Black Panther Party

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The Black Panther Party was founded in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale as an organization dedicated to protecting and uplifting the Black population of Oakland. As the organization grew this focus spread to the rest of the United States and even abroad. The armed militancy and Marxist rhetoric employed by the Black Panthers, along with their philosophy of Black self-government caught the attention of both local law enforcement authorities and the FBI. As a result, many in the Panthers' upper echelons were either arrested or went into exile. After 1971, while efforts to feed and clothe poor people of color continued, the party's major focus was on the legal problems of its leadership. Methods also shifted from armed resistance to working within the system by running candidates for local and national elections.
Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Omowale, Jomo Joka. Jomo Joka Omowale papers, 1969-2008. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Kenneth Clark papers, 1954-1982. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Alioto, Joseph L. Joseph L. Alioto papers, 1958-1977 (bulk 1968-1974). San Francisco Public Library, Main Library
referencedIn Harris, Alex, 1949-. Alex Harris photographs and papers, 1970-2003. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Rosalie Ritz courtroom drawings, 1968-1982 Bancroft Library
referencedIn Tilton, Eleanor Taft, 1909-1984. Papers, 1947-1975. EO Smith High School
referencedIn Alabama. Legislature. Commission to Preserve the Peace. Records, 1962-1975. Alabama Department of Archives and History
referencedIn J. B. Matthews Papers, 1862-1986 and undated David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
referencedIn Liberation News Service Photographs, Bulk, 1970-1979, 1965-1981, (Bulk 1970s) Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Black Panther printed ephemera, ca. 1966-2009. Houghton Library
referencedIn Hoffman Family Papers Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Center.
referencedIn The Black Panther Party. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
referencedIn Columbia University. Archives. University Protest and Activism Collection, 1958-1999 (Bulk dates 1968-1972). Nolan, Norton & Company, Incorporated
referencedIn Black Panther Party collection. California state library
creatorOf Black Panther printed ephemera, ca. 1966-2006. Houghton Library
referencedIn Charles Brittin papers, 1914-2004 (bulk 1950-1975) Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Michigan State University. Library. American Radicalism Collection. Black Panther Party : file of clippings, pamphlets and miscellanea. Michigan State University Libraries, Main Library
referencedIn Socialist Party of California. Social protest collection, 1943-1982 (bulk 1960-1975). UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Ivy Group Presidents records, 1963-1977 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Aweusi, Alli. Aweusi, Alli Collection, 1969-1995 University of Texas Libraries
referencedIn Sacks, Herbert S. Reminiscences of Herbert S. Sacks : oral history, 1970. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Left wing political activities printed material, 1966-1972 Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.
creatorOf Black Panther Party. Free street; free huey : poster, 1968. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Aweusi, Alli Collection 96-129., 1969-1995 Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
referencedIn Alan McSurely Papers, 1928-1985 (bulk 1960s-1980s) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection
referencedIn Communist Party of the United States of America Audio Collection, Bulk, 1965-1989, 1920s - 1999 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn [Elaine Brown] Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn Christiane C. Collins collection of the West Harlem Coalition for Morningside Park and Urban Problems of the Contiguous Communities: West Harlem, Manhattan Valley, Morningside Heights and Manhattanville, 1941-1996, (1968-1973, 1956-1996, 1962-1987, 1960-1994, 1963-1982, 1959-1994, 1941-1986, 1964-1973, 1963-1987, 1966-1975, 1961-1981, 1966-1973, 1967-1987, 1967-1980, 1961-1971 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Grant, Joanne. Joanne Grant research files, 1963-1968. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Civil Rights History Project collection Archive of Folk Culture (U.S.)
referencedIn Guide to the Tamiment Library Newspapers, 1873-2014 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Cleaver, Eldridge, 1935-1998. Eldridge Cleaver papers, 1963-1988. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees. National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees series 5. Charleston Medical College Hospital Strike interviews, 1979-1980, bulk 1980. Cornell University Library
referencedIn Cleaver, Eldridge, 1935-1998. Eldridge Cleaver photograph collection [graphic]. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Wiener, Jon. Reminiscences of Jon Wiener : oral history, 1988. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Federal surveillance of African Americans, 1920-1984 [electronic resource]. University of California, Irvine. Library. Department of Special Collections
creatorOf Benjamin, Gilbert G. The Gilbert G. Benjamin collection on subversive activities. California State University, Northridge
referencedIn Cleaver, Eldridge, 1935-1998. Papers ca. 1969-1977. Denver Public Library, Central Library
referencedIn Eldridge Cleaver photograph collection, 1966-circa 1982 Bancroft Library
referencedIn Lighthouse. The Lighthouse records, 1893-2000, bulk 1930-1983. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn Queens Borough Public Library. Long Island Division. Afro-Americans, Black Panthers / [compiled by Queens Borough Public Library, Long Island Division]. Queens Borough Public Library
referencedIn Ronald V. Dellums Congressional Papers, 1971-1999 inclusive African American Museum and Library at Oakland (Oakland, Calif.)
referencedIn Series 5. Charleston Medical College Hospital Strike interviews, 1979-1980, bulk 1980. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
creatorOf Black Panther Party. Black Panther Party collection, 1965-1976. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn Newspaper clippings [electronic resource] : the Black Panther Party, 1968,1969,1970,1971,1987,1989. OCLC Econtent Synchronization Program
referencedIn Liberation News Service (New York, N.Y.). Photographs, 1965-1981. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Garry, Charles R., 1909-. Charles R. Garry letter : to California Adult Authority, 1972 Sept. 15. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Yale University. President's Office. Office of the president, Yale University, records concerning the May Day rally, 1970-1976 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Guide to the Daily Worker and Daily World Photographs Collection, 1920-2001 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn DePaul University. Center for Latino Research. Young Lords oral history transcripts 1993-1996. DePaul University Library
referencedIn Johnson, Robert Pierre, 1914-1974. Robert Pierre Johnson papers, 1894-1974, bulk 1940-1974. Presbyterian Historical Society, PHS
referencedIn Larry Neal papers, 1961-1985. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Frye, Hardy T.,. Oral history interviews, 1972-1978. Auburn University.
referencedIn Women's History Research Center. Records, 1845-1992 (bulk 1959-1978). Univerisity of Wyoming. American Heritage Center.
referencedIn Theoharis, Athan G.,. FBI Investigation and Surveillance Records, 1919-[ongoning]. Marquette University Raynor Memorial Library, John P. Raynor Library
referencedIn Jacobs, Paul, 1918-. My Senate Campaign Book, 1968. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn General Records of the Department of Justice. 1790 - 2002. Class 144 (Civil Rights) Litigation Case Files National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Sir Joseph Gold political and miscellaneous ephemera collection, 1960s-1990s University of Delaware Library - Special Collections
referencedIn [Free Huey May Day rally poster] [graphic]. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Guide to the Tamiment Library Poster and Broadside Collection, 1904-1991 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Papers of Florynce Kennedy, (inclusive), (bulk), 1915-2004, 1947-1993 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Cleaver, Kathleen Neal. Flyer, 1968. Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Leon F. Litwack collection of Berkeley, California, protest literature, 1939-2004, 1964-1989 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn University Protest and Activism Collection, 1958-1999, [Bulk Dates: 1968-1972]. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Roxbury Action Program Collection MS 765., 1944-1975, 1966-1974 Special Collections and University Archives, UMass Amherst Libraries
referencedIn Miscellaneous Exhibits Collection. Photographs, ca. 1850-1985 (Inclusive Dates). Temple University Libraries, Paley Library
creatorOf Black Panther Party FBI file, 1967-1969 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Patterson, William L. (William Lorenzo), 1890-1980. William Lorenzo Patterson papers, 1919-1979 (bulk, mid-1950s-1979). Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
referencedIn Archive for Human Rights (Duke University). Incarceration zines collection, 1995-2007. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn Michael Padwee Papers, 1966-1979 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn May Day rally and Yale collection, circa 1970-1974 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Shapiro, Phillip. FBI file, 1968-2000. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
creatorOf Students for a Democratic Society (U.S.). Anti-Vietnam War Collection, ca. late 1960s-early 1970s. University of California, Santa Barbara, UCSB Library
referencedIn University of Connecticut, President's Office Records [Homer D. Babbidge, 1962-1972], undated, 1962-1972. Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Center.
referencedIn Clayton Van Lydegraf papers, 1944-1991 University of Washington Libraries Special Collections
referencedIn Sellers, Cleveland, 1944-. Cleveland L. Sellers, Jr. papers, 1934-2003 (bulk 1960-1980). College of Charleston, Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library
referencedIn United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security. Papers of the U.S. House Committee on Internal Security [manuscript], 1950-1974. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Guide to the Tamiment Library Poster and Broadside Collection, 1904-1991 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
creatorOf Black Panther Party. Bay Area Black Panther Party Collection, 1963-2000. University of California, Santa Barbara, UCSB Library
referencedIn California Cornerstones: Selected Images from The Bancroft Library Pictorial Collection Bancroft Library
creatorOf Students for a Democratic Society (U.S.). Anti-Viet Nam War Collection, ca. late 1960s-early 1970s. University of California, Santa Barbara, UCSB Library
referencedIn Miller, James Knute, 1946-. James. K. Miller papers, 1966-1991. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
referencedIn Lamaina, Susanna Lucia,. Photographs of Angela Davis, Emory Douglas, Ericka Huggins, and David Hilliard by Susanna Lucia Lamaina, 1984-2011. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Dowd, Douglas F.,. Douglas F. Dowd tape recording, 1968. Cornell University Library
referencedIn John G. Mason Papers, 1963-1978 New York University. Archives
referencedIn Stephanie Oursler Papers, ca. 1955, ca. 1960-ca. 1970 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Shames, Stephen. Stephen Shames Black Panther photograph collection [graphic]. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Black Panther printed ephemera, ca., 1966-2006. Houghton Library
referencedIn James Forman Papers, 1848-2005, (bulk 1961-2001) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Shapiro, Phillip. Phillip Shapiro papers, ca. 1960-1985. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn John R. Williams papers, 1966-1977 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Collins, Christiane Crasemann,. Christiane C. Collins collection : of the West Harlem Coalition for Morningside Park and Urban Problems of the Contiguous Communities: West Harlem, Manhattan Valley, Morningside Heights and Manhattanville. New York Public Library System, NYPL
referencedIn Flanagan, Robert B., 1929-. Robert B. Flanagan oral history interviews (part II), 1988 Nov. 10 and 1989 Jan. 9. Georgia State University
referencedIn Martin, Christopher B.,. Papers of Christopher B. Martin [manuscript], 1968-1970. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Alkebulan, Paul, 1948-. Passing it on : stories from the Civil Rights Movement, 1993. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn University of California, Berkeley. New Left pamphlet collection, 1893-1973 and undated. Pennsylvania State University Libraries
referencedIn Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation Inc. collection, 1968-1994 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Zweig, Martha,. Political Newspapers Collection California State University, Dominguez Hills, CSUDH
referencedIn Printed ephemera of African American political activism and arts, circa 1913-1990, 1963-1976 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Interview by the Yale Daily News of Kingman Brewster, Jr., 1975. Yale University Library
referencedIn Williams, John R. John R. Williams papers, 1966-1977 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Ming, Myra. Elmer 'Geronimo' Pratt; A Case of Injustice? : video, 2 Dec. 1995. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn [Black Panther Party pamphlets]. Princeton University Library
referencedIn Papers of Frances Siegel, 1927-2008 Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America‏
referencedIn Left wing political activities printed material, 1966-2007. Cornell University Library
referencedIn Floyd B. McKissick Papers, 1940s-1980s University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection
referencedIn Flores, Diana, 1951-. Oral history interview with Diana Flores, 2001 [videorecording]. University of Texas at Arlington, Central Library
referencedIn Newspaper clippings : the Black Panther Party, 1968,1969,1970,1971,1987,1989. Temple University, Blockson Afro-American History Collection
referencedIn Cleaver, Leroy Eldridge National Archives at College Park
referencedIn Stella Maris House collection, 1940-1973, 1960-1972 Oregon Historical Society Research Library
referencedIn [Black Panther Party broadsides, handbills, etc.] Houghton Library
referencedIn Hart, Newell. Newell Hart collection of Berkeley ephemera, 1963-1969. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Social protest collection, 1943-1982, (bulk 1960-1975) Bancroft Library
referencedIn McEldowney, Carol. Papers, 1964-1971. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
referencedIn Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.). Atlanta Office. Research Dept. records, 1959-1969. Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial Center
referencedIn Joseph L. Alioto Papers, 1958-1977, (bulk 1968-1974) San Francisco History Center
referencedIn Political Newspapers Collection, 1953-1994, bulk 1969-1992 California State University, Dominguez Hills Archives and Special Collections
referencedIn Charles Brittin papers, 1914-2004 (bulk 1950-1975) Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Summers, Clyde. Office files, 1940-2004. Cornell University Library
referencedIn Larry Neal papers, 1961-1985 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Goodman, Ernest, 1906-. Ernest Goodman papers, 1952-1977, (bulk 1952-1972). Wayne State University. Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs
referencedIn Eldridge Cleaver papers, 1963-1988 Bancroft Library
referencedIn Shapiro, Phillip. Papers, ca. 1960-1985 Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation, Inc. Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation Inc. collection, 1968 -1994. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Seattle (Wash.). Mayor. Wesley C. Uhlman mayoral records, 1956-1978 bulk 1970-1977. Seattle Municipal Archives
referencedIn Michael Padwee Papers 1966-1979. Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn May Day Rally and Yale collection, Circa 1969-1974 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
creatorOf Black Panther Party FBI file, 1967-1969. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Records of U.S. Attorneys. 1821 - 1994. Records Relating to Legal Precedents National Archives at Chicago
referencedIn Guide to the Communist Party of the United States of America Records, 1892-2009 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Stiner, Watani, 1948-. Something more precious than freedom : photocopy, 2005. UC Berkeley Libraries
referencedIn Bartolotto, Julie. Asian American women's movement. California State University, Long Beach
referencedIn Mason, John, 1946-. Papers, 1963-1978. 1965-1971 (bulk). Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Curtis Powell papers, 1935-2002, 1968-2002 Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Archives Section
referencedIn Stella Maris House (Portland, Or.). Stella Maris House collection, 1940-1973 ; bulk : 1960-1972. Oregon Historical Society Research Library
referencedIn Kate Millett papers, 1912-2002 and undated, bulk 1951-2001 David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library
referencedIn People of Indianapolis, 1983 Indiana University, Bloomington. Center for the Study of History and Memory
referencedIn Printed Ephemera Collection on Organizations, 1886- Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Genet, Jean, 1910-1986. Letters to David Hilliard and Charles Garry, 1970-1972 and nd. Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Marlon Riggs Collection, 1957-1994 Cecil H. Green Library. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
referencedIn Joanne Grant Research Files, 1963-1968. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Thelma McDaniel Collection, 1935-1989. Historical Society of Pennsylvania
referencedIn Charles Thomas Jr. Papers, 1965-1994, 1968-1980 Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Women's History Research Center resource files, 1845-1992 (bulk 1959-1978) Univerisity of Wyoming. American Heritage Center.
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Alabama. Legislature. Commission to Preserve the Peace. corporateBody
associatedWith Alioto, Joseph L. person
associatedWith American Folklife Center corporateBody
associatedWith Aweusi, Alli person
associatedWith Aweusi, Alli person
associatedWith Bay Area Black Panther Party corporateBody
associatedWith Benjamin, Gilbert G. person
associatedWith Brittin, Charles, 1928- person
associatedWith California State University, Dominguez Hills corporateBody
associatedWith Carmichael, Stokely. person
associatedWith Clark, Kenneth Bancroft, 1914-2005. person
associatedWith Cleaver, Eldridge, 1935-1998. person
associatedWith Cleaver, Kathleen Neal. person
associatedWith Collins, Christiane Crasemann, person
associatedWith Columbia University. Archives. corporateBody
associatedWith Communist Party of the United States of America. corporateBody
associatedWith Communist Party of the United States of America. corporateBody
associatedWith Dellums, Ronald V., 1935- person
associatedWith DePaul University. Center for Latino Research. corporateBody
associatedWith Dowd, Douglas F., person
associatedWith Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation, Inc. corporateBody
associatedWith Flanagan, Robert B., 1929- person
associatedWith Flores, Diana, 1951- person
associatedWith Forman, James, 1928-2005. person
associatedWith Frye, Hardy T., person
associatedWith Garry, Charles R., 1909- person
associatedWith Genet, Jean, 1910-1986. person
associatedWith Gold, Joseph, 1912- person
associatedWith Goodman, Ernest, 1906- person
associatedWith Grant, Joanne. person
associatedWith Grant, Joanne. person
associatedWith Harris, Alex, 1949- person
associatedWith Hart, Newell. person
associatedWith Hoffman Family. family
associatedWith Indiana University Center for the Study of History and Memory corporateBody
associatedWith Jacobs, Paul, 1918- person
associatedWith Johnson, Robert Pierre, 1914-1974. person
correspondedWith Kennedy, Florynce person
associatedWith Lamaina, Susanna Lucia, person
associatedWith Liberation News Service (New York, N.Y.) corporateBody
associatedWith Lighthouse. corporateBody
associatedWith Litwack, Leon F. person
associatedWith Martin, Christopher B., person
associatedWith Mason, John, 1946- person
associatedWith Mason, John, 1948 person
associatedWith Matthews, J. B. (Joseph Brown), 1894-1966 person
associatedWith McDaniel, Thelma. person
associatedWith McEldowney, Carol. person
associatedWith McKissick, Floyd B. (Floyd Bixler), 1922- person
associatedWith McSurely, Alan, 1936- person
associatedWith Miller, James Knute, 1946- person
correspondedWith Millett, Kate person
associatedWith Miscellaneous Exhibits Collection. corporateBody
associatedWith National Museum of African American History and Culture (U.S.) corporateBody
associatedWith National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees. corporateBody
associatedWith Neal, Larry, 1937-1981. person
associatedWith Newton, Huey P. person
associatedWith Omowale, Jomo Joka. person
associatedWith Online Archive of California. corporateBody
associatedWith Oursler, Stephanie. person
associatedWith Padwee, Michael person
associatedWith Patterson, William L. (William Lorenzo), 1890-1980. person
associatedWith Powell, Curtis, 1935-2002 person
associatedWith Queens Borough Public Library. Long Island Division. corporateBody
associatedWith Riggs, Marlon. person
associatedWith Ritz, Rosalie person
associatedWith Roxbury Action Program corporateBody
associatedWith Sacks, Herbert S. person
associatedWith Seale, Bobby, 1936- person
associatedWith Seattle (Wash.). Mayor. corporateBody
associatedWith Sellers, Cleveland, 1944- person
associatedWith Shames, Stephen. person
associatedWith Shapiro, Phillip. person
associatedWith Shapiro, Phillip. person
correspondedWith Siegel, Frances, 1909-2006 person
associatedWith Stella Maris House (Portland, Or.) corporateBody
associatedWith Stiner, Watani, 1948- person
associatedWith Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.). Atlanta Office. corporateBody
associatedWith Sullivan, William C person
associatedWith Sullivan, William C. person
associatedWith Summers, Clyde W. person
associatedWith Tamiment Library. corporateBody
associatedWith Tamiment Library. corporateBody
associatedWith Theoharis, Athan G., person
associatedWith Thomas, Charles, 1937-1994 person
associatedWith Tilton, Eleanor Taft, 1909-1984. person
associatedWith United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security. corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. corporateBody
associatedWith University of Connecticut. President's Office. corporateBody
associatedWith Van Lydegraf, Clayton person
associatedWith Wiener, Jon. person
associatedWith Williams, John R. person
associatedWith Williams, John R. person
associatedWith Women's History Research Center. corporateBody
associatedWith Yale University. President's Office. corporateBody
associatedWith Yale University. President's Office. corporateBody
associatedWith Zweig, Martha person
associatedWith Zweig, Martha, person
Place Name Admin Code Country
United States 00 US
Subject
African American college students
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
African Americans
Antisemitism
Antisemitism
Black militant organizations
Black militant organizations
Black militant organizations
Black nationalism
Black nationalism
Black power
Black power
Black power
Black power
Political parties
Political parties
Racism
Occupation
Activity

Corporate Body

Establishment 1966

Disestablishment 1982

Americans

English

Information

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SNAC ID: 87813239