Woman's rights collection, 1853-1958

Morris, Esther Hobart, 1814-1902

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f58g80 (person)

Esther Morris, a key figure in Wyoming's woman suffrage movement, was born in Tioga County, New York. In 1841, Morris married Artemus Slack; they had one son. Widowed in 1845, Morris moved to Peru, Illinois, where she married John Morris. In 1869 the family moved to the gold rush camp of South Pass City in the Wyoming Territory. There, Morris helped to influence legislator William H. Bright to introduce a woman suffrage bill, which passed on December 10, 1869, and was signed into law shortly the...

Blackwell, Elizabeth, 1821-1910

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gc2x4p (person)

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in Bristol, England, in 1821 to a politically outspoken father committed to fairness among his male and female children. In 1832, Samuel Blackwell moved his family to the United States in part for financial reasons but also to participate in the abolitionist movement. Two of his daughters would grow up to continue this fight against slavery and to work towards women's rights, specifically in the area of women in medicine. After years of struggling to be taken ...

Allen, Florence Ellinwood, 1884-1966

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6n40pt4 (person)

Florence Ellinwood Allen (March 23, 1884 – September 12, 1966) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. She was the first woman to serve on a state supreme court and one of the first two women to serve as a United States federal judge. In 2005, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Allen was born on March 23, 1884, in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of Clarence Emir Allen Sr., a mine manager, and later United States R...

Addams, Jane, 1860-1935

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jr1sc6 (person)

Social reformer; founder of Hull House settlement, Chicago. From the description of Letter: Hull-House, Chicago, to Louis J. Keller, Chicago, 1912 May 13. (Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library). WorldCat record id: 26496308 From the description of Letter: Hull-House, Chicago, to Paul M. Angle, Springfield, Ill., 1932 June 24. (Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library). WorldCat record id: 26496294 Founder of Hull House in Chicago. From the description of Cor...

Barton, Clara, 1821-1912

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61d2p9b (person)

Civil War nurse, suffragist, and founder of the American Red Cross Clarissa Harlow Barton was born in North Oxford, MA, on December 25, 1821, the fifth and last child of Stephen and Sarah (Stone) Barton. She was a shy and lonely child, and for two years at the age of eleven she devoted her time to nursing her brother David during a protracted illness, an experience which later affected her life's work. At eighteen she began to teach in neighboring schools. In 1850 she spent a year at the Libe...

United States. Department of Labor

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The United States Department of Labor (DOL) is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government, responsible for occupational safety and health, wage and hour standards, unemployment benefits, reemployment services, and occasionally, economic statistics. Many U.S. states also have such departments. The Department of Labor is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor. The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster, promote, and develop the well being of the wage earners, job seekers,...

League of Women Voters (U.S.)

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The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonprofit organization in the United States that was formed to help women take a larger role in public affairs after they won the right to vote. It was founded in 1920 to support the new women suffrage rights and was a merger of National Council of Women Voters, founded by Emma Smith DeVoe, and National American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Carrie Chapman Catt, approximately six months before the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution g...

Pinkham, Wenona Osborne, 1882-1930

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kx66qk (person)

Wenona Osborne was born in 1882, probably in the midwest. Her family traveled by "prairie schooner" to the plains of Colorado when WO was five. After her father died, perhaps while she was in high school, she became the chief financial support for her mother, three brothers, and a sister. While teaching in the Denver public schools, she earned a B.A. from the University of Denver. She married Henry W. Pinkham, a Unitarian minister and pacifist, in about 1911; they moved to Massachu...

Pitman, Mira H. (Almira Hollander), 1854-1939

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vf7q5n (person)

Chairman of Ways and Means Committee, MWSA; Hawaiian Suffrage Almira Pitman, nee Hollander, was born in Massachusetts in 1854 to Jacob Louis and Maria Theresa Hollander, founders of L. P. Hollander & Co, a successful women's clothing retailer. In 1875, she married the wealthy merchant Benjamin F. Pitman, and henceforth became commonly known as Mrs. Benjamin F. Pitman, but she also went by Almira Pitman and her nickname Mira H. Pitman. The couple had two sons: Benjamin and Theodore Baldwin Pit...

Page, Mary H. (Mary Hutcheson), 1860-1940

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60686nx (person)

Mary Hutcheson Page was an American Suffragist from Brookline, Massachusetts. She was a member and leader of suffrage organizations at both the state and national levels, wrote on the subject of suffrage for a variety of publications. She worked with other American suffragists Carrie Chapman Catt and Susan B. Anthony. Mary Hutcheson Page was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1860. Her parents were Lucretia Deshler Hutcheson and Joseph Hutcheson, a banker. From ages nine to fourteen, Page lived in Eu...

Hay, Mary Garrett, 1857-1928

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6pw7b34 (person)

Mary "Mollie" Garrett Hay (August 29, 1857 – August 29, 1928) was an American suffragist, community organizer, and president of the Women's City Club of New York, the Woman Suffrage Party and the New York Equal Suffrage League. Hay was known for creating woman's suffrage groups across the country. She was also close to the notable suffragist, Carrie Chapman Catt, with one contemporary, Rachel Foster Avery, stating that Hay "really loves" Catt. Hay was born in Charlestown, Indiana, in 1857. He...

Barron, Jennie L. (Jennie Loitman), 1891-1969

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67t8df3 (person)

Jennie Loitman Barron (October 12, 1891 – March 28, 1969) was an American suffragist, lawyer, and judge. She was the first woman to present evidence to a Grand Jury in Massachusetts and the first to prosecute major criminal cases. She was the first woman judge appointed for life to the Municipal Court in Boston (1937), and the first woman appointed to the Massachusetts Superior Court (1959). Jennie Loitman Barron was born in Boston to Jewish Russian immigrant parents. She attended Girls' High...

Gardener, Helen H. (Helen Hamilton), 1853-1925

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sk2b89 (person)

Helen Hamilton Gardener (1853–1925), born Alice Chenoweth, was an American author, rationalist public intellectual, political activist, and government functionary. Gardener produced many lectures, articles, and books during the 1880s and 1890s and is remembered today for her role in the freethought and women's suffrage movements and for her place as a pioneering woman in the top echelon of the American civil service. Alice Chenoweth, best remembered by her pen name, Helen Hamilton Gardener, w...

Luscomb, Florence, 1887-1985

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Florence Hope Luscomb, social and political activist, was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, on February 6, 1887, the daughter of Otis and Hannah Skinner (Knox) Luscomb. With an S.B. in architecture (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1909), she worked as an architect until 1917, when she became executive secretary for the Boston Equal Suffrage Association. She held positions in the Massachusetts Civic League and other organizations and agencies until 1933, when she became a full-ti...

College Equal Suffrage League (1900-1920)

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In 1900, suffragists Maud Wood Park and Inez Haynes (later Irwin) founded the first College Equal Suffrage League in Boston. During the following decade, Park travelled across Massachusetts and then the United States founding branches, intending to persuade recent college alumnae to take an interest in suffrage work. The hope was that the alumnae would provide the suffrage ranks with younger members and interest current college women in the cause. MWP believed that college women be...

Breckinridge, Sophonisba P. (Sophonisba Preston), 1866-1948

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Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge (April 1, 1866 – July 30, 1948) was an American activist, Progressive Era social reformer, social scientist and innovator in higher education. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in political science and economics then the J.D. at the University of Chicago, and she was the first woman to pass the Kentucky bar. In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent her as a delegate to the 7th Pan-American Conference in Uruguay, making her the first woman to represent t...

Loines, Mary Hillard, 1844-1944

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Mary Hillard Loines (4 May 1844 - 1 April 1944) was a suffragist and civic worker, the daughter of writer Harriet Low. Mary Hillard Loines was born on 4 May 1844 in London, England, to American-born parents John Hillard and Harriet Low, who had emigrated to England soon after they married. The family returned to America in 1848, settling in Brooklyn, New York. For a period following the Civil War, Hillard worked as a teacher for the National Freedmen's Relief Association, helping to educate t...

Anthony, Susan B. (Susan Brownell), 1820-1906

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Susan B. Anthony (born Susan Anthony; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1851, she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activ...

Lenroot, Katharine F. (Katharine Frederica), 1891-1982

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Katharine F. Lenroot, child welfare leader and the third Chief of the United States Children's Bureau (1934-1951) was born in Superior, Wisconsin on March 8, 1891 to Irvin Luther and Clara C. Lenroot. From early on, her father's political career made Lenroot aware of social and political issues. Admitted to the bar in 1898, Irvine was elected to the Wisconsin state legislature in 1901. After his service in Wisconsin until 1907, he was elected to the national House of Repre...

Coe, Evelyn Peverly, 1881-1966

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Isabella Evelyn Peverley was born to Ralph Peverley and Caroline Lodge Peverley on October 14, 1881 in Delaware. Her parents had social connections to Philadelphia and Quebec. In 1900, she married West Point graduate Arthur Penhram Stanly Hyde, whom she divorced shortly after meeting Richard Davenport Coe in 1906. She married Coe, a Massachusetts native, in 1906 and the couple moved to Massachusetts, though Coe worked for a Boston-based company in Puerto Rico. Evelyn Coe was involved in sever...

Irwin, Inez Haynes, 1873-1970

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xj0gpg (person)

Inez Haynes Gillmore was a suffragist, activist and writer, and the wife of Will Irwin. From the description of The adventure of California : typescript, [19--]. (University of California, Berkeley). WorldCat record id: 214983819 Inez Haynes Irwin (March 2, 1873 – September 25, 1970) was an American feminist author, journalist, member of the National Women's Party, and president of the Authors Guild. Many of her works were published under her former name Inez Haynes Gillmore...

Bird, Anna Julia Child, 1856-1942

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Anna Julia Child was born on January 12, 1856 in Worcester County, Massachusetts to Elisha Norwin Child and Elizabeth Humphrey Martin. She attended public school, at Oreall Institute in Worcester, and then boarded at Miss Putnam's School in Boston. Child married Charles Sumner Bird on October 19, 1880. He was a graduate of Harvard, class of 1877, and owned one of the nation's largest paper manufacturing firms, F.W. Bird & Son. He was a leading figure in the political life of Massachusetts, and a...

Stantial, Edna Lamprey, 1897-1985

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Edna Lamprey Stantial (1897-1985) was an American suffragist and archivist. Edna Frances Lamprey was born in 1897 in Reading, Massachusetts. Her parents were Mollie McClelland Stantial and Frank Stantial. She attended Melrose High School and graduated in 1913. She attended Burdette College, a now defunct business school in Massachusetts, where she was certified as a secretary in 1914. She served as a secretary at the Economic Club of Boston from 1914 until 1916. On June 8, 1918, Stantial marr...

Crowley, Teresa A. O'Leary, 1874-1930

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Chairman, Legislative Committee, Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association Teresa A. O'Leary was born one of seven children in Wakefield, Massachusetts in 1874. She served many roles throughout her life: wife, mother, lawyer, actress, and suffragist. Known for her erudite nature, Teresa spent much of her time studying Latin with her brother -who attended Harvard Medical School- and reading about law at the Boston Public Library. She worked as a secretary at a prominent law firm in Boston after...

Johnson, Ethel McLean, 1882-1978

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Ethel McLean Johnson was born in Brownfield, Maine. She graduated from Gorham State Normal School, studied library science at Simmons College, earned her B.A. at Boston University, and did graduate work at the American University in Washington, D.C. She gained recognition as an author of monographs, essays, dramas, and articles besides being an outstanding poet. She also published a book of political doggerel. She held many important government positions and served on boards, committees, and com...

McCormick, Katharine Dexter, 1876-1967

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s866vp (person)

Katharine Dexter McCormick (August 27, 1875 – December 28, 1967) was a U.S. suffragist, philanthropist and, after her husband's death, heir to a substantial part of the McCormick family fortune. She funded most of the research necessary to develop the first birth control pill. Katharine Dexter was born on August 27, 1875, in Dexter, Michigan, in her grandparents' mansion, Gordon Hall, and grew up in Chicago where her father, Wirt Dexter, was a prominent lawyer. Following the early death of he...

Ames, Blanche Ames, 1878-1969

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f010t0 (person)

Blanche Ames Ames (February 18, 1878 – March 2, 1969) was an American artist, political activist, inventor, writer, and prominent supporter of women's suffrage and birth control. Born Blanche Ames in Lowell, Massachusetts, Ames was the daughter of Adelbert Ames, a West Point graduate who became a Civil War General and Mississippi Governor, and Blanche Butler Ames, who attended the Academy of the Visitation and enjoyed painting and the arts. The fourth of six children, she was the sister of Ad...

Johnson, Grace Allen Fitch, 1871-1952

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66f6jj7 (person)

Grace Allen Johnson, educator, suffragist, civic reformer, internationalist, and lecturer, was born on September 29, 1871, in Maples, Ind., the fourth of the five daughters of Elizabeth Harriet (Bennett) and Appleton Howe Fitch, both from New England. Among her sisters was the well-known children's author and illustrator Lucy (Fitch) Perkins. The family lived in Indiana and Michigan, settling for a time in Kalamazoo; they returned to Hopkinton, Mass. (ancestral home of the Howe and...

Park, Maud Wood, 1871-1955

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6p953f3 (person)

Maud Wood Park (January 25, 1871 – May 8, 1955) was an American suffragist and women's rights activist. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1887 she graduated from St. Agnes School in Albany, New York, after which she taught for eight years before attending Radcliffe College. While there she married Charles Edward Park. She graduated from Radcliffe, where she was one of only two students who supported suffrage for women, in 1898. In 1900 she attended the National American Women Suffrage...

Brown, Dorothy Kirchwey, 1888-1981

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gv6cpk (person)

Dorothy Browning Kirchwey was born in Albany, New York, on September 3, 1888, to Dora Child Wendell and George Washington Kirchwey. She was one of four children: Mary Fredericka "Freda" (1893-1976), Karl (1885?-1943) and George Washington (1897?-1905). The elder George Washington Kirchwey (1855-1942) was a noted criminologist, law professor, and dean at Albany Law School and Columbia Law School, as well as a New York State commissioner on prison reform and warden at the Sing Sing state prison in...

Sherwin, Belle, 1868-1955

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hn60xd (person)

Belle Sherwin was born on March 20, 1868 in Cleveland, Ohio. She was the oldest of three daughters of Frances M. (Smith) and Henry Alden Sherwin, a founder of the Sherwin-Williams Paint Company. BS received her primary education in Cleveland, attended St. Margaret's School in Connecticut and graduated from Wellesley College in 1890. She taught history for a short period at St. Margaret's and in 1894-1895 did graduate work at Oxford University. For the next several years she taught ...

Dewson, Mary (Molly) Williams, 1874-1962

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nt1kds (person)

From the guide to the Papers, 1893-1962, (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute) Mary ("Molly") Williams Dewson (February 18, 1874 - October 21, 1962) was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, to Edward Henry Dewson and Elizabeth Weld (Williams) Dewson. After earning her A.B. degree from Wellesley College (1897), Dewson was hired as secretary of the Domestic Reform Committee of the Women's Educational and Industrial Union in Boston. She left this position in 1900 ...

Clarke, James Freeman, 1810-1888

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68f0mp6 (person)

James Freeman Clarke (April 4, 1810 – June 8, 1888) was an American theologian and author. Born in Hanover, New Hampshire, on April 4, 1810, James Freeman Clarke was the son of Samuel Clarke and Rebecca Parker Hull, though he was raised by his grandfather James Freeman, minister at King's Chapel in Boston, Massachusetts. He attended the Boston Latin School, and later graduated from Harvard College in 1829, and Harvard Divinity School in 1833. Ordained into the Unitarian church he first became...

Kelley, Florence, 1859-1932

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hb9wdg (person)

Florence Kelley (A.B., Cornell, 1882) was born in Philadelphia. In 1884 she married Lazare Wischnewetzky; they had three children. In 1891 Kelley divorced him, reclaimed her maiden name, and became a resident of Chicago's Hull-House. In 1892 the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics hired her to investigate the "sweating" system in the garment industry and the federal commissioner of labor asked her to participate in a survey of city slums. Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld later...

Stone, Lucy, 1818-1893

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wr0tw2 (person)

Lucy Stone (b. Aug. 13, 1818, West Brookfield, MA–d. Oct. 18, 1893, Boston, MA) was born to parents Hannah Matthews and Francis Stone. At age 16, Stone began teaching in district schools always earning far less money than men. In 1847, she became the first woman in Massachusetts to earn a college degree from Oberlin College. After college, Stone began her career with the Garrisonian Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society and began giving public speeches on women's rights. In the fall of 1847, with...

Tilton, Elizabeth, 1869-1950

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Elizabeth (Hewes) Tilton, Unitarian feminist and temperance crusader, was born on March 13, 1869, in Salem, Massachusetts, the daughter of Eleanor Fox (Jewett) and James Tracy Hewes. She attended Radcliffe College in 1887-1888. On January 10, 1911 she married William F. Tilton of Cambridge. She died on March 17, 1950, after a long illness, at her winter home in Winter Park, Florida. Beginning in 1911 and until failing health curtailed her activities in the mid-'30's, E...

Upton, Harriet Taylor, 1853-1945

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6p66cj3 (person)

Suffragist and author Harriet Taylor Upton (1853-1945) was born in Ravenna, Ohio. Upon her father's election to Congress in 1880, she moved to Washington, D.C., where she developed a close acquaintance with national Republican leaders and came in contact with leading suffragists. In 1890 Harriet Upton joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association, serving as treasurer from 1894-1910. In addition, she was president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association (1899-1908 and 1911-19...

Van Kleeck, Mary, 1883-1972

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sz748h (person)

Mary Abby Van Kleeck was born on June 26, 1883, in Glenham, New York, to Eliza Mayer and Episcopalian minister Robert Boyd Van Kleeck. (Mary van Kleeck changed the capitalization of her last name in the 1920s.) Following her father''s death in 1892, her family moved to Flushing, New York, where she attended Flushing High School. She earned an A.B. from Smith College in 1904. In the fall of 1905 she began working as a fellow for the College Settlement Association on New York''s Lower East Side, w...

Wambaugh, Sarah, 1882-1955

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xq7w19 (person)

An instructor in history and government, and an expert in international affairs, Wambaugh was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the daughter of Eugene and Betty Wambaugh, and earned degrees from Radcliffe College (A.B. 1902, A.M. 1917). She was an advisor to the Peruvian government for the Tacna-Arica Plebiscite (1925-1926), to the Saar Plebiscite Commission (1934-35), to the American observers of the Greek national elections (1945-1946) and to the U.N. Plebiscite Commission to Jamma and K...

Sleeper, Mary P. (Mary Peet), 1867-1950

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Wells, Marguerite M. (Marguerite Milton), 1872-1959

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6650dt4 (person)

Wells, a suffrage leader, was president of the Minnesota League of Women Voters (1922-1932) and president of the National league (1934-1944). From the description of Papers, 1895-1959 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232006894 ...

White, Martha E. Davis, 1863-1944

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Willard, Emma, 1787-1870

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American educator; founder of the Emman Willard School for girls. From the description of Letters of Emma Willard [manuscript], 1818-1861. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647996500 Note: The following chronology was prepared by Lucy Townsend and Barbara Wiley for The Papers of Emma Hart Willard, 1787-1870. Guide to the Microfilm Edition . It is based on Emma Willard's memoir addressed to Professor Coggswell (1842), as well as her corr...

Willard, Frances E. (Frances Elizabeth), 1839-1898

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kf2p0m (person)

Best known for her leadership (1879-1898) of the influential Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Willard also supported and often spearheaded a wide variety of social reforms, including woman suffrage, economic equality, and fair labor laws. Willard gained an international reputation through her speeches and publications. She was the first woman to be honored with a statue in the U.S Capitol building, and her Evanston home was one of the first house museums to in the country. ...

Willard, Mabel Caldwell, 1862-1940

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Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924

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Woodrow Wilson (b. Thomas Woodrow Wilson, December 28, 1856, Staunton, Virginia-d.February 3, 1924, Washington, D.C.), was the twenty-eight President of the United States, 1913-1921; Governor of New Jersey, 1911-1913; and president of Princeton University, 1902-1910. Biographical Note 1856, Dec. 28 Born, Staunton, Va. 1870 ...

Evans, Elizabeth Glendower, 1856-1937

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6r60fv9 (person)

Social reformer Elizabeth Glendower Evans was involved in prison reform, support of striking workers, the Massachusetts campaign for the first minimum wage act for women, the movement for women's suffrage, and peace. She was a contributing editor and financial supporter of La Follette's Magazine and the Progressive, and national director of the American Civil Liberties Union (1920-1937). From the description of Papers, 1859-1944 (inclusive), 1882-1944 (bulk). (Harvard University...

Adams, Abigail, 1744-1818

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6z14062 (person)

Hailed for her now-famous admonition that the Founding Fathers “remember the ladies” in their new laws, Abigail Adams was not only an early advocate for women’s rights, she was a vital confidant and advisor to her husband John Adams, the nation’s second president. She opposed slavery and supported women’s education. Born to a prominent family in Weymouth, Massachusetts on November 11, 1744, Adams’ father, Reverend William Smith, was part of a prestigious ministerial community within the Congr...

Brown, Gertrude Foster, 1867-1956

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Gertrude (Foster) Brown was born in Morrison, Illinois, on July 29, 1867, to Charles Foster and Anna (Drake) Foster. Musical as a child, Brown studied piano at home and then entered the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, graduating in August 1885 after completing the four-year course in two years. She taught piano for a year at a private school in Dayton, Ohio, then studied in Berlin with Xaver Scharwenka and in Paris with Delaborde. She made her professional debut as a pianist with th...

United States. Children's Bureau

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Perkins, Frances, 1880-1965

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Frances Perkins (born Fannie Coralie Perkins; April 10, 1880 – May 14, 1965) was an American sociologist and workers-rights advocate who served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, the longest serving in that position, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend, Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR), she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition. She and Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes were the only original members of the Rooseve...

National Woman's Party

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National Woman’s Party (NWP), formerly (1913–16) Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, American political party that in the early part of the 20th century employed militant methods to fight for an Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Formed in 1913 as the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, the organization was headed by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns. Its members had been associated with the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), but their insistence that woman suffr...

McCulloch, Catharine Waugh, 1862-1945

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Catharine Gouger Waugh McCulloch (June 4, 1862 – April 20, 1945) was an American lawyer, suffragist, and reformer. She actively lobbied for women's suffrage at the local, state, and national levels as a leader in the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, Chicago Political Equality League, and National American Woman Suffrage Association. She was the first woman elected Justice of the Peace in Illinois. Born in 1862 in Ransomville, New York as Catherine Gouger Waugh, she entered Rockford Colleg...

Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910

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Julia Ward Howe, née Julia Ward, (born May 27, 1819, New York, New York, U.S.—died October 17, 1910, Newport, Rhode Island), American author and lecturer best known for her “Battle Hymn of the Republic.” Julia Ward came of a well-to-do family and was educated privately. In 1843 she married educator Samuel Gridley Howe and took up residence in Boston. Always of a literary bent, she published her first volume of poetry, Passion Flowers, in 1854; this and subsequent works—including a poetry collec...

Foster, Abby Kelley, 1811-1887

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Abby Kelley Foster (January 15, 1811 – January 14, 1887) was an American abolitionist and radical social reformer active from the 1830s to 1870s. She became a fundraiser, lecturer and committee organizer for the influential American Anti-Slavery Society, where she worked closely with William Lloyd Garrison and other radicals. She married fellow abolitionist and lecturer Stephen Symonds Foster, and they both worked for equal rights for women and for Africans enslaved in the Americas. Foster wa...

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 1860-1935

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Charlotte Perkins Stetson Gilman (1860-1935) was the leading public intellectual of the women’s movement in the early 20th century. Born into the prestigious Beecher family, she struggled through a lonely childhood and disastrous marriage, which caused a nervous breakdown. Her mental health returned once she separated from her husband; she later gave him custody of their young daughter, and he had a happy second marriage to one of her close friends. She moved to California, and threw herself int...

Livermore, Mary A. (Mary Ashton), 1820-1905

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Mary Livermore, born Mary Ashton Rice, (December 19, 1820 – May 23, 1905) was an American journalist, abolitionist, and advocate of women's rights. When the American Civil War broke out, she became connected with the United States Sanitary Commission, headquarters at Chicago, performing a vast amount of labor of all kinds—organizing auxiliary societies, visiting hospitals and military posts, contributing to the press, answering correspondence, and other things incident to the work done by tha...

Grimké, Sarah Moore, 1792-1873

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zd8s40 (person)

Even though Sarah Moore Grimké was shy, she often spoke in front of large crowds with her sister Angelina. The two sisters became the first women to speak in front of a state legislature as representatives of the American Anti-Slavery Society. They also became active writers and speakers for women’s rights. Their ideas were so different from most of the ideas in the community that people burned their writings and angry mobs protested their speeches. However, Grimké and her sister would not let t...

Garrison, Edith Alice Stephanson.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6157cp1 (person)

Gordon, Kate M., 1861-1932.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63p1pxd (person)

Kate M. Gordon (14 July 1861– 24 August 1932) was an American suffragist, civic leader, and one of the leading advocates of women's voting rights in the Southern United States. Gordon was the organizer of the Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference and directed the 1918 campaign for woman suffrage in the state of Louisiana, the first such statewide effort in the American South. ...

Fitzgerald, Susan W. (Susan Walker), 1871-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6002x16 (person)

Hutchinson, Anne, 1591-1643

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6ks7zbr (person)

Bushnell, Katherine C.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68s7kpw (person)

Woman's Suffrage Bazaar Association.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66j0hmg (corporateBody)

The Woman's Suffrage Bazaar Association was organized by members of the New England Woman Suffrage Association to raise money for NEWSA's activities. Julia Ward Howe was WSBA's president during the planning for the second bazaar, held December 11-22, 1871, at the Music Hall in Boston (Mass.). The bazaar consisted of three days of entertainment and a week-long fair. Various suffrage organizations sponsored tables with information and publications; there were also tables where such items as clothe...

Sewall, Samuel E. (Samuel Edmund), 1799-1888

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62f83dk (person)

Brent, Margaret, approximately 1601-1670

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sv0jdk (person)

Du Pont, Zara, 1869-1946

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sn12xt (person)

Robinson, Harriet Jane Hanson, 1825-1911

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6k072jr (person)

Harriet Jane Hanson Robinson was an author (Loom and Spindle, 1898, etc.), women's suffrage leader, anti-slavery movement supporter, and promoter of women's clubs. She began working in a Lowell mill at the age of 10, and wrote for the Lowell Offering, where one of her poems caught the attention of William Stevens Robinson, an editor at the Lowell Courier. They were married in 1848. For further information see Notable American Women (1971). From the description of Papers, 1847-1872 (i...

Shaw, Pauline A. (Pauline Agassiz), 1841-1917

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6254cjd (person)

Pauline Agassiz Shaw was an educational philanthropist in Boston. For biographical information, see Notable American Women, 1607-1950 (1971). From the description of Letter, 1893. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007451 ...

Blackwell, Henry Browne, 1825-1909

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6571dkr (person)

Cambridge Public School Association.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66q7xcp (corporateBody)

In 1915 the Cambridge (Mass.) Public School Association (CPSA) encouraged women to register and to vote in both the February primaries and December general election for school committee. Working with the Women's Campaign Committee, the CPSA endorsed a slate for the general election that included two women, Florence Lee Whitman (incumbent) and Mary H. Winslow. Both groups believed that the recently expanded school committee should include at least two women; it had previously included only one. T...

Bradwell, Myra, 1831-1894

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cg265j (person)

First female attorney in Illinois; established and edited Chicago Legal News; admitted to practice before U.S. Supreme Court, 1892. From the description of Letter: Chicago, [Ill.], to John M. Palmer, 1870 Jan. 22. (Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library). WorldCat record id: 27418166 First female attorney in Illinois; established and edited Chicago Legal News; admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1892. From the description of James and Myra Bradwell ...

Catt, Carrie Chapman, 1859-1947

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6hr4p19 (person)

Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, suffragist, early feminist, political activist, and Iowa State alumna (1880), was born on January 9, 1859 in Ripon, Wisconsin to Maria Clinton and Lucius Lane. At the close of the Civil War, the Lanes moved to a farm near Charles City, Iowa where they remained throughout their lives. Carrie entered Iowa State College in 1877 completing her work in three years. She graduated at the top of her class and while in Ames established military drills for women, became the first...

Blackwell, Alice Stone, 1857-1950

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zc88pm (person)

Daughter of suffrage leaders Lucy Stone and Henry Browne Blackwell, Alice Stone Blackwell joined her parents in writing and editing the Woman's Journal. For additional biographical information, see Notable American Women, 1607-1950 (1971). From the description of Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1885-1950 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008749 Editor, The woman's journal and suffrage news. From the description of Letter, 1920 Apr...

Clark, Sue Ainslee.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b884gn (person)

Ames, Oakes, 1874-1950

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6w67961 (person)

Born in North Easton, Massachusetts on September 26, 1874, Oakes Ames was the son of Massachusetts Governor Oliver Ames. He received a bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1898, followed by a master's degree in 1900. Ames had a lengthy and distinguished career as a botanist, including serving as supervisor of the Arnold Arboretum from 1927-1937 and as the Arboretum's second director from 1937 to 1945. He was also a professor of botany at Harvard University. Ames died in Ormond, Florida on April 30,...

Permanent Court of International Justice

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6100vbz (corporateBody)

Mead, Lucia True Ames, 1856-1936

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vq3r4v (person)

Pacifist and suffragist, Mead devoted much of her life to social reform. She served as president of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association (1903-1909) and supported many other organizations, including the Women's Municipal League, the Women's Educational and Industrial Union (Boston), the Consumers' League, the NAACP, and the American Civil Liberties Union. She was also vice president of the National Council for the Prevention of War, a director of the American Peace Society, and secretary...

Cambridge Political Equality Association.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63z46cb (corporateBody)

Foley, Margaret Urbas

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6fz059m (person)

Stanley, Louise, 1883-1954

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6m9341r (person)

Beatley, Clara Bancroft, 1858-1923

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6x364ks (person)

Shaw, Anna Howard, 1847-1919

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q05zwg (person)

Anna Howard Shaw (February 14, 1847 – July 2, 1919) was a leader of the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She was also a physician and one of the first ordained female Methodist ministers in the United States. Born in northern England in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1847, her family left England and immigrated to the United States. In their new country, the Shaws made several moves. After settling in the bustling port city of New Bedford, Massachusetts, they uprooted again, this time ...

National American Woman Suffrage Association

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mw6c23 (corporateBody)

Formed in 1890 by the merger of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association. From the description of National American Woman Suffrage Association records, 1839-1961 bulk (1890-1930). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70979907 The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was formed in 1890 with the merger of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association. NAWSA fought for complete political ...

Forbes, Rose Dabney, 1864-1947

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rj5756 (person)

Claflin, Adelaide Avery, 1846-1931.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xk97k0 (person)

Claflin began lecturing on woman suffrage in 1883 and appeared with Lucy Stone, Mary Livermore, and Julia Ward Howe. A Unitarian minister ordained at Meadville, Pa., in 1897, she was on the executive board of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association and a member of the Boston Equal Suffrage League. Claflin published articles and editorials in the Boston newspapers and in the Woman's Journal; she was also a member of the Quincy School Committee and the Boston Castilian Club, which promoted in...

Blair, Emily Newell, 1877-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69040p3 (person)

Emily Newell Blair was a suffragist, feminist, Democratic Party official, mother and writer. During World War I she worked in the press department of the Missouri Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense, eventually becoming vice chair. Representing Missouri on the Democratic National Committee, Blair was chosen national vice chair responsible for organizing women voters and women's activities, and eventually rose to first vice president, organized 2,000 plus Democratic women's clubs...

Fall, Anna Christy, 1855-1930.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mh0k4d (person)

Schofield, Emma Fall, 1885-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62v59pn (person)

International Labour Office.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6md2t41 (corporateBody)

League of Nations

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6fj69gn (corporateBody)

New Hampshire Woman Suffrage Association.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66m96kd (corporateBody)

Bowles, Ada Chastina Burpee, 1836-1928.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6699z34 (person)

Roche, Josephine A. (Josephine Aspinwall), 1886-1976

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67s986b (person)

Director of the Foreign Language Information Service, Josephine Aspinwall Roche (1886-1976) was educated at Vassar and Columbia University. Before coming to the Service, she was chief probation officer and director of girls' work in the Denver (Colorado) juvenile court, inspector of amusements and policewomen in Denver, and special investigator for the National Consumers' League. The FLIS served sixteen nationality groups; its purpose was to interpret America to the immigrants and vice versa. It...

Mansfield, Bella, 1846-1911.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6x956z7 (person)

Blackwell, Antoinette Louisa Brown, 1825-1921

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61p8q7w (person)

Antoinette Louisa Brown, later Antoinette Brown Blackwell (May 20, 1825 – November 5, 1921), was the first woman to be ordained as a mainstream Protestant minister in the United States. She was a well-versed public speaker on the paramount issues of her time and distinguished herself from her contemporaries with her use of religious faith in her efforts to expand women's rights. Brown was born the youngest of seven in Henrietta, New York, to Joseph Brown and Abby Morse. Brown was recognized as...

Woman Suffrage Party of Cambridge (Mass.)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66x59sx (corporateBody)

International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Conference

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6ht7rst (corporateBody)

Carrie Chapman Catt, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, invited representatives of suffrage societies from other countries to NAWSA's 1902 annual convention in Washington. Representatives from ten countries decide to form a loose international union, which formally became the International Woman Suffrage Alliance at the second meeting, held in Berlin two years later. IWSA, which later became the International Alliance of Women, held its "First Quinquennial IWSA Meetin...

Martineau, Harriet, 1802-1876

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nz8904 (person)

Harriet Martineau, English novelist, economist, and social reformer. From the guide to the Harriet Martineau manuscript material : 11 items, ca. 1834-1861, (The New York Public Library. Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle.) English author and traveler. From the description of Autograph letter signed : Stockbridge, Massachusetts, to Judge Joseph Story, [1836] May 5. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270871427 Harriet Martineau, journalis...

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6d83477 (corporateBody)

WILPF developed out of the International Women's Congress against World War I that took place in The Hague, Netherlands, in 1915 and the formation of the International Women's Committee of Permanent Peace; the name WILPF was not chosen until 1919. The first WILPF president, Jane Addams, had previously founded the Woman's Peace Party in the United States, in January 1915, this group later became the US section of WILPF. Along with Jane Addams, Marian Cripps and Margaret E. Dungan were also foundi...

Bagley, Grace Hodges, 1860-1944.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69k765v (person)

Bagley devoted much of her life to social welfare. While living in Chicago, she was an early worker at Hull House, helped organize the first juvenile court and the first day nursery for children of working mothers and widowed fathers in Chicago, and helped educate immigrants for citizenship. In Massachusetts, she served as president of the Equal Suffrage Association of the 10th Norfolk District, director of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association, congressional chairman for Massachusetts for the N...

Lathrop, Julia Clifford, 1858-1932

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6c5410w (person)

Social worker and reformer, Julia Clifford Lathrop was the first head of the United States Children's Bureau. From the description of Letter, 1926. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007298 ...

Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63z46ds (corporateBody)

Suffragists Maud Wood Park, Pauline Agassiz Shaw, and Mary Hutcheson Page were among those who in 1901 founded the Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government (BESAGG) "to promote a better civic life, the true development of the home and the welfare of the family, through the exercise of suffrage on the part of the women citizens of Boston." After 1920, BESAGG became the Boston League of Women Voters. For further historical information see Lois Bannister Merk, Massachusetts and the Wom...

Progressive Party (U.S. : 1948)

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6v15x91 (corporateBody)

Curtis MacDougall was born on February 11, 1903, in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. He started his career as a journalist there at the Fond du Lac Commonwealth-Reporter at the age of fifteen. He received a BA in English from Ripon College in Wisconsin in 1923. He went on to obtain a Master's from Northwestern University in 1926 and a Ph.D. in Sociology at the University of Wisconsin in 1933. After working at several newspapers, he joined the faculty of Northwestern University in 1935. During the depress...

O'Sullivan, Mary Kenney, 1864-1943

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mw3kgt (person)

O'Sullivan, labor organizer, factory worker and inspector, became the first woman general organizer of the American Federation of Labor in 1892, was one of the founders of the National Women's Trade Union League in 1903, and was an inspector for the Massachusetts Board of Labor and Industries, 1914-1929. She was also active in the prohibition and women's suffrage movements, and in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. For further information see Notable American Women (1971). ...

Corbin, Hanna Lee.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f21td7 (person)

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 1815-1902

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69706n1 (person)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born in Johnstown, New York in 1815. She organized the first Women's Rights Convention at Senecca Falls, New York, in 1848 and for more than fifty years thereafter was a crusader for women's rights, especially women's suffrage. She died in New York City in 1902....

Shaw, Isabella Pratt.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64b5vth (person)

Mott, Lucretia, 1793-1880

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wx86s1 (person)

Lucretia Mott (née Coffin) was born Jan. 3, 1793 in Nantucket, MA. She was a descendent of Peter Folger and Mary Morrell Folger and a cousin of Framer Benjamin Franklin. Mott became a teacher; her interest in women's rights began when she discovered that male teachers at the school were paid significantly more than female staff. A well known abolitionist, Mott considered slavery to be evil, a Quaker view. When she moved to Philadelphia, she became Quaker minister. Along with white and black wo...

Osgood, Fanny C.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jd7rb5 (person)

Leonard, Gertrude Halladay, 1868-1919.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6k96315 (person)

Abbott, Grace, 1878-1939

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kp8grp (person)

Edith Abbott was born in Grand Island, Nebraska, in 1876. She received her A.B. from the University of Nebraska in 1901 and her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1905. From 1906 to 1908, she continued post-graduate studies in economics and political science at the University of London. In 1908, Edith returned to Chicago and became a resident of Hull House until 1920. Between 1908 and 1920, she served as Associate Director of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy at the...

Winsor Smith, Judith, 1821-1921

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vb1m36 (person)

Judith Winsor Smith was born on November 26, 1821 in Marshfield, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States to her father, Lewis M. McLauthlen, and her mother, Polly "Mary" Judith Hathaway. Her parents were descendants of Mayflower passengers. In 1842, Judith married Silvanus Smith, a shipbuilder in East Boston. His parents, Zilpha (Drew) Smith and Jonathan Smith, were also Mayflower descendants. Sylvanus and Judith had at least six children together: two sons, Sidney Smith and Erasmus Ford Smith, ...

Lindsley, Virginia, 1856-1941.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6n32s75 (person)

Coleman, Greta.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61k267c (person)

Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67q2spg (corporateBody)

In 1870, within a year of forming the American Woman Suffrage Association, Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Julia Ward Howe, and others founded the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association. MWSA was affiliated with AWSA and shared both its goals and activities. The merger, in 1890, of AWSA with the National Woman Suffrage Association to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), prompted Alice Stone Blackwell and Ellen Batelle Dietrick to write a new constitution in April 1892. T...

Jeffrey, Jennette A. Street, 1872-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6ff6p4p (person)

Anderson, Mary, 1872-1964

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cc1cx2 (person)

Anderson, Director of the Women's Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor for 25 years, had emigrated from Sweden at 16. She worked for 18 years as a machine operator in shoe factories, was active in the Boot and Shoe Workers Union, and organized women workers for the National Women's Trade Union League before her appointment as assistant director of the Women in Industry Service in 1918. Anderson became director in 1919 and remained in that position (the Women in Industry Service became the Wome...

Boyer, Ida Porter, 1859-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sx925r (person)

Boyer served as field secretary of the Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association, manager of the woman suffrage campaign in Oklahoma, and organizer for the National American Woman Suffrage Association. For additional biographical information, see Woman's Who's Who of America, 1914-15 (1914). From the description of Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1853-1940 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008780 ...

Ames, Fanny Baker, 1840-1931.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6c56fgw (person)

Ames held various offices in Massachusetts and New England suffrage associations, including the presidency of the Boston Equal Suffrage Association. For additional biographical information, see Notable American Women, 1607-1950 (1971). From the description of Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1907-1943 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008752 ...

Raushenbush, Elizabeth Brandeis

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64b3f01 (person)

Economist and educator (Radcliffe College, B.A., 1918; University of Wisconsin, M.A., 1924, Ph.D., 1928) Raushenbush was secretary of the Minimum Wage Board in Washington, D.C., a professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, chairman of the Wisconsin Governor's Commission on Migratory Labor, a member of the National Consumers' League, and active in the League of Women Voters. She is the daughter of Louis Dembitz and Alice Goldmark Brandeis. From the description of Papers, 1920-...

Robins, Margaret Dreier 1868-1945

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6t7397p (person)

Women's rights leader and social activist. Margaret Dreier Robins was born in 1868 in Brooklyn, New York. She left New York in 1925 and moved to Florida with her husband Raymond Robins. The Robins' resided at a large estate called Chinsegut Hill near the town of Brooksville. Margaret was a founder and leader of the National Women's Trade Union League and an outspoken crusader for equal rights for women in the workplace. She and her husband were also active in politics and campaigned for candidat...