Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 1919-2021

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Lawrence Ferlinghetti was an American poet and publisher, most closely associated with the Beat movement. Born in New York, Ferlinghetti suffered several family-related tragedies in his youth, and was raised in unusual circumstances. Educated at the University of North Carolina, he served in World War II, and continued his education at Columbia and The Sorbonne. He moved to San Francisco, where he co-founded City Lights book store and publishing house, which became integral with the Beat movement. Ferlinghetti became known for his poetry, which often featured contemporary social and political themes, written in an instinctive meter designed to be accessible to the layman. He also wrote novels and drama, and was an accomplished painter. As the publisher of Allen Ginsberg's Howl, Ferlinghetti won a groundbreaking legal case when copies of the book were impounded as obscene.

From the description of Lawrence Ferlinghetti postal card and rejection notice, 1960. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 123899186

Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born March 24, 1919 in Yonkers, N.Y. He was educated in Germany, New York, North Carolina, and France. After serving during World War II he obtained his Ph.D in creative writing at the Sorbonne, University of Paris. While in Paris he met other beat generation writers such as Dylan Thomas, Jack Kerouac, and Allen Ginsberg. Ferlinghetti was in tune to the political climate of the times and he became a central figure in the San Francisco area artistic community. He lived in Oakland, California and opened the City of Lights Pocket Bookshop in 1953, selling magazines and newspapers with a political emphasis. He participated in the printing of Beatitude, a political magazine, and wrote novels and books of poetry.

From the description of Manuscript, 1962. (University of New Mexico-Main Campus). WorldCat record id: 41171563

Biography

Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American poet, editor, and publisher, was born in March of 1919 in Yonkers, N.Y., the son of Charles S. and Clemence Ferling. From 1920 to 1924, he lived in France with his aunt, and after their return to the U.S., was educated in New York, at the Riverside Country School (1927-28) and Bronxville Public School (1929-33). Ferlinghetti attended high school at Mount Hermon School in Greenfield, Mass. (1933-37), then received a B.A. in Journalism from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 1941, his M.A. in Literature from Columbia University in 1948, and his Doctorat de l'Université from The Sorbonne, Paris in 1949. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1941 to 1945, and attained the rank of Lieutenant Commander. Ferlinghetti married Selden Kirby-Smith in 1951, and has two children, Julie and Lorenzo.

Ferlinghetti moved to San Francisco in the early 1950s, and in 1953, after a short period as a French literature teacher, he founded City Lights Books with Peter L. Martin. In 1955, City Lights Publishing initiated the Pocket Poets Series with a collection of Ferlinghetti's own poems, Pictures of the Gone World. This was followed by publication of works by Kenneth Patchen, Kenneth Rexroth, and in 1957, Allen Ginsberg's Howl. City Lights' distribution of this controversial work provoked an obscenity trial which attracted international attention. In his struggle against censorship, Ferlinghetti became a public figure representing the San Francisco literary renaissance and the Beat Poet's movement.

Throughout his career Ferlinghetti has championed the avant-garde, opting for social engagement and literary experimentation in both his own work and that of the authors he publishes. His own poetry reflects the raw, uninhibited style common to the Beat generation. Ferlinghetti's best-known volume is A Coney Island of the Mind (New Directions, 1958); other poetry collections include Starting from San Francisco (1961), The Secret Meaning of Things (1969), Open Eye, Open Heart (1973), Landscapes of Living and Dying (1979), Endless life: The Selected Poems (1981), Over all the Obscene Boundaries (1984), and These are My Rivers (1995).

Ferlinghetti is also the author of two novels, Her (1960) and Love in the Days of Rage (1988), as well as two collections of experimental theater pieces. His interest in oral poetry has made him a favorite of audiences world-wide; several examples of his public readings and jazz/poetry collaborations are available commercially. A lifelong interest in painting in recent years has led to gallery showings of his works and the publication of a collection of drawings, Leaves of Life: Fifty Drawings from the Model (1984). In 1988, Ferlinghetti, in collaboration with Nancy J. Peters, published Literary San Francisco: A Pictorial History from the Beginning to the Present.

In the Dictionary of Literary Biography, biographer Larry Smith sums up Ferlinghetti's achievements: "as a poet and publisher, as a catalyst for cultural and literary innovation for several generations, [Ferlinghetti] is one of the key forces of contemporary writing. He extends the significance of the Beat perspective by the engaged stance of his life and work and by the powerful and popular art he has wrought."

From the guide to the Lawrence Ferlinghetti Papers, 1919-2003, (The Bancroft Library)

Born March 24, 1919 in Yonkers, N.Y., poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti had a very unstable childhood. His immigrant father died when Lawrence was two years old, and his mothers chronic bad health forced her to abandon him at age six. He was adopted by his mothers uncle and his wife, Ludovic and Emily Monsanto. Emily separated from Ludovic, taking Ferlinghetti with her to her family in Alsace, Strasbourg, Germany. There he learned French before he could speak English, and was educated in the classics and literature. When the Monsantos divorced, Emily returned to New York for monetary reasons, becoming a housekeeper for a family called Bislands. Eventually Emily quit her employment and deserted Ferlinghetti, leaving the Bislands to raise him. The Bislands sent him to private school and later, using the name Larry Farling, he attended the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill where he received a B.A. in Creative Writing in 1941. He enlisted in the Navy during WWII, was promoted to Lt. Commander, and took part in the D-Day invasion. He was at Nagasaki after the United States dropped the atomic bomb. Participating in war and seeing the aftermath of the bombing sharpened his political viewpoint. Taking advantage of the G.I. Bill, he received an M.A. at Columbia University in 1948, then went to Paris, France where he obtained his Ph.D. in Creative Writing at Sorbonne, University of Paris. In Paris he met other beat generation writers such as Dylan Thomas, Jack Kerouac and, Allen Ginsberg.

Ferlinghetti was in tune to the political climate of the times and he became a central figure in the San Francisco area artistic community. He lived in Oakland, California and opened the City of Lights Pocket Bookshop in 1953, selling magazines and newspapers with a political emphasis. He participated in the printing of Beatitude, a political magazine, and wrote novels and books of poetry including Coney Island of the Mind , published in 1958, Starting From San Francisco , 1961, and Her , 1965.

From the guide to the Lawrence Ferlinghetti Manuscript, 1962, (The University of New Mexico, University Libraries, Center for Southwest Research)

Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born on 24 March 1919, in Yonkers, NY, the youngest of five sons of Charles S. (an auctioneer) and Clemence (Mendes Monsanto). His father, an Italian immigrant, had shortened the family name upon arrival in America . Lawrence restored the family name in 1954. He attended the University of North Carolina (A.B., 1941), Columbia University (M.A., 1947) and Sorbonne, University of Paris (Doctorat de l'Universite with honors, 1949). He served with the U.S. Naval Reserve (1941-45) rising to lieutenant commander and was a commanding officer during the Normandy invasion. Known for his novels, short stories, plays, screenplays and poetry, Ferlinghetti has been awarded the National Book Award nomination (1970, for The Secret Meaning of Things), Notable Book of 1979 citation (Library Journal, 1980, for Landscapes of Living & Dying), Silver Medal for poetry (Commonwealth Club of California, 1986, for Over All the Obscene Boundaries), poetry prize, (City of Rome, 1993), San Francisco> street named in his honor (1994) and named first Poet Laureate of San Francisco (1998).

Throughout his career he has been a poet, playwright, editor, and painter; worked for Time, New York City, post-World War II; taught French in a adult education program, San Francisco, CA, 1951-52; City Lights Pocket Bookshop (now City Lights Books ), San Francisco, co-owner, 1953—, founder and editor of City Lights Books (publisher), 1955—. He has participated in numerous national and international literary conferences, art exhibitions, and poetry readings.

Published Works: Writings by the Author (Translator) Jacques Prevert , Selections from Paroles , City Lights , 1958 . Her (novel), New Directions , 1960 . edited by J. W. Ehrlich Howl of the Censor (trial proceedings) , Nourse Publishing , 1961 . (With Jack Spicer ) Dear Ferlinghetti , White Rabbit Press , 1962 . The Mexican Night: Travel Journal , New Directions , 1970 . A World Awash with Fascism and Fear , Cranium Press , 1971 . A Political Pamphlet , Anarchist Resistance Press , 1976 . Northwest Ecolog , City Lights , 1978 . (With Nancy J. Peters ) Literary San Francisco: A Pictorial History from the Beginning to the Present , Harper , 1980 . The Populist Manifestos (includes “First Populist Manifesto”), Grey Fox Press , 1983 . Seven Days in Nicaragua Libre City Lights ,(journal) 1985 . Leaves of Life: Fifty Drawings from the Model , City Lights , 1985 . (Translator with others) Nicanor Parra, Antipoems: New & Selected , New Directions , 1985 . (Translator with Francesca Valente ) Pier Paolo Pasolini, Roman Poems , City Lights , 1986 . Love in the Days of Rage (novel) Dutton , 1988 . (With Alexis Lykiard ) The Cool Eye: Lawrence Ferlinghetti Talks to Alexis Lykiard , Stride , 1993 . Gibbs Smith (With Christopher Felver ) Ferlinghetti: Portrait , 1998 . Poetry Pictures of the Gone World , City Lights , 1955 , enlarged edition, 1995 . Tentative Description of a Dinner Given to Promote the Impeachment of President Eisenhower , Golden Mountain Press , 1958 . A Coney Island of the Mind , New Directions , 1958 . Berlin , Golden Mountain Press , 1961 . One Thousand Fearful Words for Fidel Castro , City Lights , 1961 . Starting from San Francisco, with recording of poems , New Directions , 1961 , revised edition without recording, 1967 . (With Gregory Corso and Allen Ginsberg ) Penguin Modern Poets 5 , Penguin , 1963 . Thoughts of a Concerto of Telemann , Four Seasons Foundation , 1963 . Where Is Vietnam? , City Lights , 1965 . To F— Is to Love Again, Kyrie Eleison Kerista; or, The Situation in the West, Followed by a Holy Proposal , F— You Press , 1965 . Christ Climbed Down , Syracuse University , 1965 . MacGibbon & Kee , An Eye On the World: Selected Poems , 1967 . Moscow in the Wilderness ,Segovia in the Snow, Beach Books , 1967 . After the Cries of the Birds , Dave Haselwood Books , 1967 . Fuclock , Fire Publications , 1968 . Reverie Smoking Grass , East 128 , 1968 . The Secret Meaning of Things , New Directions , 1969 . Tyrannus Nix? , New Directions , 1969 . Back Roads to Far Places , New Directions , 1971 . Love Is No Stone on the Moon , ARIF Press , 1971 . The Illustrated Wilfred Funk , City Lights , 1971 . Open Eye, Open Heart , New Directions , 1973 . Director of Alienation: A Poem , Main Street , 1976 . Who Are We Now? (also see below), City Lights , 1976 . Landscapes of Living and Dying (also see below), New Directions , 1979 . Mule Mountain Dreams , Bisbee Press Collective , 1980 . A Trip to Italy and France , New Directions , 1980 . Endless Life: Selected Poems (includes “Endless Life”), New Directions , 1984 . Over All the Obscene Boundaries: European Poems and Transitions , New Directions , 1985 . Inside the Trojan Horse , Lexikos , 1987 . Wild Dreams of a New Beginning: Including “Landscapes of Living & Dying” and “Who Are We Now?” , New Directions , 1988 . When I Look at Pictures , Peregrine Smith Books , 1990 . These Are My Rivers: New & Selected Poems, 1955-1993 , New Directions (New York City) , 1993 . A Far Rockaway of the Heart , New Directions , 1997 . Plays Unfair Arguments with Existence: Seven Plays for a New Theatre (contains The Soldiers of No Country [produced in London , 1969 ], Three Thousand Red Ants [produced in New York City , 1970 ; also see below], The Alligation [produced in San Francisco , 1962 ; also see below], The Victims of Amnesia [produced in New York City , 1970 ; also see below], Motherlode, The Customs Collector in Baggy Pants [produced in New York City , 1964 ], and The Nose of Sisyphus ), New Directions , 1963 . Routines (contains thirteen short plays, including The Jig Is Up, His Head, Ha-Ha, and Non-Objection), New Directions , 1964 . 3 by Ferlinghetti: Three Thousand Red Ants, The Alligation, [and] The Victims of Amnesia ,produced in New York City , 1970 . Editor Beatitude Anthology , City Lights , 1960 . Pablo Picasso, Hunk of Skin , City Lights , 1969 . Charles Upton, Panic Grass , City Lights , 1969 . City Lights Anthology , City Lights , 1974, 1995 . City Lights Pocket Poets Anthology , City Lights , 1995 . Recordings (With Kenneth Rexroth ) Poetry Readings in “The Cellar,” Fantasy , 1958 . Tentative Description of a Dinner to Impeach President Eisenhower, and Other Poems , Fantasy, 1959 . Tyrannus Nix? and Assassination Raga , Fantasy, 1971 . (With Corso and Ginsberg ) The World's Greatest Poets 1 CMS , 1971 .

From the guide to the Lawrence Ferlinghetti Papers., ca. 1963., (Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center .)

As did other members of the Beat generation, Ferlinghetti and his fellow poets rejected the values of Middle America. They searched their souls, found alternate ways of experiencing and relating to the world around them, and through their writing, attempted to return poetry back to the masses.

Common beliefs held by members of this group were: an opposition to violence in both art and life, a concern for the development of the whole man, and the idea that love provides meaning in life. These beliefs played an important role in the shaping of the counter culture, which appeared in the 1960s, represented by the Hippie movement. Ferglinghetti believed that through the establishment of his bookstore in 1953, City Lights Pocket Bookshop (now called City Lights Books; the first all paper-bound bookstore in the country), he established a cultural center that linked the Beats of the fifties to the Hippies of the sixties.

Born on March 24, 1919 or 1920, probably in Yonkers, N.Y., perhaps in the Virgin Islands or in Paris, France, Lawrence Ferlinghetti was the fifth and last son of Clemence (Monsanto) and Charles S. Ferlinghetti. His father, an Italian auctioneer, arrived without papers in this country from Lombardy around the turn of the century. Ferlinghetti’s father shortened the family name to Ferling and it remained that way until 1954 when Lawrence restored the name to its original form.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti did not know his parents because his father died suddenly before his birth and his mother was enclosed in an asylum shortly after she gave birth to him. A French aunt (Emily Monsanto) took Lawrence Ferlinghetti to France while still a baby. He remained there for an unknown number of years.

He eventually returned to the United States where he received a B.A. degree from the University of North Carolina, an M.A. degree from Columbia University in 1948 and a Doctorate de l’ Universite from the Sorbonne in Paris in 1951. During April of that year he married Kirby Selden Smith. They had two children – Julie and Lorenzo.

Ferlinghetti is noted for the establishment of his bookstore, publishing the Pocket poet Series, and his poetry. During his career, he has served as editor for all City Lights books; written numerous poems, broadsides, and novels; made a film; recorded readings of his poetry; and contributes to numerous books and journals.

Sources

Contemporary Authors: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Authors and Their Works, pp. 373-375.

Meltzer and Shoemaker. Bibliography from taped interview. Ferlinghetti Collection papers? , DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.

From the guide to the Lawrence Ferlinghetti papers Mss 0013c., 1967-1972, (DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University)

Archival Resources
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referencedIn June Oppen Degnan Papers, 1959-1973 University of California, San Diego. Geisel Library. Mandeville Special Collections Library.
referencedIn Ginsberg, Allen, 1926-1997. Allen Ginsberg letters to Maria Rosa Almendros, 1965. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Judson Memorial Church Archive, 1838-1995 Fales Library & Special Collections
creatorOf Snyder, Gary. [Watershed, Writers, Nature and Community miscellany. UC Berkeley Libraries
creatorOf New Directions Publishing Corp. New Directions Publishing Corp. records, ca. 1933-1997. Houghton Library
creatorOf Kaufman, Alan. Viva Ferlinghetti scrapbook : San Francisco, Calif., 1994. UC Berkeley Libraries
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referencedIn Brown, William D., 1918-. William D. Brown letters, 1946-1968. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Swansea, Charleen. Charleen Swansea papers, 1928-2004. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Aleksandrovich, 1933-. Papers, ca. 1920-1999, ca. 1945-1997 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Book dealers' and publishers' catalogs with listings for Ginsberg, Ferlinghetti and Beat items, 1980-2001. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn William S. Burroughs papers, 1951-1972, 1958-1972 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
referencedIn Creeley, Robert, 1926-2005. Papers, 1951-1990. Washington University in St. Louis, .
referencedIn Jeffery Beam Papers (#4888), ca. 1968-2007 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. A few cool words for 'Howl.' [Typescript] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn Brandi, John. John Brandi papers, 1964-1999. UC Berkeley Libraries
creatorOf Kramer, Aaron, 1921-. Aaron Kramer papers, ca. 1940-1986. Houghton Library
referencedIn Steiner, Stan. Papers, ca. 1961-1987. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Morgan, Bill, 1949- ,. Poetry readings, film and theatrical shows, and exhibitions : posters, programs and announcements, 1950s-2000. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Chadabe, Joel. Street scene : for tape, projections, & English horn / by Joel Chadabe ; poem by Lawrence Ferlinghetti ; projections by A. William Clark. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
referencedIn Beach Archive, ca. 1962-1973 Fales Library & Special Collections
referencedIn Ginsberg, Allen, 1926-1997. Allen Ginsberg papers, 1937-1994. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Morgan, Bill, 1949- ,. Ferlinghetti biography and criticism, 1960-2008. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
referencedIn Lamantia, Philip, 1927-2005. Philip Lamantia photograph collection [graphic]. UC Berkeley Libraries
creatorOf New Directions Publishing Corp. Manuscripts and proofs of New Directions books, 1937-1997. Houghton Library
referencedIn Stortoni, Laura Anna, 1942-. Photographs of Dacia Maraini, 1993. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Zukofsky, Louis, 1904-1978. Louis Zukofsky Collection, 1910-1985. Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Koch, Peter Rutledge. Black Stone Press and Peter Koch, Printer : broadsides and ephemera, 1974-2010. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf McLellan, Francis R., fl. 20th cent. To Lawrence Ferlinghetti : typescript, [undated]. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Alegría, Fernando, 1918-2005. Fernando Alegría papers, 1924-2000 (1940-1998). Stanford university libraries
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Manuscript, 1962. University of New Mexico-Main Campus
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. The love nut / Lawrence Ferlinghetti. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Over all the obscene boundaries : European poems & transitions / Lawrence Ferlinghetti. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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referencedIn Morgan, Bill, 1949- ,. Ferlinghetti biography and criticism: oversize, 1965-2004. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Office files of The American Poetry Review, 1975-1984. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Gordon Cairnie papers, 1922-1973. Houghton Library
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Letters, 1970-71, San Francisco, to Charles Plymell, Cherry Valley, N.Y. Ball State University Library, Bracken Library
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 1919-. Berlin : poem, [1961, August 28 -October]. Brown University Archives, John Hay Library
referencedIn Aaron Kramer papers, ca. 1940 -1986. Houghton Library
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Sawmill haiku / Lawrence Ferlinghetti. The Sage Colleges Libraries
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence,. Lawrence Ferlinghetti letters : to Stella Dallas Levy and Kevin Starr, 1966, 1977. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn M. L. Rosenthal Papers, ca. 1930-1996 Fales Library & Special Collections
referencedIn Guide to the Daily Worker and Daily World Photographs Collection, 1920-2001 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Helm, Michael. City Miner photograph collection [graphic]. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Henderson, Scott, 1956-. Come lie with me and be my love / music, Scott Henderson ; poem, Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Indiana University
referencedIn Poetry mss., 1954-2002 Lilly Library (Indiana University, Bloomington)
referencedIn Lawrence Ferlinghetti artwork, 1980-2000. University of California, Santa Cruz, UCSC
referencedIn Shumlin, Herman, 1898-. Papers, 1930-1968. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
referencedIn Fernando Alegria papers, 1924-2000, 1940-1998 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Inventory to the Records of the Conference on Literature and Urban Experience (CLUE), Rutgers University Newark, April 17-19, 1980, 1978-1983 Rutgers Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Ball, Gordon. Allen Ginsberg and Friends : photocopies of photographs, 1971-1997. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Ralph B. Sipper Books. Records, 1997. Indiana University
referencedIn First Poems of American Poets. First Poems of American Poets records, 1969-1970. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Lowenfels, Walter, 1897-1976. Papers, 1966-1967. Washington University in St. Louis, .
referencedIn Combs, Tram, 1924-. Tram Combs papers : and other material, 1956-1973 (bulk 1958-1966). California Digital Library
referencedIn Allen Ginsberg papers, 1937-1994 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Morgan, Bill, 1949- ,. Articles related to the Beats: oversize, 1983-2007. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
creatorOf Owen D. Young Library. Special Collections. Miscellaneous manuscripts: A-F, 1767-1981. Campbell University, Wiggins Memorial Library
referencedIn Corso, Gregory. Gregory Corso papers, 1960-1970. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Interview with Lawrence Ferlinghetti : typescript, 1967 Mar. 25. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Knight, Arthur. Photographic portraits of British and American writers, 1956-1958. Temple University Libraries, Paley Library
referencedIn Papers of George Wald, 1927-1996 Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn City Lights Books. City Lights Books records, 1953-1970. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Autograph collection of American writers, 1808-1970. Temple University Libraries, Paley Library
referencedIn Judson Crews Papers TXRC94-A16., 1935-1981, (bulk 1940-1966) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Barnes, Djuna. Papers. University of Maryland (College Park, Md.). Libraries
referencedIn New Directions Publishing records Houghton Library
creatorOf Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. Three thousand red ants [sound recording], 1964 Feb. 9. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Mark Green papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Origin Archive, 1951-1968 Fales Library & Special Collections
creatorOf Logan, Andy. Andy Logan papers, 1923-2000. New York Public Library System, NYPL
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Adler, Harold. person
associatedWith Aldan, Daisy, person
associatedWith Aldan, Daisy, 1923- person
associatedWith Alegr? a, Fernando, 1918- person
associatedWith Alegría, Fernando, 1918-2005. person
associatedWith Allen, Donald, 1912-2004. person
associatedWith Amram, David, person
associatedWith Angel Hair Books (New York, N.Y.). corporateBody
associatedWith Angulo, Gui de. person
associatedWith Aronow, Abe. person
associatedWith Auster, Paul, 1947- person
associatedWith Ball, Gordon. person
associatedWith Barnes, Djuna person
associatedWith Barnes, Djuna. person
associatedWith Beach, Mary. person
correspondedWith Beam, Jeffery, 1953- person
associatedWith Bergé, Carol, 1928- person
associatedWith Bergé, Carol, 1928-2006. person
associatedWith Better Books. corporateBody
associatedWith Biderman, Peggy person
associatedWith Biderman, Peggy. person
associatedWith Bowles, Paul, 1910- person
associatedWith Bowles, Paul, 1910-1999. person
associatedWith Boyle, Kay, 1902-1992 person
correspondedWith Brandi, John. person
correspondedWith Brautigan, Richard person
associatedWith Bridson, D. G. 1910- person
associatedWith Brossard, Chandler, 1922-1993 person
associatedWith Brown, William D., 1918- person
associatedWith Burns, Kristine Helen. person
associatedWith Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997 person
correspondedWith Cairnie, Gordon. person
associatedWith Chadabe, Joel. person
associatedWith Charters, Ann. person
associatedWith Chiarello, Gail. person
associatedWith Christie, Margaret, person
associatedWith City Lights Books corporateBody
associatedWith City Lights Booksellers and Publishers. corporateBody
associatedWith Combs, Tram, 1924- person
associatedWith Communist Party of the United States of America. corporateBody
associatedWith Cook, Ralph T. person
associatedWith Cope, David, 1948-. person
associatedWith Corso, Gregory person
associatedWith Corso, Gregory, 1930- . person
correspondedWith Creeley, Robert, 1926-2005. person
associatedWith Crews, Judson person
associatedWith Crews, Judson. person
correspondedWith Cummings, E. E. (Edward Estlin), 1894-1962 person
associatedWith Dana, Robert, 1929-2010. person
associatedWith Deemer, Bill. person
correspondedWith Degnan, June Oppen person
associatedWith Degnan, June Oppen. person
associatedWith Delbanco, Nicholas. person
associatedWith Deutsch, Babette, 1895-1982, person
associatedWith Di Prima, Diane, Archives person
associatedWith Dowden, George person
associatedWith Economou, George. person
associatedWith Economou, George. person
associatedWith Eisenlord, William J. person
associatedWith Felver, Christopher, 1946- person
associatedWith Ferrini, Vincent. person
associatedWith First Poems of American Poets. corporateBody
associatedWith Free Library of Philadelphia. corporateBody
associatedWith Gartenberg, Max, person
associatedWith Gascoyne, David Emery, 1916-2001 person
associatedWith Ginsberg, Allen, 1926-1997 person
associatedWith Green, Mark person
associatedWith Green, Mark L., 1932-2004. person
associatedWith Hammer, Edna. person
associatedWith Hammer, Mark. person
associatedWith Hanuman books. corporateBody
associatedWith Harris, Marguerite, Archives person
associatedWith Hedley, Leslie Woolf, 1918- person
associatedWith Helm, Michael. person
associatedWith Henderson, Scott, 1956- person
associatedWith Hiebel, Hans, 1941- person
associatedWith Hirschman, Jack, 1933- person
correspondedWith Inman, Will, 1923- person
associatedWith Jackson, Joseph Henry, 1894-1955. person
associatedWith J.B. Lippincott Company, corporateBody
associatedWith Judson Memorial Church (New York, N.Y.). corporateBody
associatedWith Kaufman, Alan. person
associatedWith Keenan, Larry. person
associatedWith Kerouac, Jack, 1922-1969 person
associatedWith Kinter, William Lewis, 1915- person
associatedWith Kinter, William L. (William Lewis), 1915- person
associatedWith Knight, Arthur. person
associatedWith Koch, Peter. person
associatedWith Koch, Peter Rutledge. person
associatedWith Kramer, Aaron, 1921- person
correspondedWith Kramer, Aaron, 1921- person
associatedWith Kruh, Hillary, 1961- person
associatedWith Lamantia, Philip, 1927-2005. person
associatedWith Laughlin, James, 1914-1997, person
correspondedWith Levy, Stella Dallas person
associatedWith Logan, Andy person
correspondedWith Lowenfels, Walter, 1897-1976. person
associatedWith Mancini, Mojo. person
associatedWith McClure, Michael. person
associatedWith McHugh, Vincent, 1904-1983, person
associatedWith McLellan, Francis R., fl. 20th cent. person
associatedWith Miles, Barry, 1943- person
associatedWith Miller, Charles H. (Charles Henry) person
associatedWith Modern Poetry Association corporateBody
associatedWith Morgan, Bill, 1949- person
associatedWith Musto, John, 1954- person
associatedWith Nessell, Jack. person
associatedWith New Directions Incorporated, corporateBody
associatedWith New Directions Publishing Corp. corporateBody
correspondedWith New Yorker Magazine, Inc corporateBody
associatedWith Nicoletta, Daniel, 1954- person
associatedWith Nowinski, Ira. person
associatedWith Ogar, Richard, 1941- person
associatedWith Online Archive of California. corporateBody
correspondedWith Oppenheimer, Joel person
associatedWith Origin (Boston, Mass.). corporateBody
associatedWith Owen D. Young Library. Special Collections. corporateBody
correspondedWith Oyez Press corporateBody
associatedWith Patchen, Kenneth, 1911-1972 person
associatedWith Patchen, Kenneth Papers. person
correspondedWith Paterson, John, 1923-, person
associatedWith Pélieu, Claude. person
associatedWith Perl, Arnold, person
associatedWith Peters, Robert, 1924- person
associatedWith Plymell, Charles. person
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associatedWith Ralph B. Sipper Books. corporateBody
associatedWith Red Ozier Press corporateBody
correspondedWith Rexroth, Kenneth, 1905-1982 person
associatedWith Rosenthal, Irving, 1930- person
associatedWith Rothenberg, Jerome, 1931- person
correspondedWith Sanders, Ed. person
correspondedWith Sanders, Ed. person
associatedWith Savage, Stephen M. person
associatedWith Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 person
associatedWith Sherick, Michael J. person
associatedWith Shumlin, Herman, 1898- person
associatedWith Siegmeister, Elie, 1909-1991. person
associatedWith Smith, Hassel, 1915- person
correspondedWith Starr, Kevin person
associatedWith Steiner, Stan. person
associatedWith Swansea, Charleen person
associatedWith Swansea, Charleen. person
associatedWith Tamiment Library. corporateBody
associatedWith The Conference on Literature and Urban Experience (CLUE), Rutgers University Newark corporateBody
correspondedWith Tyler, Hamilton, A. person
associatedWith Upton, Charles person
associatedWith U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, corporateBody
correspondedWith Vermont, Charlie person
associatedWith Vidal, Gore, 1925- person
associatedWith Wald, George. person
associatedWith Waldman, Anne, 1945-. person
associatedWith Winn, Ruth E. (Ruth Ellen) person
associatedWith Woods, Eddie person
associatedWith Woods, Eddie, 1940- person
associatedWith Yevtushenko, Yevgeny person
associatedWith Zukofsky, Louis, 1904-1978 person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Yonkers NY US
San Francisco CA US
Subject
American literature
Publishers and publishing
Publishers and publishing
Authors, American
American poetry
Poets, American
Authors and publishers
Beat generation
Bohemianism
Literature publishing
Male authors, American
Poems
Poets
Social problems in art
Occupation
Activists
Authors, American
Poets, American
Booksellers
Painters
Poets
Publishers
Activity

Person

Birth 1919-03-24

Death 2021-02-22

Americans

Spanish; Castilian,

Chinese,

Italian,

Russian,

French,

Portuguese,

Japanese,

Croatian,

English,

German,

Finnish

Information

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