Papers, 1854, 1881-1961

United States. Army. Women's Army Corps

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The Women's Army Corps (WAC) was the women's branch of the US Army. It was created as an auxiliary unit, the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps in 1942, and converted to full status as the WAC in 1943. Its first director was Oveta Culp Hobby, the wife of a prominent politician and publisher in Houston, Texas. About 150,000 American women served in the WAAC and WAC during World War II. They were the first women other than nurses to serve with the Army. While conservative opinion in the leadership of...

Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969

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Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was leader of the Allied forces in Europe in World War II, commander of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and the thirty-fourth president of the United States, from January 20, 1953, to January 20, 1961. Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890, in Denison, Texas, the third son of David Jacob Eisenhower, a railroad worker, and Ida Elizabeth Stover. In 1891, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas, where David accepted a job at a local creamery run by ...

United States. Veterans Administration

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Weeks, Edward A. (Edward Augustus), 1898-1989

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Edward A. Weeks (1898-1989) was an author, essayist, and editor for the Atlantic Monthly . He was also author of more than 10 books, including: Breaking into Print: an Editor's Advice on Writing (1962); In Friendly Candor [1959]; and Writers and Friends (1981). Weeks opposed censorship and, during the 1920's, served as chairman of the Massachusetts Committee to Reform Book Censorship. From the guide to the Edward Weeks Letter to Mrs. Henry Pettit (MS 235), 16 June 1961...

Women's Field Army (U.S. : 1936-1945)

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From 1936 to 1945, the Women’s Field Army, hereafter the WFA, educated women in the US on the early symptoms, prevention, and treatment of reproductive cancers. The WFA was a women-led volunteer organization and a branch of, what was then called, the American Society for the Control of Cancer, or ASCC. The WFA, headquartered in New York City, New York, recruited hundreds of thousands of women volunteers across the country. They distributed pamphlets, showed movies, and participated in other gras...

Inter-American Conference on the Problems of Peace and War (1945 : Mexico City, Mexico)

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The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace informally known as the Chapultepec Conference, was held in Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City on February 21 to March 8, 1945, between the United States and 19 Latin American countries. Argentina was not invited because it had not declared war on the Axis Powers in World War II. The original goals were to discuss the status of Argentina, the role of the United Nations and postwar American economic aid. The second goal was postponed. Ther...

Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994

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Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, and the establishment of the Environm...

Scott, Hugh Doggett, 1900-1994

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Hugh Doggett Scott Jr. (November 11, 1900 – July 21, 1994) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977. Born and educated in Virginia, Scott moved to Philadelphia to join his uncle's law firm. He was appointed as Philadelphia's assistant district attorney in 1926 and remained in that position until 1941. Scot...

Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972

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Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as the 34th vice president in early 1945. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain communist expansion. He proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the Conservative Coalition that dominated Congres...

Rogers, Edith Nourse, 1881-1960

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Edith Nourse Rogers (March 19, 1881 – September 10, 1960) was an American social welfare volunteer and politician who served in the United States Congress. She was the first woman elected to Congress from Massachusetts. Born in Saco, Maine, her parents' affluence allowed Edith Nourse to be privately tutored until she was fourteen. She then attended and graduated from Rogers Hall School, a private boarding school for girls in Lowell, Massachusetts, and Madame Julien's School, a finishing schoo...

Saltonstall, Leverett, 1892-1979

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Leverett A. Saltonstall (September 1, 1892 – June 17, 1979) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. He served three two-year terms as the 55th Governor of Massachusetts, and for more than twenty years as a United States Senator (1945–1967). Saltonstall was internationalist in foreign policy and moderate on domestic policy, serving as a well-liked mediating force in the Republican Party. He was the only member of the Republican Senate leadership to vote for the censure of Joseph...

Anthony, Susan B. (Susan Brownell), 1820-1906

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Susan B. Anthony (born Susan Anthony; February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1851, she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became her lifelong friend and co-worker in social reform activ...

Miller, Frieda Segelke, 1889-1973

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Frieda Segelke Miller, labor administrator and official, was born at La Crosse, Wisconsin, on April 16, 1889. Her parents, James Gordon, a lawyer, and Erna Segelke, died when Miller was small, leaving Frieda and her younger sister Elsie to be reared by their grandmother, Augusta (Mrs. Charles) Segelke of La Crosse. Miller received her BA from Milwaukee-Downer College (later Lawrence University), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1911; she then spent four years doing graduate work in economics, sociology,...

Forrestal, James, 1892-1949

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James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense. Forrestal came from a very strict middle class Irish Catholic family. He was a successful financier on Wall Street before becoming Undersecretary of the Navy in 1940, shortly before the United States entered the Second World War. He became Secretary of the Navy in May 1944 upon the death of his superior, Frank Knox. Preside...

Hobby, Oveta Culp, 1905-1995

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Oveta Culp Hobby (January 19, 1905 – August 16, 1995) was the first secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, first director of the Women's Army Corps, and a chairperson of the board of the Houston Post. Hobby went to Washington, D.C., in 1941 to head the newly formed women's division of the War Department's Bureau of Public Relations. At the request of Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall she drafted plans for the formation of a women's auxiliary to the male army, ...

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962

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Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady throughout her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office (1933-1945). She was an American politician, diplomat, and activist who later served as a United Nations spokeswoman. A shy, awkward child, starved for recognition and love, Eleanor Roosevelt grew into a woman with great sensitivity to the underprivileged of all creeds, races, and nations. Her constant work to improve their lot made her one of the most loved–...

Dewey, Thomas E. (Thomas Edmund), 1902-1971

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Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was an American lawyer, prosecutor, and politician. Raised in Owosso, Michigan, Dewey was a member of the Republican Party. He served as the 47th governor of New York from 1943 to 1954. In 1944, he was the Republican Party's nominee for president, but lost the election to incumbent Franklin D. Roosevelt in the closest of Roosevelt's four presidential elections. He was again the Republican presidential nominee in 1948, but lost to President Ha...

Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003

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James Strom Thurmond Sr. (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American military officer and politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator from South Carolina. He ran for president in 1948 as the Dixiecrat candidate on a States' rights platform supporting racial segregation. He received 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes, failing to defeat Harry Truman. Thurmond represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Southern De...

Martin, Joseph W. (Joseph William), 1884-1968

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Joseph William Martin Jr. (November 3, 1884 – March 6, 1968) was an American politician who served as the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1947 to 1949 and 1953 to 1955; he represented the district covering North Attleborough, Massachusetts. He was the only Republican to serve as Speaker in a sixty-four year period from 1931 to 1995. He was a "compassionate conservative" who opposed the New Deal and supported the conservative coalition of Republicans and southern D...

Rayburn, Sam, 1882-1961

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Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn was born on January 6, 1882, in a rural area of Roane County, Tennessee. At age five, Rayburn, along with his parents and nine siblings, moved to a forty-acre cotton farm in Flag Springs, Texas. One more child was born after the move to Texas, and every member of the family had to do their share to make the farm profitable. Rayburn's interest in government coincided with the family's move, and it has been suggested that his curiosity intensified due to the "great golden...

Dirksen, Everett McKinley, 1896-1969

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Everett McKinley Dirksen (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. As Senate Minority Leader from 1959 to 1969, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s. He helped write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, both landmark pieces of legislation during the Civil Rights Movement. He...

Fuller, Alvan T. (Alvan Tufts), 1878-1958

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Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964

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Herbert Clark Hoover (b. August 10, 1874, Iowa-d. October 20, 1964), thirty-first president of the United States, was born in Iowa, and was orphaned as a child. A Quaker known from his childhood as "Bert" to his friends, he began a career as a mining engineer soon after graduating from Stanford University in 1895. Within twenty years he had used his engineering knowledge and business acumen to make a fortune as an independent mining consultant. In 1914 Hoover administered the American Relief Com...

Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 1879-1957

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Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge served as First Lady of as the wife of the 30th President, Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929). An exceptionally popular White House hostess, she was voted one of America’s 12 greatest living women in 1931. For her “fine personal influence exerted as First Lady of the Land,” Grace Coolidge received a gold medal from the National Institute of Social Sciences. In 1931 she was voted one of America’s twelve greatest living women. She had grown up in the Green Mountain city ...

Daughters of the American Revolution.

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D. A. R. chapters from Washington, DC and surrounding areas. From the description of Papers, 1948-1949. (Duke University Library). WorldCat record id: 36009706 ...

Harding, Warren Gamaliel, 1865-1923

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Warren Gamaliel Harding (b. November 2, 1865, Blooming Grove, Ohio-d. August 2, 1923, San Francisco, California) was an American politician who served as the 29th President of the United States from March 4, 1921 until his death in 1923....

Powell, Rose Arnold, 1876-1961.

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Women's Overseas Service League

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The Women's Overseas Service League (WOSL) was founded in 1921 by women who had served in World War I. The group initially existed as local units, but soon became a national organization and began publishing the quarterly magazine "Carry On." An annual convention was also established in 1921, and has been held every year except during the World War II years of 1942-1945. WOSL was the first women's organization to contribute to UNICEF and was one of the first organizations to be an accredited obs...

Disabled American veterans

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Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York. He was the son of James (lawyer, financier) and Sara (Delano) Roosevelt. He married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt on March 17, 1905, and had six children: Anna, James, Franklin, Elliott, Franklin Jr., John. He received his B.A. from Harvard in 1904 and later attended Columbia University Law School. Roosevelt was admitted to the Bar in 1907 and worked for the Carter, Ledyard, and Milburn firm in New York City from 1907 to 19...

Veterans of Foreign Wars.

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Federal Employees Veterans Association.

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American legion

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Veteran's organization. From the description of Records, 1893-1927. (Duke University Library). WorldCat record id: 36805972 Association of veterans of American wars. Formed by a group of World War I officers, the American Legion is the world's largest veteran's organization. From the description of Records, 1960-1987. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 61206804 The American Legion was founded in 1919 by veterans returning from Europe after Worl...

McCarthy, Joseph, 1908-1957

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Rogers, John Jacob, 1881-1925.

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Taft, Robert A. (Robert Alphonso), 1889-1853

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Robert A. Taft More than "Mr. Republican" In 1947, Republican Senator Robert A. Taft was at the peak of his power, commanding a coalition of conservative Republicans and southern Democrats to thwart President Harry S. Truman's domestic agenda. Taft's most impressive achievement came in June. The labor-restricting Taft-Hartley Act survived Truman's veto and won Taft the admiration of the press corps. Yet he did not seek the highest political office in the Senate; indeed, the title "majority...

Burke, Arleigh A. 1901-

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Arleigh Albert Burke, U.S. Naval Officer, was born near Boulder, Colorado on 19 October, 1901. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1923 and served in the Navy until his retirement in 1961. A brilliant officer during World War II, Burke fell into disfavor in 1949 due to his opposition to adoption of the Air Force B-36 aircraft, but still achieved promotion to rear admiral and eventually selection as Chief of Naval Operations in 1955. He is credited with building a fleet of nuclear-powered subm...

Blackwell, Alice Stone, 1857-1950

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Daughter of suffrage leaders Lucy Stone and Henry Browne Blackwell, Alice Stone Blackwell joined her parents in writing and editing the Woman's Journal. For additional biographical information, see Notable American Women, 1607-1950 (1971). From the description of Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1885-1950 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008749 Editor, The woman's journal and suffrage news. From the description of Letter, 1920 Apr...

U.S. House of Representatives

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Pearson, Drew, 1897-1969

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Journalist. From the description of Papers of Drew Pearson, 1947-1952. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 74986025 Andrew Russell "Drew" Pearson (1897-1969) was a journalist who traveled extensively as a foreign correspondent for several newspapers, including the Baltimore Sun. In 1931, Pearson and Robert S. Allen anonymously co-authored a book entitled Washington Merry-Go-Round, with gossip about the Washington, D.C. higher-ups, President Herbert Hoover, and Congress. In 1932, ...

Collins, John Frederick, 1919-

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Congressional Record

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McCormack, John W. (John William), 1891-1980

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John William McCormack (December 21, 1891 – November 22, 1980) was an American politician from Boston, Massachusetts. An attorney and a Democrat, McCormack served in the United States Army during World War I, and afterwards won terms in both the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Massachusetts State Senate before winning election to the United States House of Representatives. He became the 45th Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1962. McCormack enjoyed a long House career (192...

American Liberty League

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The American Liberty League was launched on August 22, 1934. The League's board of directors included Irénée du Pont, Pierre du Pont, John Raskob, and Jouett Shouse. The aim of the Liberty League was to build opposition to Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, which during 1933 and early 1934 had enacted a program to regulate American business. The Liberty League was also opposed to the Wagner Act, which set up the National Labor Relations Board, as well as to government sponsored public works pro...

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 1902-1985

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U.S. representative to the United Nations. From the description of Correspondence 1957. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 50307057 United States Senator and ambassador. From the description of Henry Cabot Lodge letter to Harriet L. White [manuscript], 1960 August 8. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 466876849 Henry Cabot Lodge (1902-1985) was a journalist, U.S. Senator, and diplomat, and the grandson of statesman Henry Cabot Lodge,...

Herter, Christian Archibald, 1895-1966

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American statesman; assistant to Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, 1919-1924; secretary of state, 1959-1961. From the description of Christian Archibald Herter miscellaneous papers, 1921. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 123458502 Christian Archibald Herter (1895-1966) was born in Paris, France. He was a diplomat, politician, publisher, editor, and author. In 1959 Herter, who served as governor of Massachusetts during the mid-1950's, was appointed by President Dwight Eisen...

Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933

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Epithet: president of the United States British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000497.0x00001d Calvin Coolidge's son John married John Trumbull's daughter Florence. From the description of Letter, 1931 March 16, Northampton, Mass., to John H. Trumbull, Plainville, Conn. (Hartford Public Library). WorldCat record id: 25622017 For information on Pres. Coolidge, see an encyclopedia. No information is...

Page, William Tyler, 1868-1942

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U.S. House of Representatives clerk. From the description of Statement of William Tyler Page, undated. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79454824 ...