Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891

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Phineas Taylor Barnum was an American showman, businessman and politician remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus (1871–2017) with James Anthony Bailey. He was also an author, publisher and philanthropist.

Barnum became a small-business owner in his early twenties and founded a weekly newspaper before moving to New York City in 1834. He embarked on an entertainment career, first with a variety troupe called "Barnum's Grand Scientific and Musical Theater", and soon after by purchasing Scudder's American Museum, which he renamed after himself. He used the museum as a platform to promote hoaxes and human curiosities such as the Fiji mermaid and General Tom Thumb. In 1850, he promoted the American tour of Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind, paying her an unprecedented $1,000 (equivalent to $35,176 in 2022) per night for 150 nights. He suffered economic reversals in the 1850s from unwise investments, as well as years of litigation and public humiliation, but he embarked on a lecture tour as a temperance speaker to emerge from debt. His museum added America's first aquarium and expanded its wax-figure department.

Barnum served two terms in the Connecticut legislature in 1865 as a Republican for Fairfield, Connecticut. He spoke before the legislature concerning the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude: "A human soul, 'that God has created and Christ died for,' is not to be trifled with. It may tenant the body of a Chinaman, a Turk, an Arab, or a Hottentot—it is still an immortal spirit." He was elected in 1875 as mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he worked to improve the water supply, bring gas lighting to streets and enforce liquor and prostitution laws. He was also instrumental in the inception of Bridgeport Hospital in 1878 and was its first president. However, the circus business, begun when he was 60 years old, was the source of much of his enduring fame. He established "P.T. Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome" in 1870, a traveling circus, menagerie and museum of "freaks" that adopted many names over the years.

Barnum was married to Charity Hallett from 1829 until her death in 1873, and they had four children. In 1874, a few months after his wife's death, he married Nancy Fish, his friend's daughter and 40 years his junior. They were married until 1891 when Barnum died of a stroke at his home. He was buried in Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, which he designed himself.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Lowndes, Charles, Mr. Autograph letter signed from Charles Lowndes, Shakespeare Memorial, Stratford on Avon, to P.T. Barnum, Bridgeport, Connecticut [manuscript], 1878 July 27. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letters : New York, to Moses Kimball, Boston, 1843 Nov. 17-Dec. 18. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Lawrence, A. F. R. Collection of historical spoken word [sound recording], 1900-1970. New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter : New York, to Moses Kimball, Boston, 1849. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Garrett historical manuscripts, 1642-1933. Johns Hopkins University, Sheridan Libraries and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library
referencedIn Beerbohm, Max, Sir, 1872-1956. Cecil Lang Collection of Vanity Fair Illustrations [picture], 1868-1914. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph letter signed : Bridgeport, to "My dear Professor," 1883 Oct. 31. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Theater manuscripts collection, 1784-1941 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Rogers, Isaac T., 1813-1891. Isaac T. and George I. Rogers scrapbooks, ca. 1710-1890. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter, 1876 Dec. 21, Bridgeport, Conn. to Mr. Skinner. Dartmouth College Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. P.T. Barnum (Phineas Taylor) papers, 1877-1981 [manuscript]. Denver Public Library, Central Library
creatorOf Phineas Taylor Barnum, papers, 1818-1993 Tufts University - Tisch Library, Tisch Library
creatorOf Harper & Brothers. Correspondence : New York, etc., 1882 Feb. 27-Apr. 28. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Price, Henry Edward, 1824-1908?. Diary, 1832-1908. Winterthur Library
referencedIn Marsh, Othniel Charles, 1831-1899. Othniel Charles Marsh papers, 1817-1899 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Munkers, George W., 1852-. Dictation from George W. Munkers : Buffalo, Wyoming, 1885. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1865-1891 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn Ahlquist, Abel. Jenny Lind Collection, 1778-1977, bulk ca. 1850-1977. New-York Historical Society Library
referencedIn Marsh, Othniel Charles, 1831-1899. Papers, 1817-1899 Yale University Library
referencedIn P. T. Barnum collection, [18--?-ongoing]. Museum of Performance & Design
referencedIn Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887. Jenny Lind papers, 1835-1917. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph letter signed : Bridgeport, to Mr. Greeley, 1868 July 23. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Bonheur, Rosa, 1822-1899. Circus World Museum poster collection, 1841-[ongoing] Wisconsin Historical Society Archives
referencedIn Newspaper Artists' Association and Magazine and Book Illustrators' Society. Invitation, [ca. 1890] Mar. 21-23. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn American circus collection, 1800-1960. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
creatorOf P.T. Barnum papers, 1843-1890. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter : Victoria Hotel, Southport [Eng.?], to Dr. Jones, 1881 June 22. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Papers, 1877-1886 [microform]. Denver Public Library, Central Library
referencedIn Elswick, Albert. Albert Elswick collection, 1639-1966. Fairfield Historical Society Library
creatorOf Grand Theatre Collection (University of Guelph). Barnum / book by Mark Bramble ; music by Cy Coleman ; lyrics by Michael Stewart ; directed by Don Shipley,1985 - production photos. University of Guelph. McLaughlin Library
creatorOf P.T. Barnum papers, 1843-1890 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf Hay, John, 1838-1905. Correspondence, 1854-1914, "Badeau" to "Best". Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Pidgin, W. F. W. F. Pidgin autographs and letters, 1878 and 1898. Maine Historical Society Library
referencedIn Circus collection, 1821-1985, 1865-1950 (bulk) New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Documents collection, [ca. 1600-1950] New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Photograph albums of Charles Sherwood Stratton ("General Tom Thumb"), Mercy Lavinia Warren Stratton, and others Houghton Library
referencedIn Wales, Salem Howe, 1825-1902. Papers, 1837-1908. Winterthur Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph letter signed : [New York], to Harper & Brothers, 1858 Apr. 21. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Benjamin Holt Ticknor Papers, 1595-1935, (bulk 1850-1920) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Theater manuscripts collection, 1784-1941 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Rhees, William Jones, 1830-1907. William Jones Rhees Papers, 1744-1907 The Huntington Library
creatorOf Behling, E. H. (Emil H.), 1858-1938. Autograph albums, 1872-1914. Buffalo History Museum, Research Library
referencedIn Gage, Matilda Joslyn, 1826-1898. Papers, 1840-1974 (inclusive) [microform]. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Letters to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1761-1904 (inclusive), 1820-1888 (bulk) Houghton Library
referencedIn Autograph File, B, ca.1500-1982 Houghton Library
referencedIn Martha Leach Packard commonplace book 1837-1894 1853-1862 Packard, Martha Leach commonplace book William L. Clements Library
referencedIn Robert Bonner papers, 1860-1899 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
creatorOf AUTOGRAPH LETTERS AND VERSE; circa 1809-1929, n.d. Presented, with Add. Ch. 75730, by T. S. Blakeney, Esq., through the Friends of the National Libraries. Paper; ff. 150. Folio. 1809-1929. 1. ff. 1-24. Letters of ecclesiastics to Edward White Benson,..., 1804-1929 British Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. ALS, 1800 May 8, Bridgeport, Conn. [i.e., Boston], to the editor of the Argus, Albany, N.Y. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Perley, Frank L. Writings, ca. 1913. Winterthur Library
creatorOf Shepard, Frederick Job, 1850-1934, collector. Frederick J. Shepard scrapbook of autographs, 1877-1934. Buffalo History Museum, Research Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter, 1847 May 9, New York, New York to Mr. Stanton. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Coffin, James H. (James Henry), 1806-1873. James Henry Coffin Papers, 1848-1884 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn Oliver Wendell Holmes letters from various correspondents, 1820-1894 Houghton Library
referencedIn Webb, J. Watson (James Watson), 1802-1884. James Watson Webb papers, 1819-1967 (inclusive), 1819-1890 (bulk). Yale University Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. P. T. Barnum letters, 1854-1888. Cornell University Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. P.T. Barnum papers, 1851-1865. Library of Congress
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Biographical sketch, 187-? Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Ronald G. Becker collection of Charles Eisenmann photographs, 1840-1930 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
referencedIn Crawford, Jack Randall, b. 1878. Crawford Theater collection, 1663-1992 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Robert Anderson Papers, 1819-1948, (bulk 1836-1870) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn A. H. Saxon, Selected Letters Of P. T. Barnum. [Contact repository for more information].
referencedIn P. T. Barnum portrait, 1844. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Stewart, Michael, 1929-1987. Michael Stewart Papers, 1948-1987. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Michael Stewart Papers, 1948-1987 The New York Public Library. Billy Rose Theatre Division.
referencedIn Crawford Theater collection, 1663-1992 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Heiser, Christopher, ca. 1794-1859. Heiser family papers, 1785-1891 (bulk 1840-1865). New-York Historical Society
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph letter signed : Bridgeport, to the editors of the Tribune, 1875 Mar. 5. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Davis, Charles L., 1849-1900. Charles L. Davis autograph album of theatrical personalities, 1885-1899. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn Main, Hubert P. (Hubert Platt), 1839-1925. Autograph album, 1860-1866. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Rogers, Isaac T. 1813-1891. Isaac T. and George I. Rogers scrapbooks, ca. 1710-1890. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Augustus Mendon Lord collection, Lord (Augustus Mendon) collection, (bulk 1876-1908), 1778-1908 John Hay Library, Special Collections
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter, 1875 February 9, Bridgeport, Conn., to George Emerson. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Barnum, Caroline Cornelia, 1833-1911. Journal, 1851. Indiana Historical Society Library
creatorOf Robert Bonner papers, 1860-1899. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Childs, George William, 1829-1894. George William Childs papers [manuscript], 1882-1892. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Batchelder family papers, 1806-1902 Houghton Library
referencedIn Family papers, B-C, 1822-1934. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Arnold, Lycurgus H. Letters, 1853-1856. The Filson Historical Society
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 52: Assistant Secretary, Incoming Correspondenc.
referencedIn Gooch, Thomas G., d. ca. 1869. Papers, 1827-1885. The Filson Historical Society
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. [Programs for various shows by Barnum, Barnum & Bailey, and Barnum associated with others : includes material on Jumbo]. Chicago History Museum
creatorOf Lloyd Stephens Bryce Papers, 1807-1895, bulk 1882-1895 The Huntington Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph: 1870 Jan. 31. Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library
referencedIn Colorado Prospector : historical highlights from early day newspapers, v. 13, n. 9, 1982 Sept. Boulder Public Library
referencedIn Vol. IX, ff. 234, A-Ma.includes:f. 1 James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess and (1868) 1st Duke of Abercorn: Letter to G. Roper: 1873. f. 3 Charles John Abraham, Bishop of Wellington: Letter to R. Owen: 1858. f. 4 Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 10th Baronet: Letter... British Library
creatorOf P.T. Barnum Collection National Museum of American History (U.S.). Archives Center
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter to Stirling Coyne. [London, Eng.]. [18--] University of Iowa Libraries
referencedIn Clarke, James Freeman, 1810-1888. Additional correspondence, 1787-1886 Houghton Library
creatorOf Reid, Mayne, 1818-1883. Autograph letter signed : [London], to P.T. Barnum, [18]74 Mar. 13. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Larsen, Libby. Barnum's bird : the story of P.T. Barnum and Jenny Lind : a cabaret opera for chorus, 4 soloists, and instruments / music by Libby Larsen ; libretto by Bridget Carpenter and Libby Larsen. Library of Congress
referencedIn Wales, Salem Howe, 1825-1902. Papers, 1837-1908. Winterthur Library
creatorOf Smith, Elizabeth Oakes Prince, 1806-1893. Papers of Elizabeth Oakes Prince Smith [manuscript], 1823-1894. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1863-1879 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn Photographs of theatrical performers, 1862-1982. Harvard Theater Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 305: U.S. National Museum Accession Records.
referencedIn Autograph collection, 1832-1987. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Circus document collection, 1816-1966. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Fairfield County Agricultural Society. Records, 1840-1851. Fairfield Historical Society Library
referencedIn Frank Parsons papers, 1888-1908 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
creatorOf Cohen, Alexander H. Alexander H. Cohen papers, 1880-2003 (bulk 1938-2003). New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Kimball, Moses, 1809-1895. Letters received, 1840-1878. Boston Athenaeum
creatorOf Field, Kate, 1838-1896. Letters of Kate Field [manuscript] 1865-96. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Ploetz, Richard. Barnum's last life : typescript, 1980 - 1983. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Uchill, Ida Libert. Papers, 1949-1957. Denver Public Library, Central Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter, 1867 April 3, New York, New York, to Alexander H. Holley. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Webb, James Watson, 1802-1884. Papers, 1819-1967; bulk: 1819-1890 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Colorado Prospector : historical highlights from early day newspapers, v. 12, n. 5, 1981 May. Boulder Public Library
referencedIn Beach, Ella, d. 1938. Beach family papers, 1811-1962 (bulk 1833-1933). Library of Congress
creatorOf Perry, O. H. (Oliver Henry), 1815-1882. Oliver Henry papers, 1807-1903. Connecticut Historical Society
creatorOf Calkin, Homer L. Autographs and autograph letters, 1799-1902. University of Iowa Libraries
creatorOf Mosher, C. D. (Charles Delevan), 1829-1897. Charles D. Mosher papers, 1876-1915 (bulk 1876-1879). Chicago History Museum
referencedIn Magri, M. Lavinia (Mercy Lavinia), 1841-1919. Lavinia Magri memoir, undated. New-York Historical Society Library
referencedIn Campbell, Charles, 1807-1876. Papers, 1617-1895 ; (bulk 1770-1879). Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Larsen, Libby. Barnum's bird : libretto : the story of P.T. Barnum and Jenny Lind : a cabaret opera for chorus, 4 soloists, and instruments / music by Libby Larsen ; libretto by Bridget Carpenter and Libby Larsen. Library of Congress
referencedIn Vol. I. 1860.includes:f. 1 Reverend Jacob Abbott: Letter to Griffin and Co.: 1860. f. 3 Reverend John S-C-Abbott: Letter to Griffin and Co.: 1860. f. 5 Jean Victor Adam, Painter: Letter to Griffin and Co.: 1860. f. 6 William Harrison Ainsworth, a..., 1860 British Library
referencedIn Additional letters sent to William Warland Clapp from various correspondents, 1851-1872. Houghton Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph letter signed : New York, to an unidentified correspondent, 1864 Apr. 28. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn A.F.R. Lawrence collection of historical spoken word [sound recording], 1900-1970 The New York Public Library. Rodgers and Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound.
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letters to Gideon Welles, 1864-1865. Connecticut Historical Society
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. ALS, 1875 June 1, Bridgeport, Conn., to the editor of the Argus, Albany, N.Y. Rosenbach Museum & Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letters, 1860 Oct. 24-Dec. 5, New York, to A.B. Corbusier, Havana. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Autographs of Matthew Arnold, Phineas T. Barnum, William Dean Howells, Alexander H. Stephens and others [manuscript] : two printed items listed on deposit sheet. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn University Of Texas (Austin), Humanities Research Center. [Contact repository for more information].
referencedIn Philips, Mette. California gold miner letter : Fort Worth, Tex., to his niece : TL, 1905 Jan. 26. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Gage, Matilda Joslyn, 1826-1898. Papers, 1840-1974 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Glover, William B. (William Brown), 1857-1896. William B. Glover collection, 1855-1977. Fairfield Historical Society Library
referencedIn Wallace, Irving, 1916-1990. Typed letter signed : Los Angeles, to Edward Wagenknecht, 1959 Nov. 21. Pierpont Morgan Library.
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Photograph of P. T. Barnum, [manuscript], n.d. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Colson, Charles W. The Charles Wendell Colson autograph collection, 1827-1895. Library of Congress
referencedIn Anonymous (Phoenix, S. C.). Scrapbook and ledger, 1875-189u. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891,. Autograph letters signed from Phineas Taylor Barnum to various people [manuscript], 1868-1889. Folger Shakespeare Library
referencedIn Smithsonian Archives. Ru 7070: Charles Rau Papers.
referencedIn Parsons, Frank, 1854-1908. Frank Parsons papers, 1888-1908 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Peale-Sellers family collection, 1686-1963 American Philosophical Society
referencedIn Famous Syracuse letters collection, 1875-1885. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Letter, 1866, to Charles Hale. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Lincoln, Seneca W., 1820-1885. Letter, 1873 August 18, Hartford, Conn., to P.T. Barnum, Bridgeport, Conn. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn St. Nicholas Hotel. Guest book, 1858 Apr. 26-1858 Jul. 18. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn John F. Glaser collection of historical autograph letters and manuscripts, 1739-1933. Houghton Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Papers, n.d.; 1854-1879. Gadsden Public Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. ALS, 1860 Apr. 23 : New York, to an unidentified correspondent. Rosenbach Museum & Library
referencedIn Adams, Dick. Circus World Museum original art collection, 1847-[ongoing] Wisconsin Historical Society Archives
referencedIn Banks family. Banks family papers, 1674-1923. Fairfield Historical Society Library
referencedIn Hotel register, 1848-1852. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Evans, F. W. (Frederick William), 1808-1893. New Lebanon, N.Y., single-sheet manuscripts, 1887-1941. United Society of Shakers, Shaker Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. [Programs for various shows by Barnum, Barnum & Bailey, and Barnum associated with others, playing in Chicago : includes material on Jumbo and the white elephants], 1876-1891. Chicago History Museum
creatorOf Morris, George Pope, 1802-1864. Papers of George Pope Morris [manuscript] 1830-1860. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Barnum, P. T. (Phineas Taylor), 1810-1891. Autograph inscription signed, dated : [n.p.], 3 July 1890, 1890 July 3. Pierpont Morgan Library.
referencedIn Frohman, Daniel, 1851-1940,. Autograph letters signed to Daniel Frohman from various correspondents [manuscript], 1883-1926. Folger Shakespeare Library
creatorOf Batchelder, John M. Papers relating to the Crystal Palace Exhibition, N.Y., 1853-1876. Boston Athenaeum
referencedIn Ball, Thomas, sculptor, 1819-1911. Letters, 1863-1902. Boston Public Library, Central Library in Copley Square
referencedIn Gale Research Co. P.T. Barnum model Southern Connecticut State University, Hilton C. Buley Library
referencedIn Alexander H. Cohen papers, 1880-2003, 1938-2003 The New York Public Library. Billy Rose Theatre Division.
creatorOf Stanley, Frederick T., 1802-1883. Frederick Stanley correspondence, 1795-1880. Connecticut Historical Society
referencedIn Main, Hubert P. (Hubert Platt), 1839-1925. Autograph album, 1860-1866. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
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associatedWith Adams, Grizzly, 1812-1860. person
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associatedWith Anonymous (Phoenix, S. C.) person
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correspondedWith Ball, Thomas, sculptor, 1819-1911. person
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associatedWith Barnum and Bailey. corporateBody
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associatedWith Barnum's American Museum. corporateBody
associatedWith Bartram, J., Col. person
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associatedWith Becker, Ronald G. person
associatedWith Behling, E. H. (Emil H.), 1858-1938. person
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correspondedWith Bostelmann, Rudolph F. J. person
associatedWith Brooklyn Historical Society. corporateBody
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associatedWith Lincoln, Seneca W., 1820-1885. person
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correspondedWith Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882 person
associatedWith Lord, Augustus Mendon, 1861-1941 person
correspondedWith Love, R. H. person
correspondedWith Lowndes, Charles, Mr. person
associatedWith Magri, M. Lavinia (Mercy Lavinia), 1841-1919. person
associatedWith Main, Hubert P. (Hubert Platt), 1839-1925. person
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associatedWith Museum of the City of New York. corporateBody
correspondedWith Nash, T. C. W. person
associatedWith Newspaper Artists' Association and Magazine and Book Illustrators' Society. corporateBody
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correspondedWith Pidgin, W. F. person
associatedWith Ploetz, Richard. person
associatedWith Port Jefferson Historical Society. corporateBody
associatedWith Price, Henry Edward, 1824-1908? person
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associatedWith Waters-Son. corporateBody
associatedWith Weathersbee, Seaborn person
associatedWith Webb, J. Watson (James Watson), 1802-1884. person
associatedWith Welles, Gideon, 1802-1878. person
correspondedWith Whipple, John A. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Bridgeport CT US
Bridgeport CT US
New York City NY US
Fairfield CT US
Subject
Advertising
Albinos and albinism
Aquariums
Authors
Circus
Circus performers
Elections
Jumbo (elephant)
Menageries
National Museum
Natural history museums
Sea monsters
Occupation
Circus owners
Activity

Person

Birth 1810

Death 1891

Americans

English

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Permalink: http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6524q6z

Ark ID: w6524q6z

SNAC ID: 87332010