Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997

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William S. Burroughs (1914-1997) was an American experimental novelist, "beat" poet, and cultural icon.

From the guide to the William S. Burroughs Letter, undated, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries)

William S. Burroughs (1914-1997), American novelist, essayist, writer of experimental fiction. A primary member of the Beat generation, he was an avant-garde author who affected postwar popular culture as well as literature.

From the description of William S. Burroughs collection. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 762145657

From the description of Barry Miles William S. Burroughs collection, 1957-2000. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 428733921

American author. Burroughs was one of three major writers, with Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, whose work typified the Beat Generation, an important artistic and cultural movement of the 1950's.

From the description of Papers, [ca. 1953-ca. 1985]. (Ohio State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 21961286

Twentieth century American literary author.

From the description of William S. Burroughs collection, 1938- (Scottsdale Public Library). WorldCat record id: 28132428

American Beat writer.

From the description of William S. Burroughs letter to Jack Crimmins [manuscript], 1985 July 1. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 369173813

William S. Burroughs (1914-1997), an American writer, is one of the literary figures identified with the Beat movement. A prose-poet, Burroughs is known as an experimental innovator of forms (such as the cut-up technique), unique narrative techniques and moods in his writings. He is the grandson of William Burroughs (1855-1898), the inventor of the first recording adding machine and founder of the Burroughs Adding Machine Company. At Harvard, Burroughs studied literature, linguistics, and anthropology. Later, in the process of drifting through odd jobs in New York City, he became a drug addict. From the late 1940's to 1973, Burroughs lived in Mexico, Tangiers, London, and Paris, returning briefly to New York in 1965. In 1981 he moved to Lawrence, Kansas where he died August 3, 1997 at the age of 83.

From the guide to the William Seward Burroughs Papers, 1938-1997, 1959-1978, (Arizona State University Libraries Special Collections)

American writer.

From the description of Correspondence, 1961-1965. (University of California, San Diego). WorldCat record id: 18393927

Writer; close friend of Brion Gysin, who lives in Paris.

From the description of Letters, 1980, to Brion Gysin. (Brown University). WorldCat record id: 122491569

William S. Burroughs was born in 1914 in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended private schools in St. Louis before a brief stint at the Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico. He received a bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1936.

After graduating from Harvard, Burroughs spent a few years traveling through Europe, followed by a short stint in the US Army. After his discharge from the Army Burroughs moved to Chicago where he worked a string of odd jobs and spent time with his friend David Kammerer and Kammerer's obsession, University of Chicago student Lucien Carr. When Carr transferred from UC to Columbia University, both of the older men used this as an impetus to move to New York City as well.

It was through Carr that Burroughs met Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac. The three, along with Carr, Kerouac's girlfriend Edie Parker and her roommate Joan Vollmer, forged close friendships centered around a shared love of literature, drugs, and a bohemian lifestyle. It was during this time that Burroughs was first introduced to narcotics through the well known Times Square hustler, and writer, Herbert Huncke and quickly became addicted to opiates. Jean Vollmer, Burroughs's lover, and later common-law wife, also suffered from an addiction that eventually resulted in her hospitalization for acute amphetamine psychosis. The two had a son, William S. Burroughs Jr., before Burroughs accidentally, but fatally, shot Vollmer in Mexico City.

Burroughs began working on the manuscript that would eventually become Junky in Mexico City before Vollmer's death. Though he had briefly worked on the short story "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks" with Jack Kerouac, he did not have literary aspirations. Even while working on Junkie he assumed that the autobiographical novel would be an anomaly, not the beginning of a literary career.

After his trial over Vollmer's death, Burroughs thought it prudent to leave Mexico. He spent more time traveling in South America researching the hallucinatory drug yage and corresponding with Allen Ginsberg, who was by this point acting as his literary agent, about his search for the drug and its effects. These letters formed the basis of Burroughs and Ginsberg's book The Yage Letters. After the yage quest, Burroughs returned, briefly, to New York where he initiated an intense but mostly one-sided romantic and sexual relationship with Ginsberg before leaving the United States for a brief stay in Rome and then Tangier.

While in Tangier Burroughs completed the text that would become The Naked Lunch. Interzone, as he called the working manuscript, was, in opposition to his earlier works Junkie and Queer, a non-linear collection of loosely connected episodes. Allen Ginsberg, who, along with Peter Orlovsky and Jack Kerouac, had traveled to Tangier to help collect and type a clean copy of the manuscript, presented The Naked Lunch to Maurice Girodias of the Olympia Press. Though Girodias was not initially interested in the work, he did decide to print it after all in 1959. An American edition, based on a 1958 manuscript of the novel (currently part of the Allen Ginsberg Papers held by the RBML) was published by Grove Press in 1962.

Burroughs then moved to Paris where he continued writing and producing the episodic sketches that, combined with material from The Naked Lunch manuscripts, comprise The Soft Machine, The Ticket that Exploded, and Nova Express. While in Paris living in a guesthouse christened the Beat Hotel with Ginsberg, Orlovsky, Gergory Corso, and Harold Chapman, Burroughs first came into contact with Brion Gysin. Gysin, a painter, had a profound impact on Burroughs and Gysin's "cut-up technique" where strips of two different texts were aligned to create a new, composite text became a prominent feature of Burroughs's future writing.

In 1974 Burroughs returned to the United States. He accepted a teaching post at City College of New York that Allen Ginsberg had recommended him for and settled into an apartment nicknamed The Bunker on Manhattan's Lower East Side. During this time Burroughs became acquainted with James Grauerholz, a young beat devotee who became Burroughs's devoted manager, secretary, and companion.

Burroughs moved to Lawrence Kansas in 1981 and remained there until his death in 1997. During the later part of his life he wrote less and less, focusing on visual art and spoken word performances. He also appears in the Gus Van Sant movie Naked Cowboy.

From the description of William S. Burroughs papers, 1957-1976. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 429426712

BIOGHIST REQUIRED William S. Burroughs was born in 1914 in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended private schools in St. Louis before a brief stint at the Los Alamos Ranch School in New Mexico. He received a bachelor's degree from Harvard in 1936.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED After graduating from Harvard, Burroughs spent a few years traveling through Europe, followed by a short stint in the US Army. After his discharge from the Army Burroughs moved to Chicago where he worked a string of odd jobs and spent time with his friend David Kammerer and Kammerer's obsession, University of Chicago student Lucien Carr. When Carr transferred from UC to Columbia University, both of the older men used this as an impetus to move to New York City as well.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED It was through Carr that Burroughs met Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac. The three, along with Carr, Kerouac's girlfriend Edie Parker and her roommate Joan Vollmer, forged close friendships centered around a shared love of literature, drugs, and a bohemian lifestyle. It was during this time that Burroughs was first introduced to narcotics through the well known Times Square hustler, and writer, Herbert Huncke and quickly became addicted to opiates. Jean Vollmer, Burroughs's lover, and later common-law wife, also suffered from an addiction that eventually resulted in her hospitalization for acute amphetamine psychosis. The two had a son, William S. Burroughs Jr., before Burroughs accidentally, but fatally, shot Vollmer in Mexico City.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Burroughs began working on the manuscript that would eventually become Junky in Mexico City before Vollmer's death. Though he had briefly worked on the short story "And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks" with Jack Kerouac, he did not have literary aspirations. Even while working on Junkie he assumed that the autobiographical novel would be an anomaly, not the beginning of a literary career.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED After his trial over Vollmer's death, Burroughs thought it prudent to leave Mexico. He spent more time traveling in South America researching the hallucinatory drug yage and corresponding with Allen Ginsberg, who was by this point acting as his literary agent, about his search for the drug and its effects. These letters formed the basis of Burroughs and Ginsberg's book The Yage Letters . After the yage quest, Burroughs returned, briefly, to New York where he initiated an intense but mostly one-sided romantic and sexual relationship with Ginsberg before leaving the United States for a brief stay in Rome and then Tangier.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED While in Tangier Burroughs completed the text that would become The Naked Lunch. Interzone, as he called the working manuscript, was, in opposition to his earlier works Junkie and Queer, a non-linear collection of loosely connected episodes. Allen Ginsberg, who, along with Peter Orlovsky and Jack Kerouac, had traveled to Tangier to help collect and type a clean copy of the manuscript, presented The Naked Lunch to Maurice Girodias of the Olympia Press. Though Girodias was not initially interested in the work, he did decide to print it after all in 1959. An American edition, based on a 1958 manuscript of the novel (currently part of the Allen Ginsberg Papers held by the RBML) was published by Grove Press in 1962.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Burroughs then moved to Paris where he continued writing and producing the episodic sketches that, combined with material from The Naked Lunch manuscripts, comprise The Soft Machine, The Ticket that Exploded, and Nova Express. While in Paris living in a guesthouse christened the Beat Hotel with Ginsberg, Orlovsky, Gergory Corso, and Harold Chapman, Burroughs first came into contact with Brion Gysin. Gysin, a painter, had a profound impact on Burroughs and Gysin's "cut-up technique" where strips of two different texts were aligned to create a new, composite text became a prominent feature of Burroughs's future writing.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED In 1974 Burroughs returned to the United States. He accepted a teaching post at City College of New York that Allen Ginsberg had recommended him for and settled into an apartment nicknamed The Bunker on Manhattan's Lower East Side. During this time Burroughs became acquainted with James Grauerholz, a young beat devotee who became Burroughs's devoted manager, secretary, and companion.

BIOGHIST REQUIRED Burroughs moved to Lawrence Kansas in 1981 and remained there until his death in 1997. During the later part of his life he wrote less and less, focusing on visual art and spoken word performances. He also appears in the Gus Van Sant movie Naked Cowboy.

From the guide to the William Seward Burroughs Papers, 1957-1976., (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library, )

Archival Resources
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creatorOf Burroughs, William S., 1914-. El almuerzo desnudo [recurso electrónico] / William S. Burroughs. Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico
referencedIn Eddie Woods papers, circa 1957- 2009 Cecil H. Green Library. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Ball, Gordon. Allen Ginsberg and Friends : photocopies of photographs, 1971-1997. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Cronenberg, David, 1943-.... Le festin nu / David Cronenberg, réal., scénario ; d'après le roman de William S. Burroughs ; Peter Weller, Judy Davis, Ian Holm... [et al.], act. Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF
creatorOf Klactoveedsedsteen. Klactoveedsedsteen Records, 1965-1969. Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Hagedorn, Jessica Tarahata, 1949-. Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn photograph collection [graphic]. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn My Own Magazine Archive, 1963-1965 Fales Library & Special Collections
referencedIn Peter Orlovsky Papers, 1954-1971. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Serpent's Tail/High Risk Archive, ca. 1990-1997 Fales Library & Special Collections
creatorOf Hawkins, John, 1944-2007. Three cavatinas : on fragments from Walt Whitman, W. B. Yeats, [and] William S. Burroughs / John Hawkins. University of Michigan
creatorOf Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997. William S. Burroughs Collection of Papers, 1951-1972 bulk (1958-1972). New York Public Library System, NYPL
creatorOf Calder & Boyars mss. Lilly Library (Indiana University, Bloomington)
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referencedIn The bicentennial dilemma: who's in control? videorecordings, 1975 Bentley Historical Library
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referencedIn Morgan, Ted, 1932-. Ted Morgan papers, 1983-1988. Arizona State University Libraries
referencedIn Felver, Christopher, 1946-. Chris Felver photographs of 20th century American poets, 1981-2003. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
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referencedIn Bowles, Paul, 1910-1999. Letters to Brion Gysin [manuscript], 1975-1978. University of Virginia. Library
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creatorOf Ansen, Alan. Collection of literary manuscripts, [ca.1953-1960]. State Library of Ohio
referencedIn Terry Southern papers, 1924-1995, 1955-1995 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
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referencedIn Anthony Burgess Papers TXRC00-A18., 1956-1997 (bulk 1970s-1980s) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Kerouac, Edie Parker, 1923-1992. Edie Parker and Henri Cru papers, 1883-2004. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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creatorOf Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997. Collection of autograph and typed letters signed : London, New York, etc., to Brion Gysin, 1964-1980 1973-1976. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Ginsberg, Allen, 1926-1997. Allen Ginsberg papers, 1937-1994. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf McArthur, Bill. Bill McArthur letters received as editor of Cleft and Gambit literary periodicals, 1962-1964. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn Autograph collection of American writers, 1808-1970. Temple University Libraries, Paley Library
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referencedIn Autograph File, B, ca.1500-1982 Houghton Library
creatorOf Cronenberg, David, 1943-.... Le festin nu / David Cronenberg, réal., scénario ; d'après le roman de William S. Burroughs ; Peter Weller, Judy Davis, Ian Holm... [et al.], act. Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF
referencedIn American Author Portraits [manuscript], 1774-1902. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Sylvere Lotringer Papers and Semiotext(e) Archive, Bulk, 1973-2000, 1960-2000 Fales Library & Special Collections
referencedIn Allen Ginsberg papers Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf William S. Burroughs Letter, undated Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
creatorOf Burroughs, William S., 1914-. Yonqui [recurso electrónico] / William S. Burroughs. Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico
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referencedIn Holmes, John Clellon, 1926-1988. Collection of five typed letters, signed and unsigned, and one typed journal entry : place not specified, to Jack Kerouac, 1950 Feb. 3-1965 July 15. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Kerouac, Jack, 1922-1969. Collection of 68 letters and 30 postcards, autograph and typed, most signed, to John Clellon Holmes; with: 1 typed letter to Alan Harrington, and 1 uncompleted letter from Neal Cassady to Holmes; Jack Kerouac autograph manuscript comprising a critique of John Clellon Holmes's novel "Go"; t.l.s. from [Kit and Arthur Knight] to Alfred Hirsch, July 24, 1983; t.l.s. from Maurice Neville to Alfred Hirsch, July 26, 1983. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Notes from Underground. Manuscripts-Letters-Pasteups, 1959-1974. Temple University Libraries, Paley Library
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referencedIn Manganotti, Donatella. Donatella Manganotti papers, 1961-1967. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
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referencedIn Kurtzman, Allan H. Collection of material about Beat writers and artists, ca. 1950-1989. University of California, Los Angeles
creatorOf Burroughs, William S., 1914-1997. Typed letter signed : Lawrence, Kan., to Bob Williams, 1995 Jan. 23. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Gysin, Brion. Brion Gysin collection, 1939-1980. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
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referencedIn Orlovsky, Peter, 1933-2010. Papers, 1954-1971. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Ira Silverberg Papers, 1980-2007 Fales Library & Special Collections
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referencedIn Lotringer, Sylvère. Sylvere Lotringer Papers and Semiotext(e) Archive 1960-2000 (Bulk 1973-2000). Fales Library & Special Collections
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referencedIn Morgan, Bill, 1949- ,. Articles related to the Beats: oversize, 1983-2007. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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referencedIn Barney Rosset papers Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Charles Henri Ford Papers TXRC97-A13., 1928-1981 Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
creatorOf Bromige, David. Smelt Money Collection, 1996-2000. Ohio State University Libraries
creatorOf Corso, Gregory, 1930- . Gregory Corso Collection, 1890-1978 (bulk 1950-1976). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
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referencedIn Pelieu, Claude. Claude Pelieu collection, 1953-1974. Arizona State University Libraries
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creatorOf William Seward Burroughs Papers, 1938-1997, 1959-1978 Arizona State University Libraries Special Collections
referencedIn Gregory Corso Collection TXRC00-A15., 1890-1978, (1950-1976) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
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referencedIn (Everett) Leroi Jones (aka Amiri Baraka) Papers, 1957-1965 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
referencedIn Allen Ginsberg papers, 1937-1994 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
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referencedIn John Ciardi Papers, 1910-1997, (bulk 1960-1985) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
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creatorOf Cope, David, 1948-. Papers, 1976(?)- University of Michigan
referencedIn Felver, Christopher, 1946-. The group surrounding Allen Ginsberg : photographs, 1980-1985. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
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referencedIn "In search of yage" publisher's archive, 1998-1999. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Aaron, Richard, person
associatedWith Aaron, Richard Emmet. person
associatedWith Alamūt Castle (Iran) corporateBody
associatedWith Anderson, Laurie, 1947- person
associatedWith Anger, Kenneth person
associatedWith Anger, Kenneth. person
associatedWith Ansen, Alan. person
associatedWith Anson, Alan. person
associatedWith Apple, Jacki person
associatedWith Avedon, Richard. person
associatedWith Balch, Anthony. person
associatedWith Ball, Gordon. person
associatedWith Baraka, Amiri, 1934- person
associatedWith Beat Generation (Group of writers) corporateBody
associatedWith Beckett, Samuel, 1906-1989. person
associatedWith Beiles, Sinclair. person
associatedWith Belli, Bill person
associatedWith Belli, Bill. person
associatedWith Berger, Udo. person
associatedWith Berkson, Bill person
associatedWith Berkson, Bill. person
associatedWith Berrigan, Ted. person
associatedWith Bicentennial Dilemma: Who's in Charge? person
associatedWith Bockris, Victor, 1949- person
associatedWith Bowles, Jane Auer, 1917-1973. person
associatedWith Bowles, Paul, 1910-1999. person
associatedWith Brookner, Howard. person
associatedWith Burden, Carter, person
associatedWith Burgess, Anthony, 1917-1993 person
associatedWith Burroughs, William S., 1947-1981. person
associatedWith Cable 13 (Television station : Durham, N.C.) corporateBody
associatedWith Calder & Boyars. corporateBody
associatedWith Capote, Truman, person
associatedWith Ciardi, John, 1916-1986. person
associatedWith City Lights Books. corporateBody
associatedWith Cohen, Ira. person
associatedWith Cope, David, 1948- person
associatedWith Corso, Gregory person
associatedWith Corso, Gregory, 1930- . person
associatedWith Corso, Gregory Michael, 1947-. person
associatedWith Creeley, Robert, person
associatedWith Crimmins, Jack, person
associatedWith De Sana, Jimmy person
associatedWith Dienst, Rolf-Gunter. person
associatedWith Di Prima, Diane. person
associatedWith Elvins, Kells person
associatedWith Elvins, Kells person
associatedWith Fanchette, Jean. person
associatedWith Felver, Christopher, 1946- person
associatedWith Ferlinghetti, Lawrence person
associatedWith Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. person
associatedWith Ford, Charles Henri person
associatedWith Ford, Charles Henri. person
associatedWith Ford, Charles Henri, 1913- person
associatedWith Fuentetaja, Maria. person
associatedWith Gatewood, Charles. person
associatedWith Ginsberg, Allen, 1926-1997. person
associatedWith Giorno, John. person
associatedWith Girodias, Maurice. person
associatedWith Grauerholz, James. person
associatedWith Grove Press. corporateBody
associatedWith Gysin, Brion, person
associatedWith Hagedorn, Jessica Tarahata, 1949- person
associatedWith Hamri, Mohamed, 1932- person
associatedWith Hanuman books. corporateBody
associatedWith Harold Matson Company, Inc. (New York, N.Y.) corporateBody
associatedWith Hawkins, John, 1944-2007. person
associatedWith Herman, Jan. person
associatedWith High Risk Books (Firm). corporateBody
associatedWith Holmes, John Clellon, 1926-1988. person
associatedWith Insect Trust Gazette. corporateBody
associatedWith Jackson, Robert H., 1936- person
associatedWith Jones, Le Roi, 1934-. person
associatedWith Kerouac, Edie Parker, 1923-1992. person
associatedWith Kerouac, Jack, 1922-1969. person
associatedWith Kisch, Antony, person
associatedWith Klactoveedsedsteen. corporateBody
associatedWith Krassner, Paul. person
associatedWith Kubrick, Stanley. person
associatedWith Kurtzman, Allan H. person
associatedWith Kurtzman, Allan H. person
associatedWith Lacey, Stephen, 1957- person
associatedWith Lacy, Steve. person
associatedWith Leary, Timothy, 1920-1996. person
associatedWith Lotringer, Sylvère person
associatedWith Lotringer, Sylvère. person
associatedWith Manganotti, Donatella. person
associatedWith McArthur, Bill. person
associatedWith McCrindle, Joseph F., person
associatedWith Miles, Barry, 1943- person
associatedWith Miller, Jeffrey, 1943- person
associatedWith Morgan, Ted, 1932- person
associatedWith New Directions Publishing Corp. corporateBody
associatedWith Norse, Harold. person
associatedWith Notes from Underground. corporateBody
associatedWith Nowinski, Ira. person
associatedWith Nuttall, Jeff. person
associatedWith Orlovitz, Gil, person
associatedWith Orlovsky, Peter, 1933-2010. person
associatedWith Padgett, Ron, 1942-. person
associatedWith Pa'lante. corporateBody
associatedWith Peed, William. person
associatedWith Pélieu, Claude. person
associatedWith Plimpton, George. person
associatedWith Prentice, David person
associatedWith Prentice, David. person
associatedWith Proust, Marcel, 1871-1922. person
associatedWith Rabinowitz, Jacob. person
associatedWith Red Ozier Press. corporateBody
associatedWith Rosenthal, Irving person
associatedWith Rosenthal, Irving, person
associatedWith Rosenthal, Irving, 1930- person
associatedWith Rosset, Barney. person
associatedWith Rossett, Barney person
associatedWith Rossett, Barney. person
associatedWith Sanders, Ed. person
associatedWith Schiff, Harris. person
associatedWith Seaver, Richard person
associatedWith Seaver, Richard. person
associatedWith Shero, Jeffrey. person
associatedWith Sinclair, Iain person
associatedWith Sinclair, Iain. person
associatedWith Smith, Patti. person
associatedWith Sommerville, Ian. person
associatedWith Southern, Terry. person
associatedWith Stern, Jacques, 1932-2002. person
associatedWith Stoddard, Roger G., person
correspondedWith Trocchi, Alexander. person
associatedWith Tynan, Kenneth, person
associatedWith Veitch, Tom person
associatedWith Veitch, Tom. person
associatedWith Waldman, Anne, 1945-. person
associatedWith Webb, Jon person
associatedWith Webb, Jon. person
associatedWith Weissner, Carl person
associatedWith Whitmore, George, 1945-1989. person
associatedWith Williams, Bob. rcp person
associatedWith William S. Burroughs: The Shoaf Collection (University of Virginia Library) corporateBody
associatedWith Williams, Heathcote. person
associatedWith Williams, Jonathan, 1929-2008. person
associatedWith Wilson, Clay S. person
associatedWith Wilson, S. Clay. person
associatedWith Woods, Eddie person
associatedWith Woods, Eddie, 1940- person
Place Name Admin Code Country
United States
United States
England
United States
Egypt
Iran
Egypt
Islamic countries
United States
Subject
American literature
American literature
Authors, American
Authors, American
Authors, American
Novelists, American
Poets, American
Assassins (Ismailites)
Autobiographies
Avant-garde (Aesthetics)
Beat generation
Beat generation
Beat generation in literature
Bohemianism
Bohemianism
Brain
Burroughs collection
Ciegos
Cognitive science
Cost and standard of living
Criticism
Drug addicts
Fortification
Ismailites
Libraries
Libraries
Literature
Literature
Military history, Medieval
Radicalism
Restaurants
Sinai Campaign, 1956
Sweatbaths
Visual perception
Occupation
Authors
Novelists
Photographers
Activity

Person

Birth 1914-02-05

Death 1997-08-02

Americans

English

Information

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Ark ID: w6fn192d

SNAC ID: 57205832