Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955

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Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 – May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian, womanist, and civil rights activist. Bethune founded the National Council for Negro Women in 1935, established the organization's flagship journal Aframerican Women's Journal, and resided as president or leader for myriad African American women's organizations including the National Association for Colored Women and the National Youth Administration's Negro Division. She also was appointed as a national adviser to president Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom she worked with to create the Federal Council on Negro Affairs, also known as the Black Cabinet. She is well known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida; it later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University. Bethune was the sole African American woman officially a part of the US delegation that created the United Nations charter, and she held a leadership position for the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps. For her lifetime of activism, she was deemed "acknowledged First Lady of Negro America" by Ebony magazine in July 1949 and was known by the Black Press as the "Female Booker T. Washington". She was known as "The First Lady of The Struggle" because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans.

Born in Mayesville, South Carolina, to parents who had been slaves, she started working in fields with her family at age five. She took an early interest in becoming educated; with the help of benefactors, Bethune attended college hoping to become a missionary in Africa. She started a school for African-American girls in Daytona Beach, Florida. It later merged with a private institute for African-American boys and was known as the Bethune-Cookman School. Bethune maintained high standards and promoted the school with tourists and donors, to demonstrate what educated African Americans could do. She was president of the college from 1923 to 1942, and 1946 to 1947. She was one of the few women in the world to serve as a college president at that time.

Bethune was also active in women's clubs, which were strong civic organizations supporting welfare and other needs, and became a national leader. Bethune wrote prolifically, publishing in National Notes from 1924–1928, Pittsburgh Courier from 1937–1938, Aframerican Women’s Journal from 1940–1949, and Chicago Defender from 1948–1955, among others. After working on the presidential campaign for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, she was invited as a member of his "Black Cabinet." She advised him on concerns of African Americans and helped share Roosevelt's message and achievements with blacks, who had historically been Republican voters since the Civil War. At the time, blacks had been largely disenfranchised in the South since the turn of the century, so she was speaking to black voters across the North. Upon her death, columnist Louis E. Martin said, "She gave out faith and hope as if they were pills and she some sort of doctor."

Honors include designation of her home in Daytona Beach as a National Historic Landmark, her house in Washington, D.C. as a National Historic Site, and the installation of a memorial sculpture of her in Lincoln Park in Washington, D.C. The Legislature of Florida designated her in 2018 as the subject of one of Florida's two statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection.

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Scott, Emmett J. (Emmett Jay), 1873-1957. Emmett J. Scott collection, 1916-1951. Morgan State University
creatorOf Rice, J. Sherrard, 1917-2005. J. Sherrard Rice papers, 1928-1988. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Beard, Mary Ritter, 1876-1958. Papers, 1935-1958 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
contributorOf Records of the Farmers Home Administration, 1918 - 1975. General Correspondence, 1935 - 1942. AD-130-02 Negroes/ Preference and Employment of Aliens, Discrimination, Negroes, Veterans etc. National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Stuart, Alice Jackson, 1913-2001. Papers of Alice Jackson Stuart [manuscript], 1930-2001. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn National Negro Opera Company Collection, 1879-1997, (bulk 1930-1962) Library of Congress. Music Division
referencedIn Biography Collection MS 393., 1771-1995, 1920-1970 Sophia Smith Collection
referencedIn Harmon Foundation Collection. 1922 - 1967. Artworks by Negro Artists. 1922 - 1967. quot;Mary Bethunequot; National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Johnson, Charles Spurgeon, 1893-1956. Charles Spurgeon Johnson records, 1858-1956. John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library. Special Collections & Archives
referencedIn Papers of Martha May Eliot, 1898-1975 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Nannie Helen Burroughs Papers, 1900-1963, (bulk 1928-1960) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Jones, Lois Mailou. Lois Mailou Jones papers, 1943-1990. Bureau of National Affairs Library
referencedIn Harmon Foundation Collection. 1922 - 1967. The Harmon Foundation Collection: Kenneth Space Photographs of the Activities of Southern Black Americans National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Gaines, Irene M. (Irene McCoy), 1896-1964. Papers of Irene M. and Harris B. Gaines, 1913-1970. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
referencedIn Kemp, Maida Springer, 1910-. Papers, 1942-1981 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Cook, Vivian Elma Johnson, 1889-1977. Vivian Johnson Cook papers, 1903-1977. Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
referencedIn President's Secretary's Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1960. Name Files, 1945 - 1953. Bethune, Mary McLeod. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn Records of the Office of War Information, 1926 - 1951. Publications for Overseas Distribution, 1942 - 1945. Negroes and the War. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Kentucky State University. Office of the President. Lyceum Committee minutes, 1933-1946. Kentucky Department of Libraries and Archives, Kentucky Guide Project Office
referencedIn Records of Temporary Committees, Commissions, and Boards. 1893 - 2008. Photographs Collected or Commissioned by Bernice Baer, Liaison Officer, for Use in Publications National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Papers of Charlotte Hawkins Brown, 1900-1961 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Harmon Foundation Collection. 1922 - 1967. "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin Painted by Two Women Artists". 1943 - 1963. Mary McLeod Bethune National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Harmon Foundation Collection. 1922 - 1967. Motion Picture Films on Community and Family Life, Education, Religious Beliefs, and the Art and Culture of Minority and Ethnic Groups. 1930 - 1953. NEGRO NOTABLES; NEGRO EDUCATION AND ART IN THE U.S National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Faulkner, William J. William J. Faulkner papers, 1914-1981. Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
referencedIn Letter from Mary McLeod Bethune, Director, Division of Negro Affairs to Archibald McLeish, Office of Facts and Figures, 3/17/1942 National Archives at College Park
referencedIn President's Personal Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1953. President's Personal Files, 1945 - 1953. Bethune, Mrs. Mary McLeod, PPF 5416. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn Cheyney University of Pennsylvania. Office of the President records, 1904-1980. Cheyney University, L. P. Hill Library
creatorOf Dillard, Avarene Lippincott. Papers of the Dillard family, 1717-1964. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Lerner, Gerda, 1920-2013. Papers, 1950-1995 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn National Urban League. Southern Regional Office. Records, 1900-1988 (bulk 1943-1978). Library of Congress
referencedIn Southern Conference for Human Welfare/Educational Fund, 1982-1983 Indiana University, Bloomington. Center for the Study of History and Memory
referencedIn Papers, 1942-1981 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Lincoln University (Pa.). Office of the President. Horace Mann Bond records, 1853-1960 (bulk 1945-1957). Lincoln University, Langston Hughes Memorial Library, Langston Hughes Memorial Library
referencedIn Harmon Foundation Collection, 1922 - 1967. Motion Picture Films on Community and Family Life, Education, Religious Beliefs, and the Art and Culture of Minority and Ethnic Groups, ca. 1930 - ca. 1953. A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 1936? National Archives at College Park
referencedIn National Urban League Records, 1900-1988, (bulk 1930-1979) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Aubrey Williams Papers, 1914 - 1965. Personal Files , 1945 - 1959. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
referencedIn Sophia Smith Collection. Biography collection, 1771-1995 (bulk 1920s-70s). Smith College, Neilson Library
referencedIn Bethune-Cookman University Booklet Collection, 1937-1968, 1937-1968 University Archives, Carl S. Swisher Library,
creatorOf Curtis, Austin W., 1911-. Austin W. Curtis papers, 1896-1971. Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Robert C. Weaver papers 1869-1970 [bulk 1923-1970] Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
creatorOf Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955. Mary McLeod Bethune papers, 1895-1992 (bulk 1922-1955). Barber-Scotia College
creatorOf Peare, Catherine Owens. Correspondence with Marian Anderson, 1951. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Columbia University Oral History Collection. Collection. 1952-1960. Tulane University, Amistad Research Center
referencedIn Southern Conference for Human Welfare. Clark Foreman files, 1934-1967. Atlanta University Center, Robert W. Woodruff Library
referencedIn Kittrell, Flemmie P. (Flemmie Pansy), 1904-1980. Papers, 1924-1980. Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
referencedIn Bethune-Cookman University Photograph Collection, 1895-1980, 1920-1970 University Archives, Carl S. Swisher Library,
creatorOf Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955. Mary McLeod Bethune papers, 1928-1943. John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library. Special Collections & Archives
contributorOf New York University Collection. 1935 - 1954. Audio Recordings of "America's Town Meeting of the Air" Radio Programs. 1935 - 1954. WHAT DOES AMERICAN DEMOCRACY MEAN TO ME? National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Barber-Scotia College. General records, 1897-1995. Barber-Scotia College
referencedIn Papers of Burnita Shelton Matthews, 1926-1981 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Baxandall, Rosalyn Fraad, 1939-. Reformers and radicals. California State University, Long Beach
referencedIn Horace Mann Bond Papers, 1830-1979, 1926-1972 Special Collections and University Archives, UMass Amherst Libraries
referencedIn Johnson, Charles Spurgeon, 1893-1956. Papers. 1866-1965. Tulane University, Amistad Research Center
referencedIn Jones, Gwladys Webster, 1891-. Papers, 1929-1939 (inclusive). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn William J. Thompkins collection, [19--]-1943. (MS 606). Historical Society of Washington, D.C.
referencedIn Fields, Mamie Garvin, 1888-. Mamie E. Garvin Fields papers, 1894-1987 (bulk 1945-1985). College of Charleston, Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library
referencedIn Florence Rose Papers MS 134., 1832 - 1970, 1920-1969 Sophia Smith Collection
referencedIn Caliver, Ambrose, 1894-1962. Ambrose Caliver collection, 1912-1938. John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library. Special Collections & Archives
referencedIn Walter Francis White and Poppy Cannon papers Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Charl Ormond Williams Papers, 1924-1959, (bulk 1935-1945) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Fla.). Correspondence with Marian Anderson, 1939-1977. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Drummond, Richard C. S. Emily Howland papers, 1926-1975. Haverford College Library
referencedIn Papers of Charlotte Hawkins Brown, 1900-1961 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Mary McLeod Bethune - Distinguished American Series Pamphlet, 1975 National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Records of the National Youth Administration, 1934 - 1945. Files of Early Inactive Correspondence, 1936 - 1938. Inactive Correspondence. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt, 1861-1933. Papers, 1847-1933 Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Harvard College Library, Harvard University
referencedIn Bessie Hillman correspondence Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives
referencedIn Records of the U.S. Information Agency, 1900 - 2003. Master File Copies of Pamphlets and Leaflets, 1953 - 1984. Mary McLeod Bethune - Distinguished American Series. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn John and Lugenia Hope papers, 1888-1947. Atlanta University Center, Robert W. Woodruff Library
referencedIn Official Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1953. Official Files , 1945 - 1953. Colored Question, OF 93. Correspondence between Mary McLeod Bethune, Harry S. Truman and William D. Hassett. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn Paul Robeson collection, 1925-1956, 1943-1956 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Arkansas History Commission. Left to right are Lottie Hopkin, Mary McLeod Bethune (black educator), Emma Davis [graphic]. Arkansas History Commission
referencedIn Terrell, Mary Church, 1863-1954. Mary Church Terrell papers, 1851-1962 (inclusive), 1886-1954 (bulk) [microform]. Yale University Library
referencedIn Papers, 1927-1979 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Institute for Religious and Social Studies. Records, 1938-1976. Ocean County College Library, OCC Library
referencedIn Elder, Alfonso, 1898-1974. Alfonso Elder scrapbook, 1948-1965. North Carolina Central University, James E. Shepard Memorial Library
referencedIn Ferebee, Dorothy Boulding, d. 1980. Papers, 1910-1980. Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
referencedIn Wood, L. Hollingsworth (Levi Hollingsworth), 1874-1956. Papers, 1910-1953. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Allen, Nimrod Booker, 1886-1977. Papers 1876-1977. Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society
referencedIn Mary Church Terrell Papers, 1851-1962, (bulk 1886-1954) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Barbara B. Kennelly Papers. undated, 1977-1998. University of Connecticut, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center.
creatorOf Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955. Mary Jane McLeod Bethune papers, 1923-1962 (inclusive), [microform]. Yale University Library
referencedIn Records of the Committee on Fair Employment Practice, 1940 - 1946. Closed Regional Case Records, 1943 - 1946. US Maritime Commission Training School, Gallup's Island, Boston, MA; Case # 1-GR-17. National Archives at Boston
referencedIn Stokes, Anson Phelps, 1874-1958. Anson Phelps Stokes family papers, 1761-1960 (inclusive), 1892-1958 (bulk). Yale University Library
contributorOf Records of the Office of War Information, 1926 - 1951. Sound Recordings Relating to World War II, 1942 - 1945. Broadcast to British West Indies by Mary McLeod Bethune About Negro Contributions to Freedom and Democracy, 7/8/1943. National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Sadie P. Delaney papers, 1921-1958. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Records of, Sojourner, (inclusive), (bulk), 1920-2004, 1975-2002 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn John Preston Davis papers, 1845-1972, 1891-1972 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Sadie P. Delaney papers, 1921-1958 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Dedication ceremony of portrait of Mary McLeod Bethune [sound recording], Sumter, S.C., 1988 Sept. 15. University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries
referencedIn Hill, Leslie Pinckney, 1880-1960. Leslie P. Hill papers, [18--]-1961. Cheyney University, L. P. Hill Library
referencedIn Sampson, Edith S. (Edith Spurlock), 1901?-1979. Papers, 1927-1979 (inclusive) 1934-1979 (bulk). Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
contributorOf Harmon Foundation Collection, 1922 - 1967. Motion Picture Films on Community and Family Life, Education, Religious Beliefs, and the Art and Culture of Minority and Ethnic Groups, ca. 1930 - ca. 1953. NEGRO EDUCATION FOR AMERICAN LIVING; CALHOUN SCHOOL, THE WAY TO A BETTER FUTURE, 1940. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Austin W. Curtis Papers, 1896-1971 Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Southern Conference for Human Welfare. State committees files, 1938-1967. Atlanta University Center, Robert W. Woodruff Library
referencedIn William Pickens papers (Additions), 1909-1950 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Englewood (N.J.). Board of Education. Englewood, N.J., school board controversy collection, 1946-1952. Bureau of National Affairs Library
referencedIn William Pickens papers (Additions), 1909-1950. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn John Preston Davis papers, 1845-1972, 1891-1972 (bulk). New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Progressive National Committee Supporting Franklin D. Roosevelt for President Records, 1936 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Douglas, Aaron. Aaron Douglas papers, 1921-1973. John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library. Special Collections & Archives
referencedIn Atlanta University Photographs Atlanta University Center, Robert W. Woodruff Library
referencedIn Lucy D. Slowe Papers Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
referencedIn Rose, Florence. Papers, 1832-1970 bulk 1920-1969. Smith College, Neilson Library
referencedIn White House Central Files Name Files (Ford Administration), 8/9/1974 - 1/20/1977. White House Central Files Name Files, 8/1974 - 1/1977. Bethune, Mary McLeod. Gerald R. Ford Library
referencedIn "Portraits of Outstanding Americans of Negro Origin Painted by Two Women Artists", ca. 1943 - ca. 1963 National Archives at College Park
creatorOf Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955. Papers. 1923-42. Tulane University, Amistad Research Center
referencedIn Charles Henry Alston Papers, 1930s-1990s (bulk 1930s-1970s) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection
referencedIn Arkansas History Commission. R.N. Chanay, Lawrence Davis, unidentified and Anna Strong [graphic]. Arkansas History Commission
referencedIn Anson Phelps Stokes family papers, 1761-1960, 1892-1958 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Lerner, Gerda, 1920-2013. Papers, 1950-1995 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Hastie, William. William Hastie papers. 1916-1976. Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138
referencedIn President's Official Files (Roosevelt Administration), 1933 - 1945. Franklin D. Roosevelt President's Official Files, 1933 - 1945. OF 5393: Bethune, Mrs. Mary McLeod 1943-1944 (contains significant info on African Americans, African-Americans, Blacks, Black Americans, Black-Americans, Negroes). Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
referencedIn J. B. Matthews Papers, 1862-1986 and undated David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
referencedIn Arkansas History Commission. Robert Russ Moton High School, Marianna, Ark., 1953 [graphic]. Arkansas History Commission
referencedIn 002.11 Special Groups - Negroes Jan - Mar 1942 National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Ralph Edwards Productions Radio and Television Scripts, 1940-1975 Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Frank S. Horne papers, 1927-1974 Tulane University, Amistad Research Center
referencedIn Jewish Theological Seminary of America. General Files. Records, 1902-1972. 1940-1972 (bulk). Ocean County College Library, OCC Library
referencedIn Robert C. Weaver papers 1869-1970 [bulk 1923-1970] New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Parris, Guichard Auguste Bolivar, 1903-1990. Papers, ca. 1910-1987. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Cullen, Countee, 1903-1946. Papers. 1921-1979. Tulane University, Amistad Research Center
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn The 100 Greatest Women of All Time.
referencedIn Official Files (Truman Administration), 1945 - 1953. Official Files , 1945 - 1953. National Capital Parks Swimming Pools (Department of the Interior), OF 6p. Letter from Louis Wirth to President Harry S. Truman, with a Reply from William D. Hassett, 8/1950. Harry S. Truman Library
referencedIn General Records of the Federal Works Agency, 1930 - 1950. Photographs Illustrating the Activities of the Public Buildings Administration, 1939 - 1943. [Mary McLeod Bethune], "Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt and others at the opening of Midway Hall, one of two residence halls built by the Public Buildings Administration of FWA for Negro government girls...", 5/1943. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Lifting as They Climb.
referencedIn Records of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1956 - 2008. Photographs Relating to Disasters and Emergency Management Programs, Activities, and Officials, 1998 - 9/26/2016. New Orleans, La., Aug. 25, 2015 - A ribbon-cutting ceremony for the Mary McLeod Bethune Elementary School of Literature and Technology was helped during a week of events surrounding the 10th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. The school is located at the Stuart R. Bradley School in the Gentilly neighborhood of New Orleans. The facility was funded by FEMA's Public Assistance Grant Program as art of a $1.8 billion plum sum to help the Recovery School District rebuild or repair 88 New Orleans public school campuses following Hurricane Katrina., 8/25/2015 National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Eleanor Roosevelt receiving the Mary McLeod Bethune Human Rights Award from Dorothy Height, president of the National Council of Negro Women at the Council's Silver Anniversary Dinner in New York, November 12, 1960 Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum
referencedIn Records of the National Park Service, 1785 - 2006. National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records, 2013 - 2017. National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program. Washington, DC. Washington, DC SP Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Herstory
Records of the National Park Service, 1785 - 2006. National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records, 2013 - 2017. National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program. Florida. Florida NHL Bethune, Mary McLeod, Home. National Archives at College Park
referencedIn 100 Women Who Shaped World History.
referencedIn Records of the U.S. Civil Service Commission, 1871 - 2001. Personnel Files, 1939? - 1951. Official Personnel Folder for Mary McLeod Bethune. National Archives at St. Louis

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Relation Name
associatedWith Allen, Nimrod Booker, 1886-1977. person
associatedWith Alston, Charles Henry, 1907-1977 person
associatedWith Atlanta University Center (Ga.) corporateBody
associatedWith Barber-Scotia College. corporateBody
associatedWith Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Fla.) corporateBody
associatedWith Bond, Horace Mann, 1904-1972 person
associatedWith Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 1883-1961. person
associatedWith BURNITA (SHELTON) MATTHEWS, 1894- person
correspondedWith Burroughs, Nannie Helen, 1879- person
associatedWith Caliver, Ambrose, 1894-1962. person
associatedWith CHARLOTTE EUGENIA (HAWKINS) BROWN, 1883-1961 person
correspondedWith Cheyney University of Pennsylvania. corporateBody
associatedWith Columbia University Oral History Collection. corporateBody
correspondedWith Cook, Vivian Elma Johnson, 1889-1977. person
associatedWith Cullen, Countee, 1903-1946. person
associatedWith Curtis, Austin W., 1911- person
associatedWith Davis, John P. (John Preston), 1905-1973. person
associatedWith Daytona-Cookman Collegiate Institute (Daytona Beach, Fla.) corporateBody
associatedWith Daytona Literary and Industrial School for Training Negro Girls (Daytona Beach, Fla.) corporateBody
associatedWith Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Girls (Daytona Beach, Fla.) corporateBody
associatedWith Delaney, Sadie P., 1889-1958. person
associatedWith Douglas, Aaron. person
associatedWith Elder, Alfonso, 1898-1974. person
associatedWith Eliot, Martha M. (Martha May), b. 1891. person
correspondedWith Faulkner, William J. person
associatedWith Ferebee, Dorothy Boulding, d. 1980. person
associatedWith Fields, Mamie Garvin, 1888- person
correspondedWith Gaines, Irene M. (Irene McCoy), 1896-1964. person
associatedWith GERDA LERNER, 1920- person
associatedWith Harmon Foundation corporateBody
associatedWith Hassett, William D., 1880-1965 person
associatedWith Hastie, William. person
correspondedWith Haynes, George Edmund, 1880-1960 person
correspondedWith Hedgeman, Anna Arnold, 1899-1990 person
associatedWith Hill, Leslie Pinckney, 1880-1960. person
associatedWith Hillman, Bessie. person
associatedWith Hope, John, d. 1868-1936. person
associatedWith Horne, Frank Smith, 1899-1974. person
associatedWith Horne, Frank Smith, d. 1899- 1974. person
associatedWith Indiana University Center for the Study of History and Memory corporateBody
associatedWith Jewish Theological Seminary of America. General Files. corporateBody
associatedWith Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Institute for Religious and Social Studies. corporateBody
associatedWith Johnson, Charles Spurgeon, 1893-1956. person
associatedWith Jones, Gwladys Webster, 1891- person
associatedWith Jones, Lois Mailou. person
associatedWith Kemp, Maida Springer, 1910- person
associatedWith Kennelly, Barabara B. person
associatedWith Kentucky State University. Office of the President. corporateBody
correspondedWith Kittrell, Flemmie P. (Flemmie Pansy), 1904-1980. person
associatedWith Lerner, Gerda, 1920- person
correspondedWith Lincoln University (Pa.). Office of the President. corporateBody
associatedWith MAIDA (STEWART) SPRINGER KEMP, 1910- person
associatedWith MARTHA MAY ELIOT, 1891-1978 person
associatedWith Mary (Ritter) Beard, 1876-1958 person
associatedWith Matthews, Burnita Shelton, 1894-1988. person
associatedWith Matthews, J. B. (Joseph Brown), 1894-1966 person
associatedWith National Association of Colored Women. corporateBody
correspondedWith National Negro Opera Company (U.S.) corporateBody
correspondedWith National Urban League corporateBody
associatedWith National Urban League. Southern Regional Office. corporateBody
associatedWith Ovington, Mary White, d. 1865-1951. person
associatedWith Parris, Guichard Auguste Bolivar, 1903-1990. person
associatedWith Peare, Catherine Owens. person
associatedWith Pickens, William B. d. 1881-1954. person
associatedWith Powell, Adam Clayton Sr. d. 1865-1953. person
associatedWith Progressive National Committee Supporting Franklin D. Roosevelt for President. corporateBody
associatedWith Ralph Edwards Productions. corporateBody
associatedWith Rice, J. Sherrard, 1917-2005. person
associatedWith Roberts, Josie. person
associatedWith Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976 person
correspondedWith Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt, 1861-1933 person
associatedWith Rockefeller, Abby Green (Aldrich), d. 1874-1948. person
associatedWith Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945 person
associatedWith Rose, Florence. person
associatedWith Rose, Florence, 1903-1969 person
associatedWith Sampson, Edith S. (Edith Spurlock), 1901? -1979 person
correspondedWith Scott, Emmett J. (Emmett Jay), 1873-1957. person
associatedWith Slowe, Lucy Diggs, 1885-1937. person
associatedWith Sojourner (Cambridge, Mass.) corporateBody
associatedWith Southern Conference for Human Welfare. corporateBody
associatedWith Stokes, Anson Phelps, 1874-1958. person
associatedWith Stuart, Alice Jackson, 1913-2001. person
associatedWith Terrell, Mary Church, 1863-1954. person
associatedWith These records were created by Bethune-Cookman University corporateBody
associatedWith Thompkins, William J., 1884-1944. person
associatedWith Tigert, John James, d. 1882- person
associatedWith Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972 person
associatedWith United States. Army. Women's Army Corps corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Farmers Home Administration corporateBody
employeeOf United States. National Youth Administration corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Office of War Information corporateBody
associatedWith Weaver, Robert C. (Robert Clifton), 1907-1997. person
associatedWith White, Walter Francis, d. 1893-1955. person
associatedWith Wilkins, Roy, d. 1910-1981. person
associatedWith Williams, Aubrey Willis, 1890-1965 person
associatedWith Williams, Charl Ormond, 1885-1969. person
associatedWith Wood, L. Hollingsworth (Levi Hollingsworth), 1874-1956. person
associatedWith Young, Plummer Bernard, d. 1884-1962. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Daytona Beach FL US
South Carolina SC US
Subject
African American universities and colleges
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African American women
African American women
African American women
Women
Women's rights
Occupation
African American college presidents
African American women college administrators
African American women college teachers
African American women educators
Civil Rights Activist
College presidents
Educator
Educators
Humanitarians
Philanthropists
Women college presidents
Activity

Person

Birth 1875-07-10

Death 1955-05-18

Female

Americans,

African Americans

English

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