Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982

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Hicks was a literary critic, novelist and teacher (1901-1982). He graduated from Harvard University, studied for the ministry and joined the Communist Party in 1934. He was the literary editor of the New masses and applied Marxist criticism to American literature in his writings. He broke with the Party in 1939 and in the 1950s testified before the House Committee on Un-American Activities against the Party. Arvin (1900-1963) was also educated at Harvard University and taught at Smith College from 1922-1960. Arvin specialized in 19th century American literature. The correspondence between Hicks and Arvin reveal the personal relationship between the two men, as well as their professional interests.

From the description of Granville Hicks correspondence with Newton Arvin, 1928-1963. (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 53318426

Granville Hicks (1901-1982) was an American Marxist and later anti-Marxist novelist, literary critic, educator, and editor.

Born September 9, 1901, in Exeter, NH, to Frank Stevens and Carrie Weston (Horne) Hicks, Granville Hicks earned his bachelor's degree at Harvard University in 1923, and a Master's in 1929. He also studied for two years at Harvard Theological School. In 1925 he married Dorothy Dyer, with whom he had a daughter, Stephanie.

From 1925-1928 Hicks taught at Smith College in Northampton, MA as an instructor in biblical literature. He was an assistant professor of English at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1929-35) and a counselor in American civilization at Harvard (1938-39). For three years (1955-1958) he taught novel writing at the New School for Social Research in New York. He was a visiting professor at New York University (1959), Syracuse University (1960), and Ohio University (1967-68). He was the director of the Yaddo artists' community beginning in 1942 and later served as its acting executive director. For 35 years (1930-1965) he was the literary advisor to Macmillan Publishers.

Hicks was a highly influential Marxist literary critic during the 1930s, well-known for his involvement in a number of celebrated causes (including his well-publicized resignation from the Communist Party in 1939). He established his reputation as an important literary critic with the 1933 publication of The Great Tradition: An Interpretation of American Literature since the Civil War, a systematic history of American literature from a Marxist perspective. In 1932 he voted for the Communist Party ticket and joined almost all the significant Communist party front groups of the 1930s. In 1934 Hicks joined the Communist Party itself and became editor of its cultural magazine The New Masses .

In 1935 Hicks was let go from his teaching position at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a dismissal he claimed was politically motivated although school officials denied this. He continued to teach at various institutions but devoted more and more of his time to writing. In 1936 Hicks was asked to co-write John Reed: The Making of a Revolutionary, a biography of the radical journalist and author of Ten Days that Shook the World . Communist Party chairman Earl Browder pressured Hicks to remove several passages that reflected negatively on the Soviet Union, but in the end the book was praised for its even-handed and unbiased presentation.

In 1939, in protest against the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, Hicks resigned from the Communist Party. He attempted to organize an independent left-wing alternative organization, but with little success. By 1940 he had entirely renounced Communism and termed himself a democratic socialist; that same year he wrote an essay for The Nation entitled, "The Blind Alley of Marxism." During the 1950s Hicks testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee twice, and in 1954 in his essay titled "The Liberals Who Haven't Learned," he "unambiguously characterized the aim of communism as 'brutal revolutionary totalitarianism,' and chided liberals for providing a 'verbal cloak of "social betterment"' for the Soviets."

Hicks died June 18, 1982, in Franklin Park, NJ. By the time of his death, his early radical/Marxist writings were balanced by his later turn to a broader, more humanistic criticism.

From the guide to the Granville Hicks Papers, 1906-1980, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Yaddo records, 1870-1980 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
referencedIn Fenton, Charles A. Charles Andrews Fenton papers, 1954-1960 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Rovere, Richard Halworth, 1915-1979. Richard Halworth Rovere papers, 1926-1981. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
referencedIn Brownell, Baker, 1887-1965. Baker Brownell Papers, 1904-1965. Northwestern University
creatorOf Reed, John, 1887-1920. John Reed additional papers, 1909-1939. Houghton Library
referencedIn Draper, Theodore, 1912-2006. Theodore Draper research files, 1919-1970. Emory University. Special Collections and Archives
referencedIn Novack, George Edward. George Edward Novack and Evelyn Reed papers, 1933-1992. Wisconsin Historical Society Archives
creatorOf Henry Van Dyke papers, 1954-[ca.2009]. University of Michigan
creatorOf Inglis, Agnes, 1870-1952. Letter, 1934 Nov. 18, Ann Arbor, to Granville Hicks, Troy, N.Y. University of Michigan
creatorOf Sherman, Jean. Letters received concerning Spanish Civil War writers auction, 1936-1949 (bulk 1938-1939). Pennsylvania State University Libraries
creatorOf Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982. Correspondence, with Agnes Inglis, 1934. University of Michigan
referencedIn Davis, Robert Gorham,. Papers, 1778-1976. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn De Voto, Bernard Augustine, 1897-1955. Bernard De Voto papers, 1918-1955 (bulk 1944-1951). Stanford University. Department of Special Collections and University Archives
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referencedIn Peirce, Waldo, 1884-1970. Papers of Waldo Peirce, 1936 [manuscript]. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Muriel Rukeyser collection of papers, 1920-1976, 1931-1976 The New York Public Library. Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
referencedIn Bingham, Alfred M. (Alfred Mitchell), 1905-. Alfred Mitchell Bingham and the Common Sense collection, 1905-1979 (inclusive). Yale University Library
referencedIn Unterecker, John, 1922-1989. Papers, 1961-1987. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Merton, Robert King, 1910-2003. Robert K. Merton papers, 1928-2003 [Bulk Dates: 1943-2001]. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Records. : Series II., Alfred A. Knopf Personal, 1874-1984 (bulk 1953-1984). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
referencedIn Lewis, Sinclair, 1885-1951. Sinclair Lewis papers, 1866-1964 (bulk 1910-1950). Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Frank, Nelson, 1906-1974. Papers, 1888-1971. Churchill County Museum
referencedIn Jacques Barzun Papers, ca.1900-1999. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Cather, Willa, 1873-1947. [Two typed letters, signed, to Henry Goddard Leach, Sept. 1, [1931] and May 25, 1932]. Drew University Library, Rose Memorial Library
referencedIn Beck, Patricia, 1924-1978. Patrica Beck Papers, 1936-1986 (bulk 1940-1978). Smith College, Neilson Library
creatorOf Corey, Paul, 1903-. Papers of Paul Corey, 1920-1992. University of Iowa Libraries
referencedIn William Kent Rose papers, [ca. 1940]-1968. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
referencedIn Sykes, Gerald, 1903-. Papers, ca. 1921-1984. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Lewis Corey Papers, ca.1910-1953. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Granville Hicks Papers, 1906-1980 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
creatorOf Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982. Letter, 1956, to Lewis Mumford. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Corey, Lewis. Papers, ca.1910-1953. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
creatorOf Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982. Correspondence with Van Wyck Brooks, 1936-1962. University of Pennsylvania Library
referencedIn Hillyer, Robert, 1895-1961. Robert Hillyer compositions, 1931-1942. Houghton Library
creatorOf Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982. Letter to John Hyde Preston. Grafton, NY. 1938 Aug. 17. University of Iowa Libraries
referencedIn Gerald Sykes Papers, ca. 1921-1984 Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Robert K. Merton Papers, 1928-2003, [Bulk Dates: 1943-2001]. Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
referencedIn Carr, Virginia Spencer. Virginia Spencer Carr papers, 1867-2009. Duke University Libraries, Duke University Library; Perkins Library
referencedIn William Kent Rose papers, [ca. 1940]-1968. New York State Historical Documents Inventory
creatorOf Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, Inc. Records, bulk 1927-1934. Hampshire College, Harold F. Johnson Library
referencedIn Friedman, Philip Allan. Correspondence to Philip Allan Friedman, 1952-1953. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Records. : Series I., General Correspondence, 1922-1977 (bulk 1946-1966). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
creatorOf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Records. Series VII., Other Department Files, 1916-1996 (bulk 1943-1969). Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
creatorOf Erskine, Albert, 1911-1993. Albert Erskine papers, 1930-1999. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn Lawrence E. Spivak Papers, 1917-1994, (bulk 1945-1983) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
creatorOf Manny, Frank Addison, 1868-1954. Frank Addison Manny papers, 1890-1955. Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn John Eugene Unterecker Papers, 1961-1987 Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982. Granville Hicks correspondence with Newton Arvin, 1928-1963. Smith College, Neilson Library
referencedIn Lania, Leo, 1896-1961. Papers, 1916-1959. Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project
referencedIn Clara E. Sipprell Papers, 1915-1970 Syracuse University. Library. Special Collections Research Center
referencedIn Guide to the Nelson Frank Papers, 1888-1971 Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives
referencedIn Sinclair Lewis papers, 1866-1964, 1910-1950 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
creatorOf Smith College. Letters, 1925-1961, to Lewis Mumford. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
creatorOf Hicks, Granville, 1901-1982. Correspondence, 1952, from Sophia Mumford. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Stein and Day Publisher Records, 1963-1988 Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Abbe, George, 1911-1989 person
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associatedWith American Civil Liberties Union. corporateBody
associatedWith Arnow, Harriette Louisa Simpson, 1908-1986 person
associatedWith Arvin, Newton, 1900-1963. person
associatedWith Barzun, Jacques, 1907- person
correspondedWith Beck, Patricia, 1924-1978. person
associatedWith Bellow, Saul. person
associatedWith Bingham, Alfred M. (Alfred Mitchell), 1905- person
associatedWith Bixler, Julius Seelye, 1894- person
associatedWith Bliven, Bruce, 1889-1977 person
associatedWith Bourjaily, Vance, 1922-2010 person
associatedWith Brooks, Van Wyck, 1886-1963 person
associatedWith Browder, Earl, 1891-1973 person
associatedWith Brownell, Baker, 1887-1965. person
associatedWith Bryant, Louise, 1885-1936 person
associatedWith Burroughs, Harry E. (Harry Ernest), 1890- person
associatedWith Calverton, V. F. (Victor Francis), 1900-1940 person
associatedWith Cantwell, Robert, 1908-1978 person
associatedWith Cargill, Oscar, 1898-1972 person
associatedWith Carroll, Gladys Hasty, 1904-1999 person
associatedWith Carr, Virginia Spencer. person
associatedWith Cather, Willa, 1873-1947. person
associatedWith Champney, Freeman. person
associatedWith Cheever, John. person
associatedWith Chevalier, Haakon, 1902-1985 person
associatedWith Conroy, Jack, 1898-1990 person
associatedWith Corey, Lewis. person
associatedWith Corey, Lewis. person
associatedWith Corey, Paul, 1903- person
associatedWith Cowley, Malcolm, 1898-1989 person
associatedWith Cruden, Robert. person
associatedWith Curti, Merle Eugene, 1897-1996 person
associatedWith Dahlberg, Edward, 1900-1977 person
associatedWith Davis, Robert Gorham, person
associatedWith Dell, Floyd, 1887-1969 person
associatedWith De Voto, Bernard Augustine, 1897-1955. person
associatedWith Doughty, Howard, 1904- person
associatedWith Draper, Theodore, 1912-2006. person
associatedWith Dupee, F. W. (Frederick Wilcox), 1904- person
associatedWith Eastman, Max, 1883-1969 person
associatedWith Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, Inc. corporateBody
associatedWith Erskine, Albert, 1911-1993. person
associatedWith Farrell, James T. (James Thomas), 1904-1979 person
associatedWith Fenton, Charles A. person
associatedWith Frank, Nelson, 1906-1974. person
associatedWith Frank, Waldo David, 1889-1967 person
associatedWith Freeman, Joseph, 1897-1965 person
associatedWith Friedman, Philip Allan. person
associatedWith Fry, Varian, 1907-1967 person
associatedWith Gold, Herbert, 1924- person
associatedWith Goldman, Emma, 1869-1940 person
associatedWith Gold, Michael, 1894-1967 person
associatedWith Gregory, Horace, 1898-1982 person
associatedWith Hallowell, Robert. person
associatedWith Haydn, Hiram Collins, 1907-1973 person
associatedWith Herbst, Josephine, 1892-1969 person
associatedWith Hillyer, Robert, 1895-1961. person
associatedWith Inglis, Agnes, 1870-1952. person
associatedWith Kennedy, William, 1928- person
associatedWith Kreymborg, Alfred, 1883-1966 person
associatedWith Krutch, Joseph Wood, 1893-1970 person
associatedWith Lamont, Corliss, 1902-1995 person
associatedWith Lania, Leo, 1896-1961. person
associatedWith Levenson, Sam, 1911-1980 person
associatedWith Lewis, Sinclair, 1885-1951. person
associatedWith MacLeish, Archibald, 1892-1982 person
associatedWith Macmillan Company. corporateBody
associatedWith Madden, David, 1933- person
associatedWith Manny, Frank Addison, 1868-1954. person
associatedWith Matthiessen, F. O. (Francis Otto), 1902-1950 person
associatedWith Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956 person
associatedWith Merton, Robert King, 1910-2003. person
associatedWith Morris, Wright, 1910-1998 person
associatedWith Nevins, Allan, 1890-1971 person
associatedWith New School for Social Research (New York, N.Y. : 1919-1997) corporateBody
associatedWith Novack, George Edward. person
associatedWith O'Connor, Flannery. person
associatedWith Owen, Guy, 1925-1981 person
associatedWith Page, Myra, 1897-1993 person
associatedWith Painter, Charlotte. person
associatedWith Parrington, Vernon Louis, 1871-1929 person
associatedWith Peirce, Waldo, 1884-1970. person
associatedWith Preston, John Hyde, 1906-, person
associatedWith Reed, John, 1887-1920. person
associatedWith Robbins, Jack Alan. person
associatedWith Rose, W. K. person
associatedWith Roskolenko, Harry. person
associatedWith Rovere, Richard Halworth, 1915-1979. person
associatedWith Rukeyser, Muriel, 1913- person
associatedWith Schorer, Mark, 1908-1977 person
associatedWith Scott, Evelyn, 1893-1963 person
associatedWith Sherman, Jean. person
associatedWith Simonson, Lee, 1888-1967 person
associatedWith Sinclair, Upton, 1878-1968 person
associatedWith Sipprell, Clara E. (Clara Estelle), 1885-1975 person
associatedWith Smith, Chard Powers, 1894-1977 person
associatedWith Smith College. corporateBody
associatedWith Spivak, Lawrence E. (Lawrence Edmund), 1900-1994. person
associatedWith Steffens, Lincoln, 1866-1936 person
associatedWith Stein and Day Publishers. corporateBody
associatedWith Sykes, Gerald, 1903- person
associatedWith Unterecker, John, 1922-1989. person
associatedWith Van Dyke, Henry. person
associatedWith Wilson, Edmund, 1895-1972 person
associatedWith Winter, Ella. person
associatedWith Wolfe, Bertram David, 1896-1977 person
associatedWith Yaddo. corporateBody
associatedWith Yaddo (Artist's colony). corporateBody
Place Name Admin Code Country
United States
Subject
American literature
Publishers and publishing
Authors, American
Novelists, American
Biographers, Authorship
Biography
City and town life
Communism
Communism and education
Communism and intellectuals
Community life
Critics
Literary historians
Literary quarrels
Literature
Literature
Marxist criticism
Radicalism
Radicalism
Occupation
Biographers
Critic
Novelists
Activity

Person

Birth 1901-09-09

Death 1982-06-18

Americans

English

Information

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