Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955

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Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955

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Surname :

Bethune

Forename :

Mary McLeod

Date :

1875-1955

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Bethune, Mary M. (Mary McLeod), 1875-1955

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Surname :

Bethune

Forename :

Mary M.

NameExpansion :

Mary McLeod

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McLeod, Mary Jane, 1875-1955

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Surname :

McLeod

Forename :

Mary Jane

Date :

1875-1955

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McLeod Bethune, Mary Jane, 1875-1955

Computed Name Heading

Name Components

Surname :

McLeod Bethune

Forename :

Mary Jane

Date :

1875-1955

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rda

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Female

Exist Dates

Exist Dates - Date Range

1875-07-10

July 10, 1875

Birth

1955-05-18

May 18, 1955

Death

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Biographical History

Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 – May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian, womanist, and civil rights activist. Bethune founded the National Council for Negro Women in 1935, established the organization's flagship journal Aframerican Women's Journal, and resided as president or leader for myriad African American women's organizations including the National Association for Colored Women and the National Youth Administration's Negro Division. She also was appointed as a national adviser to president Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom she worked with to create the Federal Council on Negro Affairs, also known as the Black Cabinet. She is well known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida; it later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University. Bethune was the sole African American woman officially a part of the US delegation that created the United Nations charter, and she held a leadership position for the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps. For her lifetime of activism, she was deemed "acknowledged First Lady of Negro America" by Ebony magazine in July 1949 and was known by the Black Press as the "Female Booker T. Washington". She was known as "The First Lady of The Struggle" because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans.

Born in Mayesville, South Carolina, to parents who had been slaves, she started working in fields with her family at age five. She took an early interest in becoming educated; with the help of benefactors, Bethune attended college hoping to become a missionary in Africa. She started a school for African-American girls in Daytona Beach, Florida. It later merged with a private institute for African-American boys and was known as the Bethune-Cookman School. Bethune maintained high standards and promoted the school with tourists and donors, to demonstrate what educated African Americans could do. She was president of the college from 1923 to 1942, and 1946 to 1947. She was one of the few women in the world to serve as a college president at that time.

Bethune was also active in women's clubs, which were strong civic organizations supporting welfare and other needs, and became a national leader. Bethune wrote prolifically, publishing in National Notes from 1924–1928, Pittsburgh Courier from 1937–1938, Aframerican Women’s Journal from 1940–1949, and Chicago Defender from 1948–1955, among others. After working on the presidential campaign for Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932, she was invited as a member of his "Black Cabinet." She advised him on concerns of African Americans and helped share Roosevelt's message and achievements with blacks, who had historically been Republican voters since the Civil War. At the time, blacks had been largely disenfranchised in the South since the turn of the century, so she was speaking to black voters across the North. Upon her death, columnist Louis E. Martin said, "She gave out faith and hope as if they were pills and she some sort of doctor."

Honors include designation of her home in Daytona Beach as a National Historic Landmark, her house in Washington, D.C. as a National Historic Site, and the installation of a memorial sculpture of her in Lincoln Park in Washington, D.C. The Legislature of Florida designated her in 2018 as the subject of one of Florida's two statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection.

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External Related CPF

https://viaf.org/viaf/30957801

https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q291068

https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85022961

http://cbw.iath.virginia.edu/women_display.php?id=9723

https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10570060

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Languages Used

eng

Latn

Subjects

African American universities and colleges

African Americans

African Americans

African Americans

African American women

African American women

African American women

Women

Women's rights

Nationalities

Americans

African Americans

Activities

Occupations

African American college presidents

African American women college administrators

African American women college teachers

African American women educators

Civil Rights Activist

College presidents

Educator

Educators

Humanitarians

Philanthropists

Women college presidents

Legal Statuses

Places

Daytona Beach

FL, US

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Death

South Carolina

SC, US

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Birth

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<conventionDeclaration><citation>VIAF</citation></conventionDeclaration>

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Identity Constellation Identifier(s)

w6t839kh

88068241