 8, 1977, was the first ordination of an African American woman as an Episcopal priest. Before her retirement in 1984, she served first as a priest at the Church of the Atonement in Washington, D.C. and later at the Church of the Holy Nativity in Baltimore.

In addition to her varied employment, PM was also a writer. Her poem, "Dark Testament," was first published in 1943, and later included in her collection, Dark Testament and Other Poems (1970). She was the author of four other books: States' Law on Race and Color (1951), Proud Shoes: The story of an American Family (1956), The Constitution and Government of Ghana (1961), and an autobiography, Song in a Weary Throat (published posthumously in 1987), as well as many articles.

From the guide to the Papers, 1827-1985, (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
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referencedIn Robert Freeman papers, 1950-1993, 1955-1963 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Biography Collection MS 393., 1771-1995, 1920-1970 Sophia Smith Collection
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referencedIn Papers of NOW officers, 1969-1976 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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referencedIn Paul A. Freund papers Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138
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referencedIn Papers, 1892-1990 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
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creatorOf Correspondence, 1939-1962. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
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referencedIn Papers, 1925-1972 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
creatorOf Martin B. Duberman papers, 1917-1992 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
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creatorOf Boyle, Sarah-Patton, 1906-. Papers of Sarah-Patton Boyle, 1949-1970. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Murray, Pauli, 1910-1985. Papers: Series V, 1939-1985 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Miller, Alice P. Papers, 1957-1978 (inclusive), 1976-78 (bulk). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Papers, 1883-1971, 1908-1971 (bulk) New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Records, 1967-1990 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
correspondedWith Abzug, Bella person
correspondedWith Adelene McBean person
correspondedWith Adelmond, Charlotte person
associatedWith Aileen C. Hernandez person
associatedWith Alexander, Dolores. person
associatedWith Alfreda James person
associatedWith Amberson, William Ruthrauff, b. 1894. person
associatedWith American Civil Liberties Union corporateBody
associatedWith American Civil Liberties Union. corporateBody
associatedWith Anderson, Marian person
associatedWith Armstrong, Barbara Nachtrieb, b. 1890. person
correspondedWith Arturo H. Smith person
correspondedWith Baah, Kwaku person
associatedWith Baah, Kwaku. person
associatedWith Baldwin, James, 1924- person
associatedWith Baldwin, James, 1924-1987. person
associatedWith Barlow, Irene, 1914-1973 person
associatedWith Barlow, Irene, 1914-1973. person
correspondedWith Bates, Daisy person
associatedWith Benedict College corporateBody
correspondedWith Benet, Stephen Vincent person
associatedWith Benét, Stephen Vincent, 1898-1943. person
associatedWith Benét, Stephen Vincent, 1898-1943 person
correspondedWith Berman, Harold J. person
correspondedWith Bernice Resnick Sandler person
correspondedWith Bigelow, Page Smith person
associatedWith Bigelow, Page Smith. person
associatedWith Bontemps, Arna Wendell, 1902-1073. person
associatedWith Bontemps, Arna Wendell, 1902-1973 person
associatedWith Boston N.O.W. corporateBody
associatedWith Boyle, Sarah-Patton, 1906- person
associatedWith Brandeis University corporateBody
employeeOf Brandeis University corporateBody
correspondedWith Brooke, Edward W. person
correspondedWith Brown, Ida person
associatedWith Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973 person
associatedWith Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973. person
associatedWith Bunting, Mary Ingraham, 1910- person
associatedWith Bunting, Mary Ingraham, 1910- person
correspondedWith Burrows, Vinnie person
associatedWith Casey Miller person
associatedWith Catherine East, 1916-1996 person
correspondedWith Chandra, Sunil person
associatedWith Charles Morton Dame person
correspondedWith Chute, Joy person
correspondedWith Clarence E. Scott person
associatedWith Conroy, Lynne. person
associatedWith Cooper, Felix person
correspondedWith Curry, Lilly person
correspondedWith Curtis, Helen person
associatedWith Cynthia Neverdon-Norton person
associatedWith Dame, Morton person
associatedWith Dame, Pauline Fitzgerald person
associatedWith Dame, Pauline Fitzgerald. person
associatedWith Delta Sigma Theta Sorority corporateBody
associatedWith Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. corporateBody
associatedWith Dolores Alexander corporateBody
correspondedWith Domingo, Wilfred person
correspondedWith Donald A. Small person
correspondedWith Donna Shalala person
associatedWith Dorothy Kenyon person
associatedWith Duberman, Martin B. person
associatedWith Eastwood, Mary O., 1930- person
correspondedWith Edward A. Cole person
correspondedWith Edward F. Chayter person
correspondedWith Edward K. Welsh person
associatedWith Elizabeth Fitzgerald person
associatedWith Emerson, Ruth person
associatedWith Emerson, Ruth. person
associatedWith Emerson, Thomas Irwin, 1907- person
associatedWith Emerson, Thomas I. (Thomas Irwin), 1907-1991. person
associatedWith Episcopal Church corporateBody
associatedWith Episcopal Women's Caucus corporateBody
associatedWith Episcopal Women's Caucus. corporateBody
associatedWith ESTHER (EGGERTSEN) PETERSON, 1906-1997 person
correspondedWith Farber, Beth person
correspondedWith Farians, Elizabeth person
associatedWith Fitzgerald family family
associatedWith Fitzgerald family. family
associatedWith Fitzgerald family. family
associatedWith Fitzgerald, Robert, 1840-1919. person
correspondedWith Foss, Sonja K. person
associatedWith Fox, Muriel person
associatedWith Frank, Adelaide Schulkind. person
associatedWith Frank, Walter, 1882-1969. person
associatedWith Freeman, Robert Turner, 1918-2001. person
associatedWith Friedan, Betty person
associatedWith Friedland, Ruth. person
correspondedWith Fuentes, Sonia Pressman person
associatedWith Fuentes, Sonia Pressman. person
associatedWith Fuller, Richard person
associatedWith Garrison, Lloyd K. person
associatedWith Garrison, Lloyd K. person
associatedWith General Theological Seminary (New York, N.Y.) corporateBody
associatedWith General Theological Seminary (New York, N.Y.) corporateBody
associatedWith GERDA LERNER, 1920- person
correspondedWith Goldstein, Ruth person
associatedWith Goldstein, Ruth M. person
associatedWith Goldstein, Ruth M. person
associatedWith Gooch, Wanda person
correspondedWith Granger, Lester person
correspondedWith Grevenberg, Beatrice Hammon person
associatedWith Hacker, Helen M. person
correspondedWith Harold O. Cox person
associatedWith Harper, Fowler person
correspondedWith Harris, Patricia, 1924-1985. person
associatedWith Harvard Law School Forum. corporateBody
associatedWith Hastie, William. person
associatedWith Hastie, William, 1904-1976 person
associatedWith Hastie, William, 1904-1976. person
correspondedWith Hedgeman, Anna Arnold person
associatedWith Heide, Wilma Scott, 1921-1985. person
correspondedWith Herbert Garfinkel person
correspondedWith Herson, Stella K. person
correspondedWith Hinshaw, Margaret person
alumnusOrAlumnaOf Howard University corporateBody
alumnusOrAlumnaOf Howard University corporateBody
associatedWith Hughes Langston, 1902-1967 person
associatedWith Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967. person
alumnusOrAlumnaOf Hunter College corporateBody
alumnusOrAlumnaOf Hunter College corporateBody
associatedWith International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. corporateBody
correspondedWith Isaacs, Harold R. person
correspondedWith Jefferson, Louise E. person
correspondedWith Jenks, Sallie Porter person
associatedWith Jerr, Bill person
associatedWith Jerr, William A. person
associatedWith Jerr, William A. person
correspondedWith John Ethophilus Gratten Small person
associatedWith John F. Kennedy person
correspondedWith Jones, Hector person
correspondedWith Jones, Joy Lawson person
correspondedWith Joseph R. Dickerson person
associatedWith JUSTINE (WISE) POLIER, 1903-1987 person
correspondedWith Kalashinikoff, Elizabeth Lawrence person
associatedWith Kalashnikoff, Elizabeth Lawrence person
associatedWith Kalashnikoff, Elizabeth Lawrence. person
correspondedWith Kelly, Mary person
associatedWith Kemp, James H. person
correspondedWith Kemp, Maida Springer person
associatedWith Kemp, Maida Springer. person
correspondedWith Koontz, Elizabeth Duncan person
correspondedWith Leonard, Angela person
associatedWith Lerner, Gerda, 1920- person
correspondedWith Lewis H. Murray person
associatedWith Lewis M. Steele person
associatedWith Lockwood, Helen Drusilla, 1891-1971. person
correspondedWith Lynette G. Pitter person
associatedWith MacDowell Colony corporateBody
associatedWith MacDowell Colony. corporateBody
associatedWith Mackay, Violet person
associatedWith MAIDA (STEWART) SPRINGER KEMP, 1910- person
correspondedWith Marguerite J. Tillar person
correspondedWith Marguerite Rawalt, 1895- person
associatedWith Marie Fitzgerald Jeffers person
associatedWith Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993 person
correspondedWith Mary Daly person
correspondedWith Mary Grace McFeely person
correspondedWith Mary Louise Stewart person
associatedWith Mary Ruffin Smith person
correspondedWith McDonald, Henry J. person
correspondedWith McIntyre, Mary Louise person
associatedWith Means, Gardiner C. (Gardiner Coit), 1896-1988. person
associatedWith Means, Gardiner Coit, 1896- person
correspondedWith Melvin C. Chestnut person
associatedWith Mildred Murray Fearing person
associatedWith Milgram, Morris, 1916- person
associatedWith Milgram, Morris, 1916- person
associatedWith Miller, Alice P. person
correspondedWith Miller, Catherine person
correspondedWith Mondale, Walter person
correspondedWith Moorman, Natalie person
associatedWith Mordeca Jane Pollock, 1941- person
correspondedWith Morris, Mary Lee (Fisher) person
associatedWith Murray family family
associatedWith Murray family. family
associatedWith Murray, Grace person
associatedWith Murray Pauli, 1910- person
associatedWith Myers, Lena Wright person
associatedWith National Association for the Advancement of Colored People corporateBody
associatedWith National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. corporateBody
associatedWith National Civil Rights Committee (U.S.). Howard University Chapter. corporateBody
associatedWith National Coalition for Research on Women's Education and Development. corporateBody
founderOf National Organization for Women. corporateBody
associatedWith Negro Peoples Committee. corporateBody
correspondedWith Nelson, David person
correspondedWith Parker, Mabel person
associatedWith Paul A. Freund person
associatedWith Pauli Murray, 1910-1985 person
associatedWith Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison corporateBody
associatedWith Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton, & Garrison. corporateBody
associatedWith Peterson, Esther, 1906-1997. person
associatedWith Polier, Justine Wise, 1903-1987. person
correspondedWith Pollock, Jane person
associatedWith Pollock, Mordeca Jane, 1941- person
correspondedWith Powell, B. Ruth person
associatedWith Powell, Ruth B. person
associatedWith Powell, Ruth B. person
correspondedWith Project on the Status and Education of Women (Association of American Colleges) person
associatedWith Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.) corporateBody
associatedWith Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia(Alexandria, Va.) corporateBody
associatedWith Rawalt, Marguerite, 1895- person
associatedWith Rayford Ellis person
correspondedWith Rebecca Hourwich Reyher person
associatedWith Reyneau, Betsy Graves person
correspondedWith Reynolds, Ruth person
associatedWith Richard Burton Fitzgerald person
correspondedWith Rickhab Chand Bohra person
correspondedWith Rightor, Henry H., Jr. person
correspondedWith Rinehardt, Mary Ellen T. person
associatedWith Roberta A. Fitzgerald person
associatedWith Robert G. Fitzgerald person
correspondedWith Robertson, Jay person
associatedWith Robert Williams Matter person
associatedWith Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972 person
associatedWith Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972. person
correspondedWith Rodman, Wilmot person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962 person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962. person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945 person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945. person
associatedWith Rupp, Leila J., 1950- person
correspondedWith Rustin, Bayard person
correspondedWith Ruth Goldstein person
correspondedWith Sampson, Edith person
associatedWith Sampson, Edith S. (Edith Spurlock), 1901?-1979. person
associatedWith Sampson, Edith Spurlock, 1901-1979 person
correspondedWith Sandler, Bernice person
associatedWith Sarah Ann Williams Fitzgerald person
correspondedWith Schindler-Rainman, Eva person
correspondedWith Shirley Ruth Kirschner person
correspondedWith Short, Grace person
associatedWith Sidney Smith person
associatedWith Simchak, Morag MacLeod person
associatedWith Smith family family
associatedWith Smith family. family
associatedWith Smith Lillian Eugenia, 1897-1966 person
associatedWith Smith, Lillian Eugenia, 1897-1966. person
correspondedWith Smith, Verna person
associatedWith Snelling, Paula person
associatedWith Snelling, Paula. person
correspondedWith Springer, Eric person
correspondedWith Steele, Anna person
associatedWith Stepanovich, Doris Sawyer person
correspondedWith Steven, Rosetta person
correspondedWith Stevenson, Adlai person
associatedWith Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965 person
associatedWith Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965. person
correspondedWith Stevens, Thelma person
correspondedWith Stone, Camdace person
correspondedWith Stone, Constance E. person
correspondedWith Sutherland, Arthur E., 1902-1973 person
associatedWith Swift, Kate person
correspondedWith Taylor, Isabel person
correspondedWith Trice, Josephine person
correspondedWith Tweed, Harrison person
correspondedWith United Religious Interfaith League corporateBody
associatedWith United States corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Committee on Fair Employment Practice. corporateBody
associatedWith United States. President's Commission on the Status of Women. corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Works Progress Administration. corporateBody
alumnusOrAlumnaOf University of California, Berkeley corporateBody
alumnusOrAlumnaOf University of California, Berkeley corporateBody
associatedWith University of North Carolina (1793-1962) corporateBody
associatedWith University of North Carolina, 1793-1962 corporateBody
correspondedWith Untermeyer, Jean Starr person
correspondedWith Urith B. Josiah person
associatedWith Vassar College. corporateBody
correspondedWith Vereen, Daphne person
correspondedWith Vohryzek, Laura Francesca person
correspondedWith Walker, Mozelle person
associatedWith Waller, Odell person
associatedWith Waller, Odell. person
correspondedWith Walls, Wuanda person
associatedWith Walser, Richard Gaither, 1908- person
correspondedWith Ware, Carolina F. person
associatedWith Ware, Caroline Farrar, 1899- person
associatedWith Ware, Caroline Farrar, 1899- person
associatedWith Washington Cathedral. corporateBody
correspondedWith Weinberg, Clara person
associatedWith West, Dorothy, 1909- person
correspondedWith Whaley, Elmer person
correspondedWith Whaley, Herman person
correspondedWith Wilkins, Roy. person
associatedWith William H. Brown III person
associatedWith William Murray, Jr. person
associatedWith Wilma Scott Heide, 1921-1985 person
correspondedWith Wilson, Margaret Bush person
correspondedWith Wolf, Max person
associatedWith Women's Equity Action League corporateBody
correspondedWith Women's Equity Action League corporateBody
correspondedWith Woodburn, Betty person
memberOf Workers' Defense League corporateBody
memberOf Workers' Defense League. corporateBody
associatedWith World Council of Churches corporateBody
associatedWith World Council of Churches. corporateBody
correspondedWith Worthy, N. Beatrice person
alumnusOrAlumnaOf Yale Law School corporateBody
correspondedWith Yardumian, Mona person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Baltimore MD US
Pittsburg PA US
Subject
American literature
Education
African American civil rights workers
African American civil rights workers
African American clergy
African American college administrators
African American universities and colleges
African American college students
African American college teachers
African American Episcopalians
African American families
African American lawyers
African American poets
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African American single people
African American student movements
African American teachers
African American women
African American women
African American women authors
African American women clergy
African American women poets
Afro
American
Associations, institutions, etc.
Women authors
Autobiographies
Black theology
Civil rights
Civil rights demonstrations
Civil rights workers
Constitutional law
Episcopalians
Equal rights amendments
Femininity
Feminism
Feminists
Feminist theology
Friendship
Gender identity
Ghanian students
Japanese Americans
Law
Lawyers
Minority women
Nonviolence
Ordination of women
Passive resistance
Poll tax
Race discrimination
Racism
Segregation in higher education
Segregation in transportation
Sermons, American
Sermons, American
Sex differences (Psychology)
Single women
Universities and colleges, Black
Women
Women
Women
Women
Women
Women
Women civil rights workers
Women clergy
Women college administrators
Women lawyers
Women's rights
Occupation
African American women civil rights workers
Authors
Clergy
College administrators
Lawyers
Poets
Activity

Person

Birth 1910-11-20

Death 1985-07-01

Americans

English

Information

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