James Weldon Johnson and Grace NailJohnson papers circa 1850-2005 1900-1976

Moton, Robert Russa, 1867-1940

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6p37r4m (person)

Robert Russa Moton (born August 26, 1867, Amelia County, Virginia – died May 31, 1940, Holly Knoll, Virginia), American educator and author. He served as an administrator at Hampton Institute. In 1915 he was named principal of Tuskegee Institute, after the death of founder Booker T. Washington, a position he held for 20 years until retirement in 1935....

Johnson, James Weldon, 1871-1938

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62g8fd2 (person)

James Weldon Johnson was a publisher, educator, lawyer, composer, artist, diplomat, and civil rights leader. Together with his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson, he wrote the song "Lift Every Voice and Sing", which came to be known as the "Negro National Anthem", as well as a large number of popular songs for the musical stage of the early twentieth century. Johnson also served as consul of the United States to Venezuela and Nicaragua. He wrote several books and served as editor of the New York Age. ...

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6k17w53 (corporateBody)

Organizational History and List of Officers Organizational History 1909 Issued the “Call,” a statement calling for a conference to protest discrimination and violence against African Americans Convened the National Negro Conference on May 31 and June 1, New York, N.Y. E...

Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 1883-1961

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6bs9hss (person)

Charlotte Hawkins Brown (June 11, 1883-January 11, 1961) was born in Henderson, North Carolina, the daughter of Caroline Frances Hawkins and Edmund H. Hight. The family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the late 1880's, where CHB attended public schools. During her senior year of high school Alice Freeman Palmer, formerly president of Wellesley College, encouraged her to attend the State Normal School at Salem and provided financial support. In 1901 CHB accepted a job as teacher...

Schomburg, Arturo Alfonso, 1874-1938

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jx959m (person)

Arturo Alfonso Schomburg (January 24, 1874 – June 10, 1938), was a historian, writer, collector, and activist. Schomburg was a Puerto Rican of African and German descent. He moved to the United States in 1891, where he researched and raised awareness of the great contributions that Afro-Latin Americans and African Americans have made to society. He was an important intellectual figure in the Harlem Renaissance. Over the years, he collected literature, art, slave narratives, and other materia...

Hurston, Zora Neale, 1891-1960

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w63599q1 (person)

Zora Neale Hurston was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker. She portrayed racial struggles in the early-1900s American South and published research on hoodoo. The most popular of her four novels is Their Eyes Were Watching God, published in 1937. She also wrote more than 50 short stories, plays, and essays. Hurston was born in Notasulga, Alabama, and moved with her family to Eatonville, Florida, in 1894. She later used Eatonville as the setting for many of her stories. It is n...

Mencken, H.L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66f6jc0 (person)

Henry Louis "H. L." Mencken (September 12, 1880 - January 29, 1956), was an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of American English. Mencken, known as the "Sage of Baltimore", is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century. Mencken worked as a reporter and drama critic for the Baltimore Morning Herald from 1899 to 1906. From 190...

Fisk University

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6998xcv (corporateBody)

Established as Fisk Free Colored School in Nashville, Tenn., in Dec. 1865 by John Ogden, Rev. Erastus Milo Caravath, and Rev. Edward P. Smith; named in honor of Gen. Clinton B. Fisk, assistant commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau for Tennessee and Kentucky, who provided the new institution with facilities and contributed over $30,000 to the school; opened on 9 Jan. 1866 with almost two hundred students of all ages; incorporated as Fisk University on 22 Aug. 1867 after its curriculum shifted to ...

Larsen, Nella, 1891-1964

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kf2mxw (person)

Nella Larsen, Harlem Renaissance writer, librarian and nurse. She was born in Chicago in 1893 to a white Danish mother and a black West Indian father. Two years later, after her father died, her mother married a Dane. Educated in Chicago, at sixteen Larsen travelled to Denmark and remained for three years. After a year of study at Fisk University, she attented the University of Copenhagen, and later returned to the United States where she graduated from the Lincoln Hospi...

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mw6dhb (corporateBody)

Weinstock was an executive editor at Knopf. From the description of Correspondence with Adolf Klarmann, 1945. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155862789 American publishing house. From the description of Records. Series VIII., London Office Files, 1910-1957 (bulk 1928-1940). (Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center (HRC); University of Texas at Austin). WorldCat record id: 122617133 From the description of Records, 1873-1996 (bul...

Ovington, Mary White, 1865-1951

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6g743f5 (person)

Ovington, a leader in the fight for equal rights for Afro-Americans, was a co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. For further biographical information, see Notable American Women: The Modern Period (1980). From the description of Papers, 1946-1951 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007426 Ovington was one of the first white social workers in the New York African-American community around the turn of the century; s...

National Conference of Christians and Jews.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w69g9dps (corporateBody)

The conference, founded as the National Conference of Jews and Christians, was formed to promote the religious ideals of brotherhood and justice. The conference name changed Nov. 28, 1938 to National Conference of Christians and Jews. From the description of National Conference of Christians and Jews records, 1927-1989. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis). WorldCat record id: 63285851 The National Conference of Christians and Jews, was formed in 1928 to facilitate coopera...

Scott, Emmett J. (Emmett Jay), 1873-1957

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6v41hxn (person)

Secretary to Booker T. Washington and of Tuskegee Normal School Board of Trustees (1897-1919); special assistant, U.S. Secretary of War (1917-1919); secretary-treasurer and secretary, Howard University and its Board of Trustees (1919-1938); assistant publicity directory, Republican National Committee and advisor to the chairman of its Negro Affairs Committee (1939-1942); director, employment and personnel relations, Shipyard No. 4, Sun Shipbuilding Co. in Pennsylvania (1942-1945); secretary, Sou...

Brown, Sterling Allen, 1901-1989

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sf3rcm (person)

American scholar and poet. From the description of Poems, [1929?]. (Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center (HRC); University of Texas at Austin). WorldCat record id: 145406115 ...

Spencer, Anne, 1882-1975

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60p12j3 (person)

African American poet from Lynchburg, Va.; Librarian at Dunbar High Shool, 1920-1946; member of the Harlem Renaissance. From the description of Papers of Anne Spencer and the Spencer family [manuscript], 1829, 1864-2007. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 648010759 Epithet: wife of Abraham Spencer British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000001392.0x0001fc Epithet: wife of Charles, Earl of S...

Van Doren, Irita Taylor, 1891-1966

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6cn764q (person)

Editor, New York Herald Tribune Book Review. From the description of Correspondence to Maxwell Struthers Burt, 1951. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 122690978 Literary editor. From the description of Irita Taylor Van Doren papers, 1920-1967. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71063846 Biographical Note 1891, Mar. 16 Born, Birmi...

Untermeyer, Louis, 1885-1977

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6wm1c2x (person)

Louis Untermeyer was a noted author, editor, and translator. His tastes were eclectic, and his friendships many; he produced more than one hundred books, and volumes of letters. His numerous poetry anthologies have helped introduce verse to generations of schoolchildren. From the description of Heinrich Heine, paradox and poet, 1936. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 56550722 From the description of Louis Untermeyer letter to Judith Wright McKinn...

Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gk06z2 (person)

W. E. B. Du Bois was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Educated at Fisk University, he did graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate. Du Bois became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Due to his contributions in the African-American community he was seen as a member of a Black elite that supported some aspects ...

Julius Rosenwald Fund

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6md2s4m (corporateBody)

Founded by Julius Rosenwald; incorporated Oct. 30, 1917 in Chicago, Ill., as a non-profit corporation with the purpose of promoting "the well-being of mankind;" after Rosenwald met Booker T. Washington in 1911, funds focus was on Negro interests. From the description of Julius Rosenwald Fund records, 1917-1948. (Fisk University). WorldCat record id: 70972601 In 1917, Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932), President of Sears, Roebuck and Company, initiated the Julius R...

Tarry, Ellen, 1906-2008

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s48b5r (person)

Tarry was born in Birmingham, Ala., the grandaughter of a Confederate veteran and a former slave. In 1929 she moved to New York City and in 1955 published The Third Door: The Autobiography of an American Negro Woman. From the description of Papers, 1996. (Auburn University). WorldCat record id: 42706710 African-American author and journalist, Ellen Tarry was primarily known for her writings and work pertaining to blacks and the Catholic Church. Tarry worked with...

White, Walter Francis, 1893-1955

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6m61pnn (person)

Executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. From the description of Correspondence with Johan Thorsten Sellin, 1935. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 243854199 Walter Francis White (1893-1955), was an African American civil rights activist and leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1931-1955. Walter White married Leah Gladys Powell (1893-1979) in 1922, and they ...

Harcourt Brace & Company

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b31j90 (corporateBody)

Gross was an editor at the publishing company. From the description of Correspondence to Alma Mahler, 1957. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155863411 Brooks edited a book by Constance Rourke for Harcourt Brace. From the description of Correspondence with Van Wyck Brooks, 1921-1962. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 180851633 ...

Institute of Pacific Relations.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6866wvm (corporateBody)

The Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR) was an international NGO established in 1925 to provide a forum for discussion of problems and relations between nations of the Pacific Rim. The Institute dissolved in 1960. From the guide to the Institute of Pacific Relations Records, 1927-1962., (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library, ) Institute of Pacific Relations was founded in 1925 with headquarters at Honolulu; a self-governing and self directing body concerned...

New York University

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w616563x (corporateBody)

The Class Collection documents selected student and alumni activities of New York University graduating classes from 1843-1966. Formal and informal gatherings were common, and were documented in detail by the participants. From the description of Class collection, 1843-1966. 1880-1900 (bulk). (New York University). WorldCat record id: 477254465 New York University (formerly, University of the City of New York), is an academic institution and, as such, its faculty produces ar...

Johnson, Grace Nail, 1885-1976

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65t4zwd (person)

Grace Nail Johnson was the wife of poet James Weldon Johnson. From the description of Letter : New York, N. Y., to Augusta Baker, New York Public Library, New York, N. Y., 1971 Mar. 21. (University of South Carolina). WorldCat record id: 39736736 ...

Matthews, Brander, 1852-1929

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68p61nd (person)

Author, critic, and member of the Columbia English Department Faculty from 1891-1924. Matthews was an influential figure in the literary and dramatic worlds of New York and London from the 1880s throughtout his life. He was a member of numerous social and literary organizations, serving as president of the Dunlap Society, the Modern Language Association, and the National Institute of Arts and Letters, among others. From the description of Papers, 1877-1962. (Columbia University In th...

Wesley, Charles H. (Charles Harris), 1891-1987

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68056k9 (person)

First president of Central State College (1947-1965) and president of Wilberforce University (1942-1947); ); minister and elder, African Methodist Episcopal Church (1914-1937); and author. From the description of Charles Wesley papers, 1852-1965. (Central State University). WorldCat record id: 70970102 ...

Knopf, Alfred A., 1892-1984

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w68g8n8m (person)

Correspondence to Lewis Mumford from Alfred A. Knopf and his wife, Blanche Knopf. From the description of Letters, 1928-1944, to Lewis Mumford. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155870929 Publisher. From the description of Reminiscences of Alfred A. Knopf : oral history, 1961. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309743309 American publisher. From the description of Typed letters signed (1...

Jones, Thomas Elsa

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kp98q4 (person)

Last white president of Fisk University (1926-1946); b. 1888; d. 1973. From the description of Thomas Elsa Jones records, 1926-1949. (Fisk University). WorldCat record id: 70970120 Fifth president of Fisk University (Feb. 1926 to July 1946); b. 1888; d. 1973. From the description of Thomas Elsa Jones collection (1-71), 1925-1947 (bulk, 1926-1946). (Fisk University). WorldCat record id: 154689992 ...

Rockefeller, John D., III (John Davison), 1906-1978

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w66972dn (person)

Philanthropist. From the description of Reminiscences of John Davison Rockefeller 3d : oral history, 1967. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309724157 From the description of Reminiscences of John Davison Rockefeller 3d : oral history, 1963. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309723979 ...

Knopf, Blanche

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6g45hxr (person)

Vice-president (1921) and president (1957) of Alfred A. Knopf, inc.; wife of Alfred A. Knopf. From the description of Correspondence to Maxwell Struthers Burt, 1947-1951. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 122542297 American publisher. From the description of Typed letters signed (2) : San Francisco, and New York, to Edward Wagenknecht, 1941 July 23 and 1956 July 16. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270868133 ...

American society of composers, authors and publishers

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6797thd (corporateBody)

Taylor and Adams were each president of the ASCAP at the time of their writing; Nissim was in the Serious Music Department; Cunningham signed the television rights agreement on behalf of the ASCAP. From the description of Correspondence to Alma Mahler, 1944-1961. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155862820 ...

Bryan, Henry Lewis, 1853-1934

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65b2qwx (person)

Spingarn, Joel Elias, 1875-1939

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60z75jc (person)

Literary critic and reformer; taught at Columbia University in New York, 1899-1911. From the description of Letter : [New York], to Elbridge Colby, 1911 March 17. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 21417689 Joel E. Spingarn was an educator and writer who worked with social reform causes, primarily with the NAACP. From the description of Joel E. Spingarn Collection, 1910-1947. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 84422765 From the description of Joel E. Spingarn Co...

Brawley, Benjamin Griffith, 1882-1939

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6tf01qk (person)

Professor of English and writer on African American literary and social history; faculty member at Howard University and Morehouse College; president of Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School. From the description of Benjamin Griffith Brawley papers, 1917-1936. (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 741693799 1882, April 22 Born to Edward M. and Margaret Saphronia (Dickerson) Brawley, ...

Holmes, John Haynes, 1879-1964

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w60k29zq (person)

American clergyman and reformer. From the description of The voice of God is calling : autograph poem signed, 1930 Nov. 13. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 269557327 John Haynes Homes (1879-1964) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and raised near Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard College in 1902 and Harvard Divinity School in 1904. He received honorary doctorates from Benares Hindu University, Rollins College, and Meadville Theological School. He served as...

Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rn37qn (person)

Poet, author, playwright, songwriter. From the guide to the Langston Hughes collection, [microform], 1926-1967, (The New York Public Library. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division.) From the description of Langston Hughes collection, 1926-1967. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 144652168 Langson Hughes: African-American poet and writer, author of Weary Blue (1926), The Big Sea (1940), and other works. ...

Pickens, William, 1881-1954

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64173jg (person)

Author, educator. William Pickens was Dean of Morgan College in Baltimore, Md., 1918-1919; Field Secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 1920-1942; and employee of the United States Treasury Department, 1941-1951. From the description of William Pickens papers, 1906-1954. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122608256 From the guide to the William Pickens papers, 1906-1954, (The New York Public Library. Schomburg Center ...

Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s46r5z (person)

Civil rights leader and journalist; d. 1981. From the description of Papers, 1915-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 31605113 Roy Wilkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri, grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota. Wilkins edited the KANSAS CITY CALL, a Black newspaper, from 1923 to 1931. Wilkins became Assistant Secretary of the NAACP in 1931 and became Executive Secretary in 1955. Under his leadership the NAACP grew to 350,000 members. ...

Cullen, Countee, 1903-1946

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s1833x (person)

African-American poet, anthologist, translator, playwright and an important figure in the Harlem Renaissance. Cullen was graduated from De Witt Clinton High School in New York City and from New York University in 1925. While attending NYU he held a part-time job as a doorman at the Grolier Club, a New York City bibliophile society. He took post-graduate work at Harvard University and received an M.A. From the description of TLS : Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Frederick B. Coykendall, ...

Hope, John, 1868-1936

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6h714bd (person)

John Hope (1868-1936), fifth president of Atlanta University, born in Augusta, Georgia. From the description of John Hope papers, 1929-1936. (Robert W. Woodruff Library of the Atlanta University Center, Inc.). WorldCat record id: 38477492 ...

Viking Press.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w67q2vqr (corporateBody)

Huebsch was vice president and chief editor at Viking Press in New York City. Viking became the publisher of Franz Werfel's works in English translation around 1935. Griesser was at Viking Press and wrote on Huebsch's behalf. Medinz was in the copyright dept. at Viking. McClure, Allen and Bradette all wrote letters to Viking Press concerning Werfel's novel The Song of Bernadette: McClure wrote a fan letter with a question that Huebsch forwarded to Werfel; Allen was requesting permission for use ...

Spingarn, Arthur B. (Arthur Barnett), 1878-1971

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xs69qj (person)

African American lawyer, scholar, and president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. From the description of Papers, 1914-1971. (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 70941351 Spingarn was born on Mar. 28, 1878 in New York City; AB (1897), AM (1899), and LL. B (1900), Columbia Univ.; LL. D, Howard Univ., 1941; L.H.D., Long Island Univ., 1966; practiced law beginning in 1900; chairman of national legal committee, and vice-presid...

McKay, Claude, 1890-1948

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61837fr (person)

Author, poet. Born in Jamaica. From the description of Claude McKay letters and manuscripts 1915-1952. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122682552 From the guide to the Claude McKay letters and manuscripts, 1915-1952, (The New York Public Library. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division.) Claude McKay (1890-1948), novelist and poet. From the description of Claude McKay collection, 1853-1990 (bulk 1922-19...

Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6h814sk (person)

Booker T. Washington was an African American educator and public figure. Born a slave on a small farm in Hale's Ford, Virginia, he worked his way through the Hampton Institute and became an instructor there. He was the first principal of the Tuskegee Institute, and under his management it became a successful center for practical education. A forceful and charismatic personality, he became a national figure through his books and lectures. Although his conservative views concerned many critics, he...

Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kd21ds (person)

Carl Van Vechten was an American novelist, critic, essayist, book collector, and photographer. From the description of Carl Van Vechten collection of papers, 1922-1964. (New York Public Library). WorldCat record id: 122455166 From the guide to the Carl Van Vechten collection of papers, 1911-1964, (The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.) Carl van Vechten (1880-1964) was an American photographer, writer,...

Brownlee, Frederick Leslie, 1883-1962

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6bg3126 (person)

Beard was author of A New Day Ascending: a history of the AMA (1946). From the description of Papers. 1883-1962. (Ascension Parish School). WorldCat record id: 18887703 ...

Johnson, J. Rosamond (John Rosamond), 1873-1954

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6h70grj (person)

American composer and singer, brother of James Weldon Johnson, known for composing the music to "Lift every voice and sing" for which his brother wrote the lyrics. From the description of Letter of J. Rosamond Johnson to A.J. Hanna, 1944 February 20. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 70259141 Black American composer, singer, and stage performer. From the description of The J. Rosamond Johnson papers, 1879-1975 (inclusive). (Yale University). WorldCat ...

Braithwaite, William Stanley, 1878-1962

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vh5mzn (person)

African American poet, critic, and editor; b. William Stanley Beaumont Braithwaite. From the description of Papers, 1878-1962. (New Jersey Historical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 70956095 From the description of William Stanley Braithwaite collection, 1899-1939. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70965233 Braithwaite was an African-American poet, literary critic, and editor. He wrote reviews and criticism for the Boston Evening Transcript . From 1913 to 1929 he...

Payne, E. George (Enoch George), 1877-1953

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6vq52xn (person)

Okala, Ollie Jewell Sims, 1908-2001.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6421110 (person)

Johnson, Charles Spurgeon, 1893-1956

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6930wjk (person)

Sociologist, race relations expert, author, lecturer, teacher, and college administration; first African American president of Fisk University (1946-1956). From the description of Charles Spurgeon Johnson records, 1858-1956. (Fisk University). WorldCat record id: 70970119 First black president of Fisk University, elected Oct. 1946, inaugurated Nov. 1947; served until 1956; Head of Dept. of Social Science, Fisk University, 1928-1947; sociologist, race relations expert, author...

Authors' League of America

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6v1621g (corporateBody)

Organization founded in 1912 for the protection of copyright. From the description of Letter from the Authors' League of America to an unknown recipient, n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 32136277 From the description of Letter from the Authors' League of America to an unknown recipient [manuscript], n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647844409 ...