Papers, 1819-1850.

Gray, Asa, 1810-1888

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Often called the “Father of American Botany,” Asa Gray was instrumental in establishing systematic botany as a field of study at Harvard University and, to some extent, in the United States. His relationships with European and North American botanists and collectors enabled him to serve as a central clearing house for the identification of plants from newly explored areas of North America. He also served as a link between American and European botanical sciences. Gray regularly reviewed new Euro...

Say, Thomas, 1787-1834

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Thomas Say (1787-1834) was a naturalist, entomologist, conchologist and explorer. The son of physician-apothecary Bejamin Say and his wife Ann Bonsall, granddaughter of the botanist John Bartram (1699-1777), Say was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 27, 1787. His mother died when he was six. Say’s connections with his great-uncle naturalist William Bartram (1739-1823), Bartram’s friend and neighbor the ornithologist Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) and Charles Wilson Peale (17...

Ruschenberger, W.S.W. (William Samuel Waithman), 1807-1895

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William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger (1807-1895) was a physician in the U.S. Medical Corps from 1826 through the middle of the nineteenth century. He was born in Cumberland, NJ; educated in Philadelphia, PA, and New York, NY; and was appointed surgeon's mate in the U.S. Navy in 1826. His first cruise was aboard the U.S. frigate BRANDYWINE (1826-1829) which made port in several cities in South America including Callao, Peru; Valparaiso, Chile; and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He received the degree o...

Torrey, John, 1796-1873

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John Torrey (1796-1873) was one of the greatest figures in American botanical history. He led botanists in the adoption of the natural system of classification. His extensive herbarium became the foundation of the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium. Appointed botanist for the Geological Survey of the State of New York in 1836, he published the first compete flora of the state in addition to preparing descriptions of plants collected during surveys for the Pacific railroad routes, the...

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

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The oldest natural science research institution and museum in the Americas, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia was founded in 1812 "for the encouragement and cultivation of the sciences, and the advancement of useful learning." Since the founding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, there have been twenty-eight presidents and five acting presidents (please see additional note for a complete list of Academy presidents). From 1937 to 1995, there were four pre...

La Roche, R. (René), 1795-1872.

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R. La Roche was a Philadelphia physician and epidemiologist. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1827. From the description of Papers, 1827-1901. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122616221 From the guide to the R. (René) La Roche papers, 1827-1901, 1827-1901, (American Philosophical Society) René La Roche, son of a French physician of the same name, was born in Philadelphia on 23 Sept. 1795. He married M...

Breck, Samuel, 1771-1862

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Pennsylvania State Senator; U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania. From the description of Letter and photograph of Samuel Breck, 1834, n.d. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 51298011 Samuel Breck was a Philadelphia merchant and was a member of the American Philosophical Society (elected 1838). From the description of Historical sketch of the Continental bills of credit, from the year 1775 to 1781, with specimens thereof, 1840. (American Philosophical So...

Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844

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Du Ponceau was a Philadelphia lawyer who arrived in Portsmouth, N.H., from France in 1777, achieved early prominence as an aide to von Steuben, and as secretary to Robert Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Congress in 1781. Du Ponceau was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1785 where his familiarity with both American and European law brought him an important practice. His intellectual interests included both history and linguistics and he published extensively in both fields. He ...

Mantell, Gideon Algernon, 1790-1852

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Audubon, John James, 1785-1851

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Naturalist, ornithologist, and artist, known for his Birds of America. From the description of Letters received, 1831-1853. (Buffalo History Museum). WorldCat record id: 56506202 Audubon was an American artist and ornithologost. From the guide to the John James Audubon letters and drawings, 1805-1892 (inclusive), 1805-1847 (bulk)., (Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University) John James Audubon was a painter and ornithologist. Born in ...

Pentland, Joseph Barclay, 1797-1873

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Epithet: of Add MS 37938 British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000149.0x000245 Epithet: of Add MS 42581 British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000149.0x000247 Epithet: of Add MS 38986 British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000149.0x000246 ...

Nuttall, Thomas, 1786-1859

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Naturalist, of England; explorer and writer on plants, birds, and other native species in North America; surname spelled variously. From the description of Note from Thomas Nuttale, probably to a Professor Terry, 1838. (New London County Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 222009131 Zaccheus Collins was a merchant and botanist. From the guide to the Zaccheus Collins botanical correspondence, 1805-1827, 1805-1827, (American Philosophical Society) Nat...

DeKay, James Ellsworth, 1792-1851.

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Buckland, William, 1784-1856

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William Buckland was an English cleric, geologist, and vertebrate paleontologist. He was the first Reader of Geology, University of Oxford (from 1819). Buckland is most noted as the scientific discoverer of dinosaurs. From the description of Letters, 1817-1848. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122689446 English cleric William Buckland worked as a geologist and vertebrate paleontologist. The first Reader of Geology, University of Oxford (from 1819...

Bird, Robert Montgomery, 1806-1854

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Philadelphia editor and playwright. From the description of ALS : to Richard Penn Smith, 1834 Nov. 5. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122525043 Robert Montgomery Bird was an American author and dramatist. Born in New Castle, Delaware, Bird experienced hardship as a child, but graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and became a physician. His literary aspirations led him to write poetry and drama, and he experienced early success as a playwright. ...

Brongniart, Alexandre, 1770-1847

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French mineralogist and geologist. Director of Sevres porcelain factory (from 1800), where he revived the art of painting on glass and developed ceramic chemistry. From the description of Letters, 1812-1819. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 80500189 French chemist and geologist; director of the Sevres porcelain works. From the description of Letter : to Alphonse de Gisors, 1836. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 78253849 Botanist. From the descrip...

Conrad, Timothy Abbot, 1803-1877

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Troost, Gerard, 1776-1850

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Hildreth, Samuel P. (Samuel Prescott), 1783-1863

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Physician and historian, of Marietta, Ohio. From the description of Inventory and notes, ca. 1936. (Ohio Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 40309654 ...

Tappan, Benjamin, 1773-1857

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Jurist, lawyer, and U.S. senator of Ohio. From the description of Papers of Benjamin Tappan, 1799-1852. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71068238 American Senator, lawyer and anti-slavery leader. From the description of Autograph letter signed : Washington, D.C., to William Cullen Bryant, 1839 Dec. 18. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270579143 Jurist and U.S. senator from Ohio. From the description of Benjamin Tappan papers, 1795-1900 (bulk 1795...

Harlan, Richard, 1769-1843.

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Philadelphia naturalist and physician. From the description of ALS : Philadelphia, to Francis Markoe, 1842 July 3. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122690104 ...

Haldeman, Samuel Stehman, 1812-1880

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Haldeman was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. From the description of Letters and papers, ca. 1855-1879. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 122490919 Samuel Stehman Haldeman was a scientist and philologist. From the description of Letters, 1859-1875. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122540802 Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1812-1880, APS, 1844) American naturalist and philologist, w...

Warren, John Collins, 1778-1856

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John Collins Warren, surgeon and naturalist, was born in Boston in 1778, the son of Harvard physician John Warren and Abigail (Collins) Warren. He graduated from Harvard College in 1797 and began the study of medicine with his father. From 1799 to 1802 he studied medicine in Paris and London. When he returned, he went into practice with his father. In 1809, Warren became adjunct professor in anatomy and surgery at Harvard Medical School and in 1815 succeeded his father as professor, a position h...

Pickering, Charles, 1805-1878

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Pickering was a physician and a naturalist. He was a member of the Harvard College Class of 1823 but transferred to the Harvard Medical School and received an MD in 1826. In 1849 he was granted the AB with the Class of 1823. In 1827 he settled in Philadelphia where he practiced medicine and began active work with the Academy of Natural Sciences. He was appointed chief zoologist of the United States Exploring Expedition from 1838-1842. After this and other voyages, he made his home in Boston in M...

United States exploring expedition (1838-1842)

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The United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes left U.S.A. Aug. 1838, returning July 1842. The ships in the expedition were the Flying Fish, Oregon, Peacock, Porpoise, Relief, Seagull and Vincennes. The expedition visited the Antarctic, Sydney Harbour, Bay of Islands, N.Z., various islands in the Pacific and areas on the coast of South America and U.S.A. From the description of Records [microform]. (Libraries Australia). WorldCat record id: 225845806 ...

Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, 1793-1864

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Epithet: Vice-president of the American Ethnological Society British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000561.0x0000a9 Author, Indian agent and ethnologist. From the description of Henry Rowe Schoolcraft papers, 1826-1841. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 34418398 Henry Schoolcraft was an ethnologist, geologist, Indian agent, and glass manufacturer. From th...

Hodgkin, Thomas, 1798-1866

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English physician and historian. From the description of Papers, 1850 and undated. (Duke University). WorldCat record id: 35091897 Thomas Hodgkin was born in London in 1798, the son of John Hodgkin (1766-1845), a private tutor. The family were strong Quakers and originated in Warwickshire. He trained in medicine at Edinburgh University, taking his M.D. in 1823. After travels in Europe he became Curator of the Medical Museum and Inspector of the Dead at Guy's Hospital, London...

Cooper, William, 1776-1848

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Bachman, John, 1790-1874

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American naturalist. From the description of On the different species of Hares (Genus Lepidus) inhabiting the U.S. of America : autograph manuscripts, one signed "Actophilus", 1832 Nov. 8. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270135758 The Reverend John Bachman was a minister at St. John's Lutheran Church in Charleston, S.C. From the description of Letter, 1862. (College of Charleston). WorldCat record id: 50777192 The Reverend John Bachman was a minister at S...

Wied-Neuwied, Maximilien Alexandre Philippe, prinz von, 1782-1864.

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Featherstonhaugh, George William, 1780-1866

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George William Featherstonhaugh was a geologist and traveler, and was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1809. From the description of Papers, 1771-1856. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122464837 From the guide to the George William Featherstonhaugh papers, 1771-1856, 1771-1856, (American Philosophical Society) Epithet: diplomatist British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:...

Eaton, Amos, 1776-1842

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Parker Cleaveland worked as a mineralogist and geologist. From the guide to the Parker Cleaveland papers, [ca. 1806]-1844, Circa 1806-1844, (American Philosophical Society) Born in Chatham, New York, Amos Eaton graduated from Williams College in 1799 and then studied law in New York City. He was admitted to the state bar in 1802. After imprisonment from 1811 to 1815, Eaton refocused his attention on science and botany. His pragmatic concern was the "application of science to...

Schweinitz, Lewis David ˜vonœ 1780-1834

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Lewis David von Schweinitz (1780-1834) was called "the first American mycologist" by William Farlow. He is also known by the names de Schweinitz and Schweinitz. His Synopsis fungorum Carolinae Superioris and Synopsis fungorum in America Borealis are milestones in the history of mycology. Born in Bethlehem, Pa., he was educated by the Moravian Brethren in Germany. Von Schweinitz's career as a secular official of the Moravian Church in the United States provided opportunities for travel and collec...

Cleaveland, Parker, 1780-1858

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Parker Cleaveland (1780-1858) was a professor at Bowdoin College from 1805 until his death in 1858. For the school terms 1840-41, 1841-42, and 1842-43, he was Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Natural Philosophy, as well as Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, and Lecturer on Civil Polity. From the description of Lecture notes, c. 1840? (American Antiquarian Society). WorldCat record id: 191259246 Parker Cleaveland (1780-1858) was a scientist and professor of chemistry, ...

Maclure, William, 1763-1840

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Parker Cleaveland worked as a mineralogist and geologist. From the guide to the Parker Cleaveland papers, [ca. 1806]-1844, Circa 1806-1844, (American Philosophical Society) Born in Scotland, Maclure became a U.S. citizen in 1803. His interests were science and education, and he set up an agricultural school at New Harmony, Ind. Maclure's will was somewhat unclear, and his brother Alexander, who was made executor, apparently disregarded it and handled the estate carelessly. T...

Morton, Samuel George, 1799-1851

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Samuel George Morton was a physician, naturalist, and anthropologist. From the description of Papers, 1819-1850. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122489495 From the description of Diary, 1833-[ca. 1837]. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 173465849 From the description of Papers, 1838-1844. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 17270630 From the description of Letter book : Philadelphia, Pa., 1832-1837. (Peki...

Combe, George, 1788-1858

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Scottish phrenologist. From the description of Autograph letter signed : Boston, to an unidentified recipient in Salem, 1838 Oct. 24. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270515793 From the description of Autograph letter signed : Edinburgh, to the Reverend John Pierpont, 1838 Aug. 10. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270518623 Scottish lawyer and phrenologist. From the description of Papers, 1829-1838, [Edinburgh]. (Duke University). WorldCat record id: 3144525...

Poinsett, Joel Roberts, 1779-1851

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Charleston and Georgetown, S.C. attorney, plantation owner, and politician. Poinsett served as the U.S. Secretary of War under President Martin Van Buren from 1837 to 1841. From the description of Letters, 1837-1839. (The South Carolina Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 37522812 U.S. diplomat and secretary of war. An amateur of natural history, he imported and cultivated the Mexican flower named in his honor, and was one of the founders in 1840 of the National Institu...

Caldwell, Charles, 1772-1853

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Physician. He developed Transylvania University's medical school into one of the nation's strongest and was co-founder of the Louisville Medical Institute. From the description of Letter, 1820 Dec. 9. (Filson Historical Society, The). WorldCat record id: 46763925 Philadelphia physician. From the description of ALS : to James Ewell, 1816 Aug. 13. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122490275 Surgeon and professor of medicine. ...

Mitchill, Samuel L. (Samuel Latham), 1764-1831

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Physician Joseph Carson taught medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The College of Philadelphia's Medical School, founded in 1765, became known as the University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Medicine In 1779. From the guide to the Joseph Carson letters, 1789-1858, 1789-1858, (American Philosophical Society) Physician and naturalist. From the description of Papers, 1792-1928. (Duke University). WorldCat record id: 35203561 Mitchill (Edinburgh, M.D. 17...

Say, Lucy Way Sistare, 1801-1886

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Doornik, Jacob Elisa, 1777-1837

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