Louis Philippe, King of the French, 1773-1850
Variant namesBiographical notes:
Louis Philippe, King of the French, 1830-1848.
From the description of [Invitation] 1840 oct. 8 [to] comte Abrial / Louis Philippe. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 259486814
Louis-Philippe est le fils aîné de Louis Philippe Joseph, duc de Bourgogne (dit Philippe Egalité) et d’Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, elle-même descendante du comte de Toulouse (fils légitimé de Louis XIV et de la marquise de Montespan). Ainsi, il est également le cousin des rois Louis XVI, Louis XVII et Charles X. Duc de Valois puis duc de Chartres en 1785, il est élevé par la comtesse de Genlis qui est la dame d'honneur de sa mère. S’inscrivant au club des Jacobins en 1790, il rejoint la Garde nationale et s’engage ainsi dans l’armée révolutionnaire. Il participe aux batailles de Valmy et de Jemmapes. Mais, la Terreur le font rejoindre l’ennemi, le général Dumouriez. Son père Philippe-Égalité est aussitôt mis en accusation et guillotiné, en novembre 1793.
Proscrit par les républicains, il s'exile tout d’abord en Suisse où il enseigne les mathématiques sousun pseudonyme, puis en Allemagne à Hambourg en 1795, en Suède et en Amérique en 1796 et enfin en Angleterre en 1800 où il s’installe et tente de se réconcilier avec Louis XVIII. En 1809, il épouse en Sicile la princesse Marie-Amélie de Bourbon, fille du roi de Naples. De ce mariage naissent huit enfants : les ducs d’Orléans, de Nemours, de Montpensier et d’Aumale, le prince de Joinville, Louise-Marie (future épouse de Léopold Ier, roi des Belges), Marie (future reine de Wurtemberg) et Clémentine (future duchesse de Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha).
En 1814, sa deuxième tentative de réconciliation avec Louis XVIII s’avère fructueuse, ce dernier l’autorise à rentrer en France et lui rend les biens de son père. Il sera cependant maintenu à l’écart de la cour et lors des Cents Jours en 1815 il ne suit pas son cousin à Gand préférant aller en Angleterre. C’est seulement en 1817 que Louis XVIII l’autorise à sortir de ce deuxième exil.
A la tête de l’immense fortune des Orléans grâce aussi à la loi dite du « milliard des émigrés » de 1825, Louis-Philippe entre finallement en lutte contre son cousin Louis XVIII. Dès la fuite de Charles X, les républicains proposent au duc d’Orléans la lieutenance générale du royaume le 30 juillet 1830. Le 31 juillet Louis-Philippe est présenté aux parisiens depuis le balcon de l’Hôtel de Ville au coté de Lafayette. Le 7 août 1830 suite à un vote favorable des Chambres, il règne sous le nom de Louis-Philippe 1er et prête serment à la Charte constitutionnelle de 1814. Afin de ménager les républicains, les bonapartistes et la majorité de la classe politique, Louis-Philippe va choisir une politique libérale.
Vivement attaquée par les légitimistes que sont la duchesse de Berry et son fils le comte Chambord, ils contesteront à Louis-Philippe son droit à la couronne. Suite à de fortes répréssions, Louis-Philippe est victime de plusieurs attentats dont celui de Fieschi le 28 juillet 1835. Les présidents du Conseil se succèdent, le banquier Lafitte, Adolphe Thiers en 1836 et 1840, Molé et Soult qui feront de brefs intérims. C’est enfin le conservateur Guizot qui accède au pouvoir et il sera président du Conseil pendant 8 ans.
La crise économique et la mort de l’héritier de la couronne, très populaire conduisent Louis-Philippe à quitter le territoire pour la Grande-Bretagne. La reine Victoria met à sa disposition le château de Claremont (dans le Surrey) où il meurt deux ans plus tard, le 26 août 1850.
Information extraite de la notice des Archives nationals de France (FRAN_NP_050632)
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Subjects:
- Art
- Art patrons
- Furniture
- Manuscripts, French
- Painting, French
- Peninsular War, 1807-1814
- Plague
Occupations:
Places:
- Dover, Kent (as recorded)
- Dudley, Worcestershire (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- Avranches, France (as recorded)
- Algiers, Africa (as recorded)
- Clonmel, Tipperary (as recorded)
- Tamworth, Staffordshire (as recorded)
- Birmingham, Warwickshire (as recorded)
- Argentine Confederation, South America (as recorded)
- Argentine Confederation, South America (as recorded)
- Argentine Confederation, South America (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Turkey, Asia Minor (as recorded)
- Turkey, Asia Minor (as recorded)
- China, Asia (as recorded)
- China, Asia (as recorded)
- China, Asia (as recorded)
- Charlwood, Surrey (as recorded)
- Forfarshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Uruguay, South America (as recorded)
- Uruguay, South America (as recorded)
- Uruguay, South America (as recorded)
- Ennis, Clare (as recorded)
- Ennis, Clare (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Malta, Europe (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Kingsbury, Warwickshire (as recorded)
- Morocco, North Africa (as recorded)
- Morocco, North Africa (as recorded)
- Society Islands, South Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Great Britain (as recorded)
- Beejapoor, Bombay Presidency (as recorded)
- Copenhagen, Denmark (as recorded)
- Portoferraio, Elba (as recorded)
- Netherlands, Europe (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Bewdley, Worcestershire (as recorded)
- Australia, Australia (as recorded)
- Australia, Australia (as recorded)
- Renfrewshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Renfrewshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Satara, Bombay Presidency (as recorded)
- Berwickshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Calais, France (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Haddington, E. Lothian (as recorded)
- Aberdeenshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Aberdeenshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Warwickshire, England (as recorded)
- Warwickshire, England (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- Tipperary, county of, Ireland (as recorded)
- Galway, Ireland (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- Lincoln, Lincolnshire (as recorded)
- West Indies, America (as recorded)
- West Indies, America (as recorded)
- Nicaragua, Central America (as recorded)
- Longford Castle, Wiltshire (as recorded)
- Maynooth, Kildare (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- Kirton, Suffolk (as recorded)
- Versailles, Seine-et-Oise (as recorded)
- Stirlingshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Brittany, France (as recorded)
- Plymouth, Devon (as recorded)
- Riga, Livonia (as recorded)
- Greenford, Middlesex (as recorded)
- Peebles, Scotland (as recorded)
- Peebles, Scotland (as recorded)
- Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire (as recorded)
- Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire (as recorded)
- Malta (as recorded)
- Malta (as recorded)
- Manchester, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Manchester, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Manchester, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Scilly Islands, England (as recorded)
- Stirling, Scotland (as recorded)
- Central America, America (as recorded)
- Cavan, county of, Ireland (as recorded)
- Dymchurch, Kent (as recorded)
- Nuneaton, Warwickshire (as recorded)
- Dunbar, Haddingtonshire (as recorded)
- Amiens, France (as recorded)
- Exeter, Devon (as recorded)
- County Durham, England (as recorded)
- Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, Italy (as recorded)
- Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, Italy (as recorded)
- Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, Italy (as recorded)
- Deer, Aberdeenshire (as recorded)
- Constantinople, Byzantine empire (as recorded)
- France (as recorded)
- France (as recorded)
- Sutton Goldfield, Warwickshire (as recorded)
- Barbados, the Carribean (as recorded)
- Limerick, Ireland (as recorded)
- Limerick, Ireland (as recorded)
- Limerick, Ireland (as recorded)
- Jamaica, Central America (as recorded)
- Paisley, Renfrewshire (as recorded)
- Paisley, Renfrewshire (as recorded)
- Paisley, Renfrewshire (as recorded)
- Serbia, Europe (as recorded)
- Dean, Forest of, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Dean, Forest of, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Moscow, Russia (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Greece, Europe (as recorded)
- Greece, Europe (as recorded)
- Torquay, Devon (as recorded)
- Schortau, Saxony (as recorded)
- Tunis, Tunisia (as recorded)
- Dublin, Ireland (as recorded)
- Dublin, Ireland (as recorded)
- Hanwell, Middlesex (as recorded)
- Aire, Artois (as recorded)
- Stockport, Cheshire (as recorded)
- Oxfordshire, England (as recorded)
- Cornwall, England (as recorded)
- Cumberland, England (as recorded)
- Leitrim, county of, Ireland (as recorded)
- United States of America (as recorded)
- United States of America (as recorded)
- Brazil, South America (as recorded)
- Brazil, South America (as recorded)
- Wick, Caithness-shire (as recorded)
- Shrewsbury, Shropshire (as recorded)
- Londonderry, county of, Ireland (as recorded)
- Martinique, the W. Indies (as recorded)
- lrvine, Ayrshire (as recorded)
- Belgium, Europe (as recorded)
- Drogheda, Ireland (as recorded)
- Dumbarton, Dumbarton (as recorded)
- Blackburn, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Gloucester, Gloucesterhire (as recorded)
- Welton-cum-Melton, East Riding of Yorkshire (as recorded)
- Perthshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Chichester, Sussex (as recorded)
- Macclesfield, Cheshire (as recorded)
- Portugal, Europe (as recorded)
- New Zealand, Australia (as recorded)
- Howth, Dublin (as recorded)
- Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire (as recorded)
- Monmouth, Monmouthshire (as recorded)
- Metz, Lorraine (as recorded)
- Panama, Isthmus of, Central America (as recorded)
- Valetta, Malta (as recorded)
- Carlisle, Cumberland (as recorded)
- Carlisle, Cumberland (as recorded)
- Carlisle, Cumberland (as recorded)
- Arden, Forest of, Warwickshire (as recorded)
- Hill of Knocknarea, Sligo (as recorded)
- Fort William, Invernesshire (as recorded)
- Kirkby-on-Bain, Lincolnshire (as recorded)
- Worcester, Worcestershire (as recorded)
- Fortrose, Ross and Cromarty (as recorded)
- Belfast, Northern Ireland (as recorded)
- Belfast, Northern Ireland (as recorded)
- Belfast, Northern Ireland (as recorded)
- Tynemouth, Northumberland (as recorded)
- San Domingo, the Carribean (as recorded)
- Heavitree, Devon (as recorded)
- Maghera, Londonderry (as recorded)
- Berkshire, England (as recorded)
- Port Nicholson, New Zealand (as recorded)
- Spain, Europe (as recorded)
- Peterhead, Aberdeenshire (as recorded)
- Moulins, France (as recorded)
- Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (as recorded)
- Youghal, Cork (as recorded)
- Oxford, Oxfordshire (as recorded)
- Fouchécour, Comté de, France (as recorded)
- St. Andrews, Fifeshire (as recorded)
- Corsica, France (as recorded)
- Lichfield, Staffordshire (as recorded)
- Loch Assynt, Sutherlandshire (as recorded)
- Leicestershire, England (as recorded)
- Ross-shire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Chatham, Kent (as recorded)
- Brookeborough, Fermanagh (as recorded)
- Penn, Buckinghamshire (as recorded)
- Afghanistan, Asia (as recorded)
- Maguires Bridge, Fermanagh (as recorded)
- Fife, Scotland (as recorded)
- Bandon, Cork (as recorded)
- Perth, Perthshire (as recorded)
- Mexico, Central America (as recorded)
- Isle of Man, England (as recorded)
- Yorkshire, England (as recorded)
- Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire (as recorded)
- Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Northumberland, England (as recorded)
- Wittersham, Kent (as recorded)
- Sittingbourne, Kent (as recorded)
- Uruguay, South America (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Turkey, Asia Minor (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Australia, Australia (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Warwickshire, England (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- China, Asia (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Peebles, Scotland (as recorded)
- Aberdeenshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- Uruguay, South America (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- Renfrewshire, Scotland (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- Morocco, North Africa (as recorded)
- West Indies, America (as recorded)
- Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, Italy (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Ennis, Clare (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- Paisley, Renfrewshire (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- Limerick, Ireland (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Brazil, South America (as recorded)
- India, Asia (as recorded)
- Scotland, United Kingdom (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Malta (as recorded)
- China, Asia (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- Greece, Europe (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Edinburgh, Scotland (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- London, England (as recorded)
- Ireland, Europe (as recorded)
- Cork, Ireland (as recorded)
- Manchester, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Liverpool, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Limerick, Ireland (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- United States of America (as recorded)
- Belfast, Northern Ireland (as recorded)
- Paisley, Renfrewshire (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, Italy (as recorded)
- Canada, North America (as recorded)
- France (as recorded)
- Dean, Forest of, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Belfast, Northern Ireland (as recorded)
- Tahiti, Pacific Ocean (as recorded)
- Dublin, Ireland (as recorded)
- Carlisle, Cumberland (as recorded)
- Bristol, Gloucestershire (as recorded)
- Argentine Confederation, South America (as recorded)
- Carlisle, Cumberland (as recorded)
- Manchester, Lancashire (as recorded)
- Glasgow, Scotland (as recorded)
- Argentine Confederation, South America (as recorded)
