American Medical Association. Dept. of Investigation.

Dates:
Active 1909
Active 1972
Active 1918
Active 1974
Active 1910
Active 1960
Active 1904
Active 1944
Active 1908
Active 1974
Active 1904
Active 1983
Active 1911
Active 1966
Active 1904
Active 1974
Active 1913
Active 1961
Active 1910
Active 1966
Active 1911
Active 1971
Active 1924
Active 1958
Active 1907
Active 1983
Active 1910
Active 1979
Active 1895
Active 1973
Active 1909
Active 1981
Active 1906
Active 1990
Active 1909
Active 1969
Active 1905
Active 1974
Active 1899
Active 1936
Active 1906
Active 1983
Active 1909
Active 1982
Active 1903
Active 1974
Active 1905
Active 1983
Active 1922
Active 1983
Active 1936
Active 1967
Active 1915
Active 1966
Active 1912
Active 1952
Active 1904
Active 1982
Active 1914
Active 1973
Active 1906
Active 1967
Active 1912
Active 1972
Active 1932
Active 1979
Active 1910
Active 1970
Active 1963
Active 1974
Active 1907
Active 1944
Active 1923
Active 1974
Active 1915
Active 1982
Active 1906
Active 1975
Active 1904
Active 1966
Active 1913
Active 1970
Active 1910
Active 1958
Active 1918
Active 1936
Active 1906
Active 1970
Active 1927
Active 1970
Active 1909
Active 1951
Active 1884
Active 1956
Active 1910
Active 1974
Active 1908
Active 1970
Active 1911
Active 1969
Active 1909
Active 1983
Active 1909
Active 1971
Active 1926
Active 1971
Active 1911
Active 1976
Active 1916
Active 1951
Active 1909
Active 1958
Active 1912
Active 1982
Active 1928
Active 1972
Active 1911
Active 1962
Active 1930
Active 1969
Active 1953
Active 1983
Active 1903
Active 1973
Active 1928
Active 1970
Active 1898
Active 1967
Active 1911
Active 1939
Active 1903
Active 1981
Active 1913
Active 1973
Active 1924
Active 1969
Active 1908
Active 1983
Active 1907
Active 1973
Active 1912
Active 1983
Active 1910
Active 1959
Active 1930
Active 1964
Active 1910
Active 1964
Active 1914
Active 1929
Active 1905
Active 1971
Active 1951
Active 1981
Active 1904
Active 1964
Active 1901
Active 1977
Active 1887
Active 1973
Active 1906
Active 1971
Active 1906
Active 1969
Active 1918
Active 1979
Active 1926
Active 1974
Active 1906
Active 1958
Active 1907
Active 1969
Active 1901
Active 1970
Active 1904
Active 1965
Active 1910
Active 1973
Active 1905
Active 1975
Active 1956
Active 1977
Active 1908
Active 1960
Active 1912
Active 1948
Active 1909
Active 1979
Active 1904
Active 1962
Active 1899
Active 1974
Active 1909
Active 1975
Active 1903
Active 1983
Active 1903
Active 1989
Active 1925
Active 1982
Active 1905
Active 1969
Active 1908
Active 1956
Active 1977
Active 1983
Active 1951
Active 1974
Active 1910
Active 1967
Active 1902
Active 1974
Active 1880
Active 1970
Active 1909
Active 1966
Active 1927
Active 1976
Active 1905
Active 1962
Active 1909
Active 1967
Active 1913
Active 1952
Active 1910
Active 1968
Active 1911
Active 1974
Active 1954
Active 1971
Active 1904
Active 1949
Active 1909
Active 1938
Active 1924
Active 1977
Active 1916
Active 1974
Active 1906
Active 1962
Active 1901
Active 1973
Active 1909
Active 1937
Active 1906
Active 1932
Active 1893
Active 1946
Active 1928
Active 1938
Active 1899
Active 1967
Active 1913
Active 1953
Active 1905
Active 1964
Active 1919
Active 1970
Active 1915
Active 1961
Active 1899
Active 1952
Active 1907
Active 1974
Active 1920
Active 1975
Active 1925
Active 1967
Active 1919
Active 1980
Active 1909
Active 1957
Active 1917
Active 1954
Active 1910
Active 1983
Active 1901
Active 1955
Active 1902
Active 1942
Active 1928
Active 1962
Active 1958
Active 1974
Active 1907
Active 1965
Active 1919
Active 1965
Active 1908
Active 1924
Active 1897
Active 1974
Active 1926
Active 1975
Active 1906
Active 1974
Active 1905
Active 1982
Active 1913
Active 1974
Active 1912
Active 1974
Active 1904
Active 1953
Active 1919
Active 1959
Active 1915
Active 1978
Active 1904
Active 1959
Active 1903
Active 1961
Active 1922
Active 1965
Active 1914
Active 1975
Active 1925
Active 1951
Active 1906
Active 1966
Active 1911
Active 1973
Active 1907
Active 1941
Active 1913
Active 1969
Active 1914
Active 1957
Active 1905
Active 1948
Active 1914
Active 1978
Active 1927
Active 1968
Active 1926
Active 1955
Active 1929
Active 1974
Active 1911
Active 1980
Active 1905
Active 1935
Active 1906
Active 1959
Active 1914
Active 1981
Active 1876
Active 1969
Active 1908
Active 1968
Active 1901
Active 1932
Active 1947
Active 1978
Active 1913
Active 1968
Active 1911
Active 1970
Active 1908
Active 1961
Active 1909
Active 1961
Active 1929
Active 1971
Active 1906
Active 1960
Active 1921
Active 1983
Active 1912
Active 1959
Active 1900
Active 1972
Active 1896
Active 1961
Active 1908
Active 1942
Active 1909
Active 1974
Active 1912
Active 1973
Active 1910
Active 1937
Active 1908
Active 1973
Active 1937
Active 1983
Active 1899
Active 1962
Active 1898
Active 1976
Active 1901
Active 1941
Active 1911
Active 1979
Active 1905
Active 1939
Active 1928
Active 1975
Active 1910
Active 1961
Active 1921
Active 1971
Active 1910
Active 1981
Active 1906
Active 1973
Active 1934
Active 1970
Active 1913
Active 1941
Active 1843
Active 1990
Active 1919
Active 1973
Active 1903
Active 1939
Active 1899
Active 1973
Active 1906
Active 1980
Active 1954
Active 1973
Active 1911
Active 1964
Active 1907
Active 1940
Active 1912
Active 1978
Active 1914
Active 1954
Active 1911
Active 1961
Active 1903
Active 1940
Active 1952
Active 1974
Active 1929
Active 1968
Active 1911
Active 1978
Active 1930
Active 1982
Active 1913
Active 1927
Active 1915
Active 1980
Active 1909
Active 1963
Active 1914
Active 1931
Active 1915
Active 1965
Active 1900
Active 1974
Active 1911
Active 1981
Active 1915
Active 1968
Active 1932
Active 1969
Active 1900
Active 1983
Active 1913
Active 1982
Active 1894
Active 1960
Active 1906
Active 1963
Active 1909
Active 1953
Active 1910
Active 1936
Active 1934
Active 1974
Active 1900
Active 1967
Active 1911
Active 1917
Active 1917
Active 1983
Active 1914
Active 1959
Active 1904
Active 1970
Active 1910
Active 1969
Active 1923
Active 1970
Active 1923
Active 1954
Active 1913
Active 1972
Active 1924
Active 1974
Active 1912
Active 1969
Active 1965
Active 1969
Active 1955
Active 1982
Active 1904
Active 1960
Active 1914
Active 1967
Active 1887
Active 1974
Active 1906
Active 1965
Active 1910
Active 1957
Active 1904
Active 1972
Active 1960
Active 1976
Active 1952
Active 1957
Active 1909
Active 1959
Active 1908
Active 1936
Active 1909
Active 1970
Active 1911
Active 1946
Active 1910
Active 1972
Active 1903
Active 1954
Active 1911
Active 1983
Active 1931
Active 1983
Active 1930
Active 1967
Active 1922
Active 1973
Active 1911
Active 1967
Active 1906
Active 1972
Active 1932
Active 1954
Active 1899
Active 1943
Active 1900
Active 1951
Active 1908
Active 1981
Active 1925
Active 1973
Active 1925
Active 1969
Active 1910
Active 1980
Active 1900
Active 1964
Active 1914
Active 1974
Active 1911
Active 1947
Active 1911
Active 1943
Active 1921
Active 1974
Active 1894
Active 1983
Active 1921
Active 1969
Active 1928
Active 1957
Active 1921
Active 1972
Active 1919
Active 1983
Active 1909
Active 1936
Active 1914
Active 1969
Active 1955
Active 1972
Active 1921
Active 1956
Active 1928
Active 1982
Active 1910
Active 1940
Active 1909
Active 1940
Active 1916
Active 1970
Active 1910
Active 1982
Active 1915
Active 1973
Active 1909
Active 1976
Active 1887
Active 1972
Active 1953
Active 1974
Active 1904
Active 1961
Active 1919
Active 1978
Active 1913
Active 1954
Active 1899
Active 1983
Active 1909
Active 1973
Active 1903
Active 1970
Active 1909
Active 1942
Active 1910
Active 1971
Active 1903
Active 1957
Active 1911
Active 1960
Active 1950
Active 1974
Active 1934
Active 1983
Active 1910
Active 1948
Active 1904
Active 1952
Active 1905
Active 1972
Active 1905
Active 1945
Active 1926
Active 1973
Active 1909
Active 1962
Active 1930
Active 1974
Active 1895
Active 1967
Active 1912
Active 1980
Active 1911
Active 1937
Active 1912
Active 1962
Active 1915
Active 1967
Active 1900
Active 1981
Active 1914
Active 1942
Active 1897
Active 1961
Active 1895
Active 1983
Active 1954
Active 1974
Active 1896
Active 1979
Active 1909
Active 1947
Active 1908
Active 1979
Active 1915
Active 1971
Active 1922
Active 1970
Active 1907
Active 1976
Active 1947
Active 1969
Active 1904
Active 1973
Active 1914
Active 1983
Active 1908
Active 1978
Active 1906
Active 1957
Active 1909
Active 1964
Active 1905
Active 1967
Active 1906
Active 1981
Active 1901
Active 1983
Active 1925
Active 1945
Active 1922
Active 1957
Active 1895
Active 1969
Active 1909
Active 1930
Active 1894
Active 1969
Active 1904
Active 1967
Active 1921
Active 1982
Active 1960
Active 1975
Active 1924
Active 1983
Active 1914
Active 1961
Active 1905
Active 1970
Active 1915
Active 1969
Active 1906
Active 1948
Active 1910
Active 1934
Active 1958
Active 1969
Active 1880
Active 1983
Active 1917
Active 1982
Active 1912
Active 1970
Active 1895
Active 1974
Active 1915
Active 1974
Active 1921
Active 1955
Active 1907
Active 1958
Active 1922
Active 1972
Active 1946
Active 1968
Active 1903
Active 1959
Active 1905
Active 1973
Active 1909
Active 1990
Active 1899
Active 1970
Active 1926
Active 1976
Active 1935
Active 1969
Active 1905
Active 1968
Active 1918
Active 1959
Active 1909
Active 1965
Active 1902
Active 1971
Active 1920
Active 1983
Active 1907
Active 1985
Active 1912
Active 1965
Active 1885
Active 1974
Active 1899
Active 1984
Active 1926
Active 1972
Active 1907
Active 1972
Active 1908
Active 1966
Active 1917
Active 1972
Active 1920
Active 1973
Active 1918
Active 1972
Active 1940
Active 1974
Active 1843
Active 1976
Active 1927
Active 1974
Active 1901
Active 1945
Active 1914
Active 1956
Active 1899
Active 1976
Active 1914
Active 1972
Active 1906
Active 1982
Active 1902
Active 1973
Active 1905
Active 1953
Active 1907
Active 1948
Active 1902
Active 1983
Active 1911
Active 1955
Active 1916
Active 1961
Active 1931
Active 1964
Active 1905
Active 1940
Active 1965
Active 1974
Active 1923
Active 1976
Active 1908
Active 1953
Active 1955
Active 1983
Active 1916
Active 1971
Active 1907
Active 1942
Active 1903
Active 1941
Active 1928
Active 1958
Active 1954
Active 1963
Active 1910
Active 1943
Active 1963
Active 1976
Active 1931
Active 1978
Active 1911
Active 1948
Active 1914
Active 1971
Active 1903
Active 1969
Active 1907
Active 1918
Active 1918
Active 1966
Active 1931
Active 1974
Active 1887
Active 1975
Active 1910
Active 1962
Active 1913
Active 1976
Active 1910
Active 1947
Active 1904
Active 1969
Active 1895
Active 1946
Active 1894
Active 1954
Active 1956
Active 1980
Active 1947
Active 1981
Active 1896
Active 1963
Active 1901
Active 1948
Active 1910
Active 1931
Active 1906
Active 1985
Active 1900
Active 1968
Active 1910
Active 1939
Active 1907
Active 1981
Active 1908
Active 1948
Active 1912
Active 1976
Active 1919
Active 1969
Active 1957
Active 1974
Active 1916
Active 1937
Active 1961
Active 1972
Active 1913
Active 1980
Active 1939
Active 1969
Active 1917
Active 1974
Active 1909
Active 1960
Active 1914
Active 1940
Active 1903
Active 1965
Active 1929
Active 1973
Active 1917
Active 1965
Active 1937
Active 1972
Active 1920
Active 1981
Active 1949
Active 1983
Active 1905
Active 1941
Active 1924
Active 1980
Active 1930
Active 1973
Active 1910
Active 1976
Active 1899
Active 1978
Active 1910
Active 1933
Active 1910
Active 1965
Active 1922
Active 1981
Active 1913
Active 1981
Active 1903
Active 1979
Active 1912
Active 1964
Active 1927
Active 1953
Active 1905
Active 1947
Active 1902
Active 1969
Active 1926
Active 1969
Active 1906
Active 1964
Active 1904
Active 1968
Active 1909
Active 1941
Active 1925
Active 1974
Active 1914
Active 1964
Active 1914
Active 1958
Active 1921
Active 1958
Active 1909
Active 1948
Active 1904
Active 1950
Active 1906
Active 1979
Active 1925
Active 1926
Active 1916
Active 1925
Active 1885
Active 1973
Active 1903
Active 1971
Active 1914
Active 1947
Active 1912
Active 1954
Active 1916
Active 1972
Active 1907
Active 1950
Active 1899
Active 1971
Active 1961
Active 1983
Active 1905
Active 1931
Active 1909
Active 1952
Active 1899
Active 1975
Active 1913
Active 1971
Active 1923
Active 1982
Active 1907
Active 1967
Active 1924
Active 1966
Active 1960
Active 1981
Active 1913
Active 1932
Active 1915
Active 1930
Active 1911
Active 1963
Active 1918
Active 1982
Active 1913
Active 1963
Active 1907
Active 1938
Active 1927
Active 1973
Active 1912
Active 1977
Active 1919
Active 1974
Active 1912
Active 1933
Active 1919
Active 1979
Active 1927
Active 1939
Active 1914
Active 1968
Active 1913
Active 1978
Active 1914
Active 1970
Active 1906
Active 1946
Active 1900
Active 1950
Active 1907
Active 1979
Active 1906
Active 1976
Active 1950
Active 1982
Active 1913
Active 1983
Active 1907
Active 1970
Active 1918
Active 1967
Active 1905
Active 1955
Active 1901
Active 1953
Active 1921
Active 1952
Active 1919
Active 1949
Active 1926
Active 1979
Active 1911
Active 1982
Active 1909
Active 1984
Active 1924
Active 1982
Active 1962
Active 1972
Active 1900
Active 1973
Active 1955
Active 1979
Active 1922
Active 1980
Active 1910
Active 1942
Active 1922
Active 1948
Active 1914
Active 1976
Active 1932
Active 1970
Active 1917
Active 1969
Active 1903
Active 1967
Active 1887
Active 1981
Active 1922
Active 1974
Active 1902
Active 1963
Active 1923
Active 1983
Active 1912
Active 1944
Active 1908
Active 1957
Active 1960
Active 1969
Active 1906
Active 1934
Active 1938
Active 1970
Active 1928
Active 1948
Active 1908
Active 1972
Active 1910
Active 1977
Active 1916
Active 1960
Active 1901
Active 1974
Active 1966
Active 1974
Active 1912
Active 1975
Active 1911
Active 1972
Active 1907
Active 1920
Active 1955
Active 1981
Active 1905
Active 1957
Active 1958
Active 1971
Active 1913
Active 1965
Active 1962
Active 1974
Active 1911
Active 1944
Active 1918
Active 1983
Active 1912
Active 1939
Active 1909
Active 1945
Active 1910
Active 1941
Active 1901
Active 1942
Active 1912
Active 1967
Active 1915
Active 1960
Active 1909
Active 1956
Active 1911
Active 1953
Active 1912
Active 1981
Active 1940
Active 1980
Active 1898
Active 1968
Active 1908
Active 1965
Active 1941
Active 1973
Active 1910
Active 1978
Polish, Slovak, Norwegian, Hebrew, Italian, French, Yiddish, Hungarian, German, English, Japanese, Armenian, Danish, Czech, Dutch; Flemish, Swedish, Portuguese, Spanish; Castilian, Multiple languages, Russian, Chinese

History notes:

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration originated as part of the Dept. of Agriculture. In 1940, it was transferred to the Federal Security Agency, where it remained until 1953, when it became part of the newly created Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. When the educational functions of this Department were separated to form the Dept. of Education in 1976, the remaining agencies, including the FDA, became the Dept. of Health and Human Services.

From the description of Records. Food and Drug Administration, 1908-1983. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 21769729

Norman Baker was an entrepreneur and jack-of-all-trades who included a bogus cancer cure (originally consisting of hypodermic injections) among his other enterprises.

Baker's first excursion into medical chicanery appears to have taken place around 1927, in connection with the Tangley Institute, a varicose-vein racket operated by one Charles Barewald. He began purveying his cancer cure in Muscatine, Iowa around December, 1929, advertising it generously over his radio station KTNT ("Know the Naked Truth"), in operation since about 1924. In 1930 he entered a brief and ultimately unhappy alliance with fellow cancer quack Harry Hoxsey--after which time, his regimen also included an escharotic treatment for external cancers bearing a remarkable resemblance to Hoxsey's method. KTNT was ordered off the air in 1931.

Also in 1931, Baker filed a $500,000 libel suit against the A.M.A. which was decided in the latter's favor by a federal court jury in the spring of 1932. Late in 1933, Baker's new radio station, XENT, began broadcasting from Nuevo Laredo, just over the Mexican border, where Baker also established a second cancer "hospital" while retaining some ties with his original Muscatine institution. He was convicted of practicing medicine without an Iowa license in 1936; moved his operation to Eureka Spring, Arkansas, around 1939; and was effectively put out of business by a federal conviction and four-year prison sentence for mail fraud in 1940. He died of liver cancer in 1958.

From the description of Records. Baker, Norman, 1918-1979 (bulk 1930-1942). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20865459

Osteopathy is an alternative school of medical practice founded by A.T. Still around 1874 and opposed by the AMA until the 1960's. Originally osteopathy focused heavily on spinal manipulations, and its resulting similarity to chiropractic contributed to the controversy surrounding it.

From the description of Records. Osteopathy, 1905-1975. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23097409

Royal Lee, promoter of Catalyn, advocated consumption of raw foods and opposed the pasteurization of milk and processing of foods. His major project, Catalyn, was a vitamin pill which contained only minute amounts of the vitamins and minerals it was supposed to supply; he also pushed other quackish vitamins and health foods, and was involved in various public health disputes, including the movement against water fluoridation. He operated the Lee Foundation for Nutritional Research, the Vitamin Products Company, and Standard Process Laboratories. Others used his publications to promote their own quackish products, such as Nutrilite.

From the description of Records. Catalyn-Cat-Er-No Soules (inclusive), 1913-1974. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20982229

Harvey Washington Wiley (1844-1930) was a prominent crusader for pure food and drugs during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Wiley served for 29 years as chief of the U.S. Agriculture Department's Bureau of Chemistry (a forerunner of the Food and Drug Administration). In 1911 he resigned under adverse political circumstances and became a contributing editor of GOOD HOUSEKEEPING magazine.

From the description of Records. Wigmore, Ann-Wilkens, J.K. (inclusive), 1911-1973. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23913509

Ka-tar-no was a successor to Peruna, an immensely popular and highly alcoholic "patent medicine." The makers of Peruna, in response to the Food and Drug Act of 1906, changed its formula so it would actually include a medicinal (in this case, laxative) ingredient. The middling success of the new formula prompted the introduction of Ka-tar-no, which was (or claimed to be) simply "original formula" Peruna.

From the description of Records. Karnak-Katz, Clement L. (inclusive), 1910-1937. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22612045

Established in 1913 as the Propaganda Dept.; name changed to Bureau of Investigation in 1925, and to Dept. of Investigation in 1958; disbanded 1975.

Founded to gather and disseminate information concerning health fraud and quackery. The Department's work began shortly after its first director, Arthur J. Cramp, M.D., joined the AMA staff in 1906, although it was not formally organized until 1913. Directors included Dr. Cramp (through 1935), Frank J. Clancy, M.D. (1936-1937), Paul C. Barton, M.D. (1938-1942), Bliss O. Halling (1942-1947), Oliver Field (1948-1964), and H. Doyl Taylor (1965-1975). Mr. Halling was Assistant Director from 1914 to 1942; Mr. Field held the title of Director of Research from 1965 through 1973. Following the abolition of the Department in 1975, these files were transferred to the AMA Division of Library and Information Management, which continued to add small amounts of material through 1983.

From the description of Records, 1843-1990 (bulk 1906-1975). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 19248517

William F. Koch and his disciples were adherents of the use of "Glyoxylide," an intramuscularly injected preparation promoted as a cure for cancer and other diseases.

Koch was born in 1885 and received the Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Michigan and the M.D. from Wayne University (now Wayne State University). In 1919, a year after his graduation from medical school, he announced that he had discovered a "real specific" for cancer, which he began marketing under the name "Glyoxylide." Following legal action by the Food and Drug Administration, Koch left the U.S. for Brazil in 1948, and the promotion, production and distribution of Glyoxylide were taken over by Christian fundamentalist organizations. During this period, the therapeutic claims for Glyoxylide were broadened to include skin diseases, arthritis, and other disorders in addition to cancer; other similar substances including "Benzoquinone," "Malonide," and "KC-49" were also introduced. Koch died in 1967.

From the description of Records. Koch, William F., 1919-1973. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22611611

The National Research Council's Committee on Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy was founded in December, 1950 to investigate and evaluate proposed cancer therapies. Its sponsoring organizations included the American Association for Cancer Research, American Cancer Society, American Medical Association, Damon Runyon Memorial Fund, Food and Drug Administration, and National Cancer Institute. The Committee was dissolved 1957 and its functions taken over by the American Cancer Society's Committee on New or Unproved Methods of Treatment.

An historical article about the Committee is found in the September-October, 1957 issue of the National Research Council NEWS REPORT, a copy of which is included with these files.

From the description of Records. National Research Council, 1952-1957. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23040216

The Central Health Committee of the State of Illinois, an anti-AMA nativist group, was a fusion of the Medical Liberty League of Chicago, the National Public School Protective League, and other groups. Individuals involved with it included Lora C. Little, George W. MacGregor, J.A. Bergen, Edwin S. Antisdale, M.R. Bibb, Arthur Hill Grimer, W.B. Allen, Walter E. Elfrink, John Maxwell, and Estel Beck.

From the description of Records. Center for Neuro-Stimulation-Central Health Committee of the State of Illinois (inclusive), 1919-1983. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20982244

Naturopathy is an alternative form of medicine using "psychological, mechanical and material health sciences to aid in purifying, cleansing and normalizing human tissues for the preservation or restoration of health, according to the fundamental principles of anatomy."

Naturopathic methods include or have included "phytotherapy, dietetics, psycho-therapy, suggesto-therapy, hydro-therapy, zone-therapy...electro-therapy, mechano-therapy...sanitation and heliotherapy." Naturopaths generally opposed aspects of allopathic medicine, including vaccination and fluoridation, and other practices such as the use of aluminum cooking utensils.

From the description of Records. Naturopathy, 1910-1982. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23042734

The earlier treatments covered by these files were caustic pastes (escharotics) applied to external cancers. Later the trend turned to injectable serum and diet therapies.

From the description of Records. Neoplasms, 1899-1983. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23040119

Henry J. Schireson (sometimes spelled Shireson) was a quack plastic and cosmetic surgeon.

Schireson spent the early part of his career in Chicago, moved to Philadelphia around 1934, was imprisoned on a federal fraud conviction in 1940, and died in 1949.

From the description of Records. Schireson, Henry J., 1909-1962 (bulk 1920-1949). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23665240

George S. Zuccala was an Italian-American medical technologist who developed "Polygen Z-49," an asthma treatment; "Anti-Cancergen Z-50," a cancer treatment; and the "Zuccala Lytic Test," an alleged diagnostic test for cancer.

Zuccala was described by an AMA official as "more of a naive enthusiast than an investigator with questionable philosophies." Unlike most of his ilk, he attempted resolutely to cooperate with organized medicine, and peppered the AMA with correspondence asking help and advice in researching and marketing his preparations. At the same time, he resisted overtures from anti-AMA groups such as the National Health Federation, who wished to espouse his cause alongside such out-and-out frauds as the Hoxsey cancer cure. In 1956 a report by the National Research Council branded both "Anti-Cancergen Z-50" and the "Lytic Test" as worthless, but Zuccala continued his "research" and promotional efforts until at least 1966.

From the description of Records. Zuccala, George S., 1947-1969. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23913856

Albert Abrams (1863-1924) and his many imitators and followers were proponents of "electronic medicine," a scheme in which they claimed to diagnose and treat diseases with electrical machinery.

From the description of Records. Abrams, Albert, 1895-1974. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20847435

Percival Lemon Clark's causes included opposition to vaccination, white bread, and pasteurized milk (with support from the dairy industry). He also sold a mail-order health course from his Chicago-based Health School, gave radio health lectures, and attempted to start a presidential campaign for Henry Ford. He sued the AMA for libel in 1929, but withdrew the action in 1933, before it came to trial.

From the description of Records. Clark, Percival Lemon, 1921-1955. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20982307

Robert E. Lincoln, of Medford, Massachusetts, promoted a treatment in which the patient inhaled a solution of bacteriophages (i.e., bacteria-destroying viruses), by means of a nasal atomizer. The treatment was alleged to be of value in cancer, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis, and Hodgkin's disease.

Among the Lincoln treatment's adherents were Gerald Winrod, fundamentalist publisher of THE DEFENDER magazine, which also crusaded for the treatments of Harry Hoxsey and William F. Koch; Jacob S. Schirmer, previously a user of the Koch treatment; and Otto G. Kuchynka, a Chicago physician. "Research" on the Lincoln treatment continued after his death in 1954, under the direction of A. Ernest Mills, but the therapeutic claims made for it became much more modest.

From the description of Records. Lincoln, Robert E., 1946-1968. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22696445

Harry M. Hoxsey (1901-1973) was probably the most visible and successful cancer-cure quack in twentieth-century America, operating in this country from 1924 to 1960.

Hoxsey's techniques included liquid tonics and pills for internal cancers, and an arsenic-based escharotic powder for external cancers. He spent most of his career, from 1936 on, in Dallas, Texas. After 1960, his clinic reappeared in Tijuana, Mexico, as the "Bio-Medical Center," still in operation as of 1990.

In 1948 Hoxsey filed a libel suit against AMA Journal editor Morris Fishbein. During the 1950's his cause was espoused by fundamentalist publisher Gerald Winrod and his DEFENDER magazine, and by Pennsylvania state senator John J. Haluska. In 1957 the Hoxsey treatment was the subject of an unprecedented public warning by the Food and Drug Administration, posted in post offices and other federal facilities throughout the country.

From the description of Records. Hoxsey, Harry M., 1909-1990 (bulk 1924-1972). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22608747

John R. Brinkley was known as the "goat-gland" doctor for his most famous scam, an operation in which portions of the testes of young goats were implanted into men of middling and later years as a cure for infertility, impotence, and allied complaints. Brinkley abandoned this procedure in the early 1930's in favor of the "four-way compound operation" for prostate trouble.

Brinkley went into business in Milford, Kansas in 1917; his first major notoriety came with a series of operations in Chicago in 1920. Keeping a step ahead of the Illinois authorities, he appeared briefly in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1921, hawking eye transplant operations, and then returned to Milford. His Milford radio station, KFKB ("Kansas First, Kansas Best") was ruled off the air by the FCC in June of 1930; it was replaced by XER, at Villa Acuna, just over the Mexican border, which in turn was closed down by the Mexican government in February of 1934.

Brinkley filed his first libel suit against AMA Journal editor Morris Fishbein in 1930 and dropped it in 1934; a second suit came to trial in 1939 and resulted in a verdict for the defendant. Meanwhile, Brinkley had hastily abandoned Milford for Del Rio, Texas (just across the border from Villa Acuna) in 1933, allegedly after two of his patients died of tetanus. He ran for governor of Kansas in 1930, 1932, and 1934 (nearly winning in 1932); moved to Little Rock in 1938 and back to Del Rio in 1940; was indicted for mail fraud in September of 1941, and died May 26, 1942. A successor institution, the Milford [Kansas] Sanitarium, was operated by Brinkley associates O.M. Owensby, C.H. Dragoo, and Ashton J. Wise until it was closed down by state health authorities in September, 1961.

From the description of Records. Brinkley, John R., 1909-1974 (bulk 1920-1942). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20865470

The Robinson Foundation appears to have sponsored the work of Dr. Max Gerson for several years ending around 1948. Dr. Gerson was then connected with the Madison Foundation for Biochemical Research until 1950.

From the description of Records. Robinson Foundation for Cancer Research, 1931-1964 (bulk 1944-1957). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23295821

The Western Medical Association was a mail-order epilepsy-cure concern headquartered in Chicago.

Founded around 1921, the concern changed its name to Western Medical Corporation in 1928. Its treatment was based on phenobarbital, a drug acknowledged to be of use in treating epilepsy, but safe to administer only under the direct supervision of a physician. The company also purveyed the same treatment as the "Vernon Treatment" under the corporate names "Vernon Laboratories" and (later) "Vernon Company." On occasion, customers who became dissatisfied with the treatment under one name would then be solicited to purchase the other.

A number of other dubious medical enterprises shared office quarters and directors with the Western Medical Association; among these were Cass Laboratories, a rheumatism-cure outfit, and Histeen Corporation, purveyors of a hay-fever treatment. The company's principal physician at the outset was William Weaver Lister; his successors included Harry L. James and William V. Kelly.

From the description of Records. Western Medical Association, 1921-1974. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23913596

The National Health Federation was founded in 1955 by Fred J. Hart, to promote "freedom of choice" in health and medical care. In the words of a 1963 FDA report, this "frequently [meant] freedom to promote medical nostrums and devices which violate[d] the law."

Hart, formerly President of the Electronic Medical Foundation (the successor organization to Albert Abrams' College of Electronic Medicine), founded the National Health Federation shortly after a Federal Court injunction prohibited him from making further shipments of several electronic devices in the Abrams mold. He was convicted of violating this injunction in 1962. The National Health Federation sponsored a series of "National Congresses on Health Monopoly" during the 1960's, held at the same times and in the same cities as the National Congresses on Medical Quackery jointly sponsored by the AMA and the Food and Drug Administration.

From the description of Records. National Health Federation, 1955-1983. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23040142

Frank J. Kellogg operated from an address in Battle Creek, Michigan, in an apparent effort to trade on the reputation of W.K. Kellogg, of the breakfast cereal company, and his brother John Harvey Kellogg, who operated a reputable sanitarium in Battle Creek. Frank Kellogg in fact had no connection with these other Kellogg enterprises.

From the description of Records. Kellogg, Frank J., 1903-1941. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22612077

Krebiozen, a cancer drug developed by Yugoslav physician Stevan Durovic, was espoused by A.C. Ivy, M.D., Vice President in charge of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.

Krebiozen was introduced to the public in a controversial Chicago news conference on March 26, 1951. An A.M.A. study published later that year concluded that it had no value, and this remained the A.M.A.'s official position on the drug. The continuing controversy led to an investigation by the Illinois General Assembly (1953-55) and to the resignation of U. of Illinois President George Stoddard. The drug's supporters included actress Gloria Swanson and Illinois Senator Paul Douglas.

From the description of Records. Krebiozen, 1931-1978 (bulk 1951-1974). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22611949

Chiropractic was originated in 1895 by D.D. Palmer of Davenport, Iowa, and furthered by his son B.J. Palmer and grandson D.D. Palmer.

From the description of Records. Chiropractic, 1908-1983. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20982115

"Laetrile" is the popular name of a preparation generally made from apricot kernels, alleged to be of value in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.

The active ingredient of laetrile is amygdalin; it has been variously designated as "Vitamin B-15" or "Vitamin B-17" and marketed under the trade names Pangametin, Nitriloside, Aprikern, and Bee-Seventeen. Laetrile therapy is based ultimately on the "unitary" or "trophoblastic" theory of cancer, first expounded by John Beard in 1902. Laetrile and an earlier preparation, chymotrypsin, were developed and promoted by Ernst T. Krebs and Ernst T. Krebs, Jr.; other prominent laetrile advocates have included Andrew R.L. McNaughton, head of a California foundation devoted to its promotion; Ernesto Contreras, M.D., who operated a Tijuana, Mexico, clinic administering laetrile treatment; and Glenn D. Kittler, author of a book promoting laetrile.

From the description of Records. Laetrile, 1937-1983 (bulk 1946-1983). (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22696437

During the 1950's the issue of fluoridation of public drinking water arose at the AMA House of Delegates. They assigned two committees of the Board of Trustees, the Council on Drugs and the Council on Foods and Nutrition, to study the problem. These councils conducted a year long study of municipal water supplies. The conclusion was that fluoridation is a safe and effective method of reducing dental caries, especially in children. The report was adopted by the House of Delegates and become the official position of the AMA.

From the description of Records. Fluoridation, 1950-1982. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 21769158

John Emil Hett (1870-1956) was a Canadian physician who promoted an injectable "serum" as a cure for cancer.

Hett was graduated from the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine in 1891 and entered practice in his native town of Kitchener, Ontario, where he first introduced his cancer "serum" around 1932. Shortly thereafter, he removed his practice to Windsor, where he remained for the rest of his career. A test of the serum by a bacteriologist (c. 1951) showed that its active ingredients were streptococcus fecalis and E. coli, making the substance "indistinguishable from bowel washings." Hett's license was revoked in 1951; in 1955, he was convicted and fined for continuing to practice in spite of the revocation. His cancer "therapy" continued to be administered by associates after his death, until about 1969 or 1970.

From the description of Records. Hett, John E., 1932-1970. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 22603737

Royal S. Copeland, a homeopathic physician, was head of the American Institution of Homeopathy, 1907-08; Health Commissioner for New York City, 1918-1923; and U.S. Senator from New York, 1923-1938. A frequent commentator on health matters in the press and on radio, he was often connected with Bernarr Macfadden, a proponent of various questionable health practices.

From the description of Records. Cooper Medicine Company-Copeland, Royal S. (inclusive), 1908-1974. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 20985298

C. Joseph Stetler of the AMA initiated a series of national congresses on medical quackery, the first of which was held in 1961. They were sponsored jointly with the Food and Drug Administration and were highly successful in terms of press coverage, attendance, quality of speakers, and spinoff conferences.

Four national congresses, held in 1961, 1963, 1966, and 1968, included exhibits called "Nutrition Nonsense" and "Mechanical Quackery." Sometimes "Quack Packs" were distributed. Twenty-five states held twenty-six spinoff state conferences on medical quackery between 1962 and 1966.

From the description of Records. National Congress on Medical Quackery, 1960-1969. (American Medical Association,James S. Todd Memorial Library). WorldCat record id: 23043131

Links to collections

Comparison

This is only a preview comparison of Constellations. It will only exist until this window is closed.

  • Added or updated
  • Deleted or outdated

Information

Permalink:
SNAC ID:

Subjects:

  • Aged
  • Religion
  • 4-Aminobenzoic Acid
  • Abnormalities
  • Abortifacient Agents
  • Abortifacient Agents
  • Abortion
  • Abortion, Criminal
  • Abortion, Criminal
  • Accreditation
  • Acetanilides
  • Acetanilides
  • Acetanilides
  • Acetates
  • Acne Vulgaris
  • Acne Vulgaris
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • Acupuncture
  • Acupuncture
  • Adoption
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Advertising
  • Advertising
  • Education
  • Aging
  • Air conditioning
  • Air Pollutants
  • Alcohol
  • Alcohol Drinking
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • Alcoholism
  • Alcoholism
  • Allied health personnel
  • Aloe
  • Alopecia
  • Alopecia
  • Aluminum
  • Aluminum
  • Ambulatory Care Facilities
  • Aminopyrine
  • Amphetamines
  • Amygdalin
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Anabolic Steroids
  • Analgesics
  • Anemia
  • Anemia
  • Anesthesia
  • Anesthesiology
  • Anesthetics
  • Animal Husbandry
  • Animal Population Groups
  • Laboratory animals
  • Animal welfare
  • Anorexia
  • Antacids
  • Anthelmintics
  • Anthrax
  • Anti
  • Antidotes
  • Antipyrine
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Anus
  • Aphrodisiacs
  • Appendicitis
  • Appendicitis
  • Appetite Depressants
  • Arsenic
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Arthritis
  • Arthritis
  • Artificial insemination
  • Artificial limbs
  • Asbestos
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Asparaginase
  • Asphyxia
  • Aspirin
  • Asthenopia
  • Asthenopia
  • Asthma
  • Asthma - therapy
  • Astrology
  • Ataxia
  • Atropa belladonna
  • Audioanalgesia
  • Audiometry
  • Back Pain
  • Back Pain
  • Bacterial Infections
  • Bacterial Infections
  • Bacteriophages
  • Balneology
  • Bandages
  • Basidiomycota
  • Baths
  • Beauty culture
  • Beer
  • Behavior therapy
  • Benzoates
  • Bicarbonates
  • Biofeedback (Psychology)
  • Bioflavonoids
  • Biography
  • Bladder
  • Bladder Diseases
  • Bladder Diseases
  • Blood
  • Blood Pressure Determination
  • Blood Transfusion
  • Body Height
  • Body Temperature
  • Body Weight
  • Body Weight
  • Bone and Bones
  • Bone Diseases
  • Bone Diseases
  • Bone marrow
  • Books
  • Books
  • Botulism
  • Boxing
  • Brain Diseases
  • Brain Diseases
  • Brain Injuries
  • Brain Injuries
  • Brain mapping
  • Bread
  • Breast
  • Breast Diseases
  • Breast Diseases
  • Breastfeeding
  • Breathing Exercises
  • Bronchitis
  • Bronchitis
  • Bulimia
  • Burns
  • Burns
  • Burns
  • Cacao
  • Caffeine
  • Caffeine
  • Callosities
  • Callosities
  • Cancer Care Facilities
  • Capsicum
  • Carbonated beverages
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell
  • Cardiography, Impedance
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Carotenoids
  • Carotenoids
  • Carotid Body
  • Cartilage, Articular
  • Castor oil
  • Cathartics
  • Cereals
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Cerebrovascular Disorders
  • Cestode Infections
  • Cestode Infections
  • Charities
  • Chewing gum
  • Child abuse
  • Child rearing
  • Chiropractic
  • Chlorine
  • Chlorine
  • Cholelithiasis
  • Cholelithiasis
  • Cholesterol
  • Chorea
  • Chorea
  • Christian Science
  • Christian Science
  • Chronic Disease
  • Chronic Disease
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Cinchophen
  • Clothing
  • Cocaine
  • Cod Liver Oil
  • Cod-liver oil
  • Coffee
  • Coitus
  • Colic
  • Colic
  • Colitis
  • Colitis
  • Colon
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Color Vision Defects
  • Color Vision Defects
  • Common Cold
  • Common Cold
  • Common Cold
  • Complementary Therapies
  • Computer systems
  • Constipation
  • Constipation
  • Consumer Advocacy
  • Consumer Organizations
  • Consumer Product Safety
  • Contact lenses
  • Contraception
  • Contraceptive Agents
  • Contraceptive Devices
  • Cooking and Eating Utensils
  • Cooking and Eating Utensils
  • Copper
  • Copper
  • Cosmetics
  • Cosmic Radiation
  • Cotton
  • Cough
  • Cough
  • Cough
  • Crotalid Venoms
  • Croup
  • Croup
  • Enema
  • Enema
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Cytology
  • Deafness
  • Deafness
  • Demography
  • Dental schools
  • Dentifrices
  • Deodorants
  • Depression
  • Depression
  • Dermatology
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diagnostic Services
  • Diagnostic Tests, Routine
  • Dialysis
  • Diarrhea
  • Diarrhea
  • Diathermy
  • Diet
  • Dietetics
  • Diet Fads
  • Diet Fads
  • Diet therapy
  • Diet, Vegetarian
  • Dimethyl Sulfoxide
  • Dioxins
  • Diphtheria
  • Diphtheria
  • Dipyrone
  • Dipyrone
  • Directories
  • Directories
  • Disability Evaluation
  • Eye Diseases
  • Eye Diseases
  • Disinfectants
  • Down syndrome
  • Down syndrome
  • Drinking
  • Drug and Narcotic Control
  • Drug Industry
  • Drug Labeling
  • Drug Prescriptions
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal
  • Drugs, Nonprescription
  • Drugs, Non
  • Drug Therapy
  • Drug Therapy
  • Duodenal Ulcer
  • Duodenal Ulcer
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Dyspepsia
  • Earache
  • Earache
  • Eating disorders
  • Eclecticism
  • Eczema
  • Eczema
  • Edema
  • Edema
  • Health education
  • Medical education
  • Medical education
  • Education, Medical, Continuing
  • Education, Nursing
  • Special education
  • Electric stimulation
  • Electric Stimulation Therapy
  • Electroconvulsive therapy
  • Electrodiagnosis
  • Electrolysis
  • Electronics, Medical
  • Emphysema
  • Emphysema
  • Encyclopedias
  • Endocrinology
  • Endopeptidases
  • Endopeptidases
  • Enuresis
  • Enuresis
  • Environmental health
  • Enzymes
  • Ephedrine
  • Epilepsy
  • Epilepsy
  • Epinephrine
  • Equipment and Supplies
  • Equipment and Supplies, Hospital
  • Ergot Alkaloids
  • Estrogen Replacement Therapy
  • Ethanol
  • Ethanol
  • Medical ethics
  • Ethics, Professional
  • Eugenics
  • Euthanasia
  • Exercise
  • Exhibits
  • Eye
  • Eye
  • Eyeglasses
  • Eyelashes
  • Face
  • Family Health
  • Family Planning Services
  • Fees and Charges
  • Fee Schedules
  • Medical fees
  • Fertility
  • Fever
  • Fever
  • Financial management
  • Fingersucking
  • Fingersucking
  • First Aid
  • Fish Products
  • Flavoring Agents
  • Flour
  • Fluoridation
  • Fluorides
  • Flushing
  • Folklore
  • Food
  • Food
  • Food additives
  • Food Coloring Agents
  • Food, Fortified
  • Food habits
  • Food Labeling
  • Food Preservation
  • Food Preservatives
  • Foot
  • Foot Deformities
  • Foot Deformities
  • Foot Dermatoses
  • Foot Dermatoses
  • Foot Diseases
  • Foot Diseases
  • Foreign Medical Graduates
  • Forensic Medicine
  • Formularies
  • Foundations
  • Foundations
  • Fraud
  • Fruit
  • Fruit
  • Fumigation
  • Fund raising
  • Fungi
  • Furaldehyde
  • Furunculosis
  • Furunculosis
  • Garlic
  • Garlic
  • Gastrointestinal Agents
  • Gelatin
  • Genetic Counseling
  • Genetic engineering
  • Genetics
  • Genital Diseases, Female
  • Genital Diseases, Female
  • Geriatrics
  • Gingival Diseases
  • Gingival Diseases
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Glucose
  • Gluten
  • Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit
  • Goiter
  • Goiter
  • Gonorrhea
  • Gonorrhea
  • Gout
  • Gout
  • Government
  • Government Agencies
  • Gymnastics
  • Hair
  • Hair dyes
  • Hair preparations
  • Hair removal
  • Hallucinogens
  • Hallux Valgus
  • Hallux Valgus
  • Hay Fever
  • Hay Fever
  • Headache
  • Headache
  • Headache
  • Health Fairs
  • Health insurance
  • Health maintenance organizations
  • Health Occupations
  • Health occupations schools
  • Health promotion
  • Health resorts
  • Health Resources
  • Hearing aids
  • Hearing disorders
  • Hearing disorders
  • Heart
  • Heart Diseases
  • Heart Diseases
  • Heart Function Tests
  • Heat
  • Heat
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Hepatitis
  • Hepatitis
  • Herbicides
  • Herbs
  • Herbs
  • Herbs
  • Hernia
  • Hernia
  • Heroin Dependence
  • Hexachlorophene
  • History of Dentistry
  • History of Nursing
  • History publishing
  • Hodgkin Disease
  • Hodgkin Disease
  • Holistic Health
  • Homeopathy
  • Homes for the Aged
  • Homosexuality
  • Honey
  • Hookworm Infections
  • Hookworm Infections
  • Hormones
  • Hospices
  • Hospitals
  • Hospitals, Proprietary
  • Psychiatric hospitals
  • Hospitals, Special
  • House Calls
  • Hydrotherapy
  • Mental health
  • Hyperbaric Oxygenation
  • Hyperphagia
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hypertension
  • Hypertension
  • Hypnosis
  • Hypnosis
  • Hypnosis, Anesthetic
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Illegitimacy
  • Impotence
  • Impotence
  • Income tax
  • Indians, North American
  • Infant Care
  • Infant Food
  • Infertility, Female
  • Infertility, Female
  • Influenza
  • Influenza
  • Infrared Rays
  • Infrared Rays
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Insecticides
  • Surgical Instruments
  • Insurance
  • Insurance Carriers
  • Liability insurance
  • Life insurance
  • Interferons
  • Investments
  • Iodine
  • Iris
  • Iron
  • Iron
  • Irrigation
  • Jaundice
  • Jaundice
  • Jurisprudence
  • Keratotomy, Radial
  • Kidney Diseases
  • Kidney Diseases
  • Laboratories
  • Labor, Obstetric
  • Labor unions
  • Lasers
  • Laundering
  • Lead
  • Lead poisoning
  • Leg
  • Leg Dermatoses
  • Leg Dermatoses
  • Legislation
  • Legislation, Drug
  • Legislation, Food
  • Legislation, Medical
  • Leg Ulcer
  • Leg Ulcer
  • Leprosy
  • Leprosy
  • Leukemia
  • Leukemia
  • Leukemia
  • Leukorrhea
  • Leukorrhea
  • Levodopa
  • Libido
  • Licensure, Medical
  • Lie Detection
  • Life
  • Liniments
  • Liver Diseases
  • Liver Diseases
  • Liver Diseases
  • Liver Extracts
  • Lobbying
  • Locomotion
  • Longevity
  • Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
  • Magnetics
  • Magnetics
  • Malaria
  • Malaria
  • Malpractice
  • Manganese
  • Manpower
  • Margarine
  • Marijuana Abuse
  • Massage
  • Massage
  • Massage
  • Maternal health services
  • Meat Products
  • Medicago sativa
  • Medicago sativa
  • Medical assistance
  • Medical Receptionists
  • Medical records
  • Schools, Medical
  • Medical Secretaries
  • Societies, Medical
  • Societies, Medical
  • Medical Staff
  • Medical students
  • Medical technology
  • Medicare
  • Medication Errors
  • Medicinal plants
  • Medicine, Chinese Traditional
  • Medicine, Oriental Traditional
  • Medicine, Preventive
  • Medicine, Preventive
  • Traditional medicine
  • Veterinary medicine
  • Melanosis
  • Memory Disorders
  • Memory Disorders
  • Memory, Short
  • Menopause
  • Menstruation
  • Menstruation Disturbances
  • Menstruation Disturbances
  • Mental Disorders
  • Mental Disorders
  • Mental Disorders
  • Mental healing
  • Mental health services
  • Mental retardation
  • Mental retardation
  • Mercury Poisoning
  • Methadone
  • Microwaves
  • Midwifery
  • Migraine
  • Migraine
  • Milk
  • Mineral Oil
  • Minerals
  • Mineral waters
  • Mineral waters
  • Mineral waters
  • Minority Groups
  • Mite Infestations
  • Mite Infestations
  • Molasses
  • Morphine
  • Morphine Dependence
  • Morphine Dependence
  • Motion Sickness
  • Motion Sickness
  • Mouthwashes
  • Moxibustion
  • Mud Therapy
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Munchausen Syndrome
  • Muscles
  • Muscular Dystrophies
  • Muscular Dystrophies
  • Museums
  • Music therapy
  • Myopia
  • Myopia
  • Nails
  • Nails, Ingrown
  • Nails, Ingrown
  • Narcotics
  • Narcotics
  • National Health Insurance, United States
  • Naturopathy
  • Naturopathy
  • Nebulizers and Vaporizers
  • Nebulizers and Vaporizers
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Nephritis
  • Nephritis
  • Nervous system
  • Nervous System Diseases
  • Nervous System Diseases
  • Neuralgia
  • Neuralgia
  • Neuritis
  • Neuritis
  • Neurons
  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurotic Disorders
  • Neurotic Disorders
  • Nevus
  • Nevus
  • Newspapers
  • Nicotine
  • Noise
  • Nose
  • Nose Diseases
  • Nose Diseases
  • Nostrums
  • Nursing homes
  • Nursing services
  • Nutrition
  • Obesity
  • Obesity
  • Obesity
  • Obstetrics
  • Occultism
  • Occupational health services
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Oils
  • Ointments
  • omega
  • Ophthalmology
  • Opioid
  • Opioid
  • Opioid
  • Opium
  • Optometry
  • Optometry
  • Oral Hygiene
  • Organization
  • Organizations
  • Orgasm
  • Orthomolecular Therapy
  • Orthopedic Equipment
  • Orthopedics
  • Osteopathic medicine
  • Osteopathic medicine
  • Oxygen
  • Oxygen
  • Oxyuriasis
  • Oxyuriasis
  • Ozone
  • Ozone
  • Pain
  • Pain
  • Pamphlets
  • Panax
  • Pangamic Acid
  • Paralysis
  • Paralysis
  • Paralysis
  • Paranasal Sinus Diseases
  • Paranasal Sinus Diseases
  • Paranasal Sinuses
  • Parkinson Disease
  • Patents
  • Patient advocacy
  • Patients
  • Pediatrics
  • Pellagra
  • Pellagra
  • Penis
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Periodicals
  • Periodicals
  • Periodicity
  • Periodontal Diseases
  • Periodontal Diseases
  • Personality assessment
  • Personnel management
  • Pessaries
  • Pest Control
  • Petrolatum
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Pharmacopoeias
  • Pharmacy
  • Pharyngitis
  • Pharyngitis
  • Phenacetin
  • Phenobarbital
  • Phenobarbital
  • Phenolphthaleins
  • Phenolphthaleins
  • Phenytoin
  • Phenytoin
  • Phosphates
  • Phosphatidylcholines
  • Photography
  • Phrenology
  • Physical education and training
  • Physical Examination
  • Physical fitness
  • Physical therapy
  • Physical therapy
  • Physician
  • Physician Impairment
  • Physicians
  • Placebos
  • Surgery, Plastic
  • Pleurisy
  • Pleurisy
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneumonia
  • Podiatry
  • Poisoning
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Population
  • Postal service History
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Tests
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Procaine
  • Procaine
  • Professional
  • Prostate
  • Prostate
  • Prostatic Diseases
  • Prostatic Diseases
  • Proteins
  • Psoriasis
  • Psoriasis
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Psychology
  • Psychosurgery
  • Psychotherapy
  • Publication
  • Publications
  • Public health
  • Public health administration
  • Quackery
  • Quinine
  • Rabies
  • Rabies
  • Radiation
  • Radiesthesia
  • Radio
  • Radioactivity
  • Radioactivity
  • Radiography
  • Radiotherapy
  • Radio waves
  • Radium
  • Radium
  • Radium
  • Radon
  • Railroads
  • Reading disability
  • Rectal Diseases
  • Rectal Diseases
  • Rectal Fistula
  • Rectal Fistula
  • Referral and Consultation
  • Refrigeration
  • Rehabilitation
  • Rehabilitation centers
  • Rejuvenation
  • Rejuvenation
  • Religion and Medicine
  • Reproductive History
  • Research
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases
  • Reye Syndrome
  • Rheumatic Diseases
  • Rheumatic Diseases
  • Rheumatic Diseases
  • Rhytidoplasty
  • Rickets
  • Rickets
  • Saccharin
  • Salts
  • Salts
  • Sanitation
  • Santonin
  • Santonin
  • Scarlet Fever
  • Scarlet Fever
  • Schizophrenia
  • Schizophrenia
  • Schools
  • Sciatica
  • Sciatica
  • Sclerotherapy
  • Seawater
  • Seawater
  • Seaweed
  • Seaweed
  • Sedatives, Nonbarbiturate
  • Selenium
  • Self Care
  • Self Concept
  • Self Medication
  • Sensitivity Training Groups
  • Shock, Septic
  • Shock, Septic
  • Seventh-day Adventists
  • Sex
  • Sex counseling
  • Sex counseling
  • Sex Determination
  • Sex Differentiation Disorders
  • Sex Differentiation Disorders
  • Sex Disorders
  • Sex Disorders
  • Sex Education
  • Sexual behavior
  • Sexual behavior
  • Sexually transmitted diseases
  • Sexually transmitted diseases
  • Sexual Partners
  • Shoes
  • Shoes
  • Short
  • Shyness
  • Silicones
  • Sinusitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Skin Diseases
  • Skin Diseases
  • Skin Diseases
  • Skin Diseases
  • Skin Tests
  • Sleep
  • Sleep
  • Sleep Disorders
  • Sleep Disorders
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
  • Smallpox
  • Smallpox
  • Smoking
  • Snake Bites
  • Snake Bites
  • Snake Venoms
  • Snake Venoms
  • Sneezing
  • Snoring
  • Soap
  • Soaps
  • Social Control, Formal
  • Social security
  • Social welfare
  • Societies
  • Societies, Dental
  • Sociology, Medical
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Specialty Boards
  • Spinal Cord Diseases
  • Spinal Cord Diseases
  • Spinal Diseases
  • Spinal Diseases
  • Spinal Injuries
  • Spinal Injuries
  • Spiritualism
  • Sports medicine
  • Steam Bath
  • Steam Bath
  • Sterilization, Reproductive
  • Stomach Diseases
  • Stomach Diseases
  • Stomach Ulcer
  • Stomach Ulcer
  • Streptococcal Infections
  • Streptococcal Infections
  • Stress
  • Stress
  • Stuttering
  • Stuttering
  • Substance abuse
  • Substance abuse
  • Substance
  • Substance
  • Suicide
  • Sulfanilamides
  • Sulfanilamides
  • Sulfur
  • Sunburn
  • Sunburn
  • Sunscreening Agents
  • Superstitions
  • Surgery
  • Syphilis
  • Syphilis
  • Tabes Dorsalis
  • Tabes Dorsalis
  • Tea
  • Television
  • Temperance
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
  • Tetanus
  • Tetanus
  • Thallium
  • Thermography
  • Thorium
  • Thorium
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Tinea
  • Tinea
  • Tinea Pedis
  • Tinea Pedis
  • Tobacco
  • Tobacco
  • Tobacco Use Disorder
  • Tobacco Use Disorder
  • Toes
  • Tonsil
  • Tonsillectomy
  • Tonsillitis
  • Tonsillitis
  • Toothache
  • Toothache
  • Toothpaste
  • Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
  • Transplantation
  • Transsexualism
  • Tropical medicine
  • Trusses
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Typhoid fever
  • Typhoid fever
  • Ultraviolet Rays
  • Ultraviolet Therapy
  • United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
  • United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
  • United States Federal Trade Commission
  • United States Food and Drug Administration
  • Uranium
  • Uranium
  • Uric Acid
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Urine
  • Urine
  • Urologic Diseases
  • Urologic Diseases
  • Urology
  • Urticaria
  • Urticaria
  • Uterine Diseases
  • Uterine Diseases
  • Vaccination
  • Vaccines
  • Vagina
  • Vaginal Creams, Foams and Jellies
  • Vaginal Diseases
  • Vaginal Diseases
  • Vanadium
  • Vanadium
  • Varicose Veins
  • Varicose Veins
  • Vascular Diseases
  • Vascular Diseases
  • Vascular Diseases
  • Vibration
  • Vibration
  • Viscum
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vision Tests
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B Deficiency
  • Vitamin B Deficiency
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamins
  • Vivisection
  • Vocational guidance
  • Warts
  • Warts
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid
  • Water
  • Water
  • Weight loss
  • Whooping cough
  • Whooping cough
  • Wine
  • Wine
  • Women
  • X-rays
  • Wound healing
  • Writing
  • X-Ray Therapy
  • Yeast, Dried
  • Yeast, Dried
  • Yoga
  • Yogurt
  • Yogurt
  • Abortifacient Agents
  • Abortion, Criminal
  • Acetanilides
  • Acetanilides
  • Acne Vulgaris
  • Acupuncture
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Advertising
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • Alcoholism
  • Alopecia
  • Aluminum
  • Anemia
  • Appendicitis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Arthritis
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Asthenopia
  • Back Pain
  • Bacterial Infections
  • Bladder Diseases
  • Body Weight
  • Bone Diseases
  • Books
  • Brain Diseases
  • Brain Injuries
  • Breast Diseases
  • Bronchitis
  • Burns
  • Burns
  • Caffeine
  • Callosities
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Carotenoids
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Cestode Infections
  • Chlorine
  • Cholelithiasis
  • Chorea
  • Christian Science
  • Chronic Disease
  • Colic
  • Colitis
  • Color Vision Defects
  • Common Cold
  • Common Cold
  • Constipation
  • Cooking and Eating Utensils
  • Copper
  • Cough
  • Cough
  • Croup
  • Enema
  • Deafness
  • Depression
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diarrhea
  • Diet Fads
  • Diphtheria
  • Dipyrone
  • Directories
  • Eye Diseases
  • Down syndrome
  • Drug Therapy
  • Duodenal Ulcer
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Earache
  • Eczema
  • Edema
  • Medical education
  • Emphysema
  • Endopeptidases
  • Enuresis
  • Epilepsy
  • Ethanol
  • Eye
  • Fever
  • Fingersucking
  • Food
  • Foot Deformities
  • Foot Dermatoses
  • Foot Diseases
  • Foundations
  • Fruit
  • Furunculosis
  • Garlic
  • Genital Diseases, Female
  • Gingival Diseases
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Goiter
  • Gonorrhea
  • Gout
  • Hallux Valgus
  • Hay Fever
  • Headache
  • Headache
  • Hearing disorders
  • Heart Diseases
  • Heat
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Hepatitis
  • Herbs
  • Herbs
  • Hernia
  • Hodgkin Disease
  • Hookworm Infections
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hypertension
  • Hypnosis
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Impotence
  • Infertility, Female
  • Influenza
  • Infrared Rays
  • Iron
  • Jaundice
  • Kidney Diseases
  • Leg Dermatoses
  • Leg Ulcer
  • Leprosy
  • Leukemia
  • Leukemia
  • Leukorrhea
  • Liver Diseases
  • Liver Diseases
  • Magnetics
  • Malaria
  • Massage
  • Massage
  • Medicago sativa
  • Societies, Medical
  • Medicine, Preventive
  • Memory Disorders
  • Menstruation Disturbances
  • Mental Disorders
  • Mental Disorders
  • Mental retardation
  • Migraine
  • Mineral waters
  • Mineral waters
  • Mite Infestations
  • Morphine Dependence
  • Motion Sickness
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Muscular Dystrophies
  • Myopia
  • Nails, Ingrown
  • Narcotics
  • Naturopathy
  • Nebulizers and Vaporizers
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Neoplasms
  • Nephritis
  • Nervous System Diseases
  • Neuralgia
  • Neuritis
  • Neurotic Disorders
  • Nevus
  • Nose Diseases
  • Obesity
  • Obesity
  • Opioid
  • Opioid
  • Optometry
  • Osteopathic medicine
  • Oxygen
  • Oxyuriasis
  • Ozone
  • Pain
  • Paralysis
  • Paralysis
  • Paranasal Sinus Diseases
  • Pellagra
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Periodicals
  • Periodontal Diseases
  • Pharyngitis
  • Phenobarbital
  • Phenolphthaleins
  • Phenytoin
  • Physical therapy
  • Pleurisy
  • Pneumonia
  • Pneumonia
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Premenstrual syndrome
  • Procaine
  • Prostate
  • Prostatic Diseases
  • Psoriasis
  • Rabies
  • Radioactivity
  • Radium
  • Radium
  • Rectal Diseases
  • Rectal Fistula
  • Rejuvenation
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases
  • Respiratory Tract Diseases
  • Rheumatic Diseases
  • Rheumatic Diseases
  • Rickets
  • Salts
  • Santonin
  • Scarlet Fever
  • Schizophrenia
  • Sciatica
  • Seawater
  • Seaweed
  • Shock, Septic
  • Sex counseling
  • Sex Differentiation Disorders
  • Sex Disorders
  • Sexual behavior
  • Sexually transmitted diseases
  • Shoes
  • Sinusitis
  • Skin Diseases
  • Skin Diseases
  • Skin Diseases
  • Sleep
  • Sleep Disorders
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
  • Smallpox
  • Snake Bites
  • Snake Venoms
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Spinal Cord Diseases
  • Spinal Diseases
  • Spinal Injuries
  • Steam Bath
  • Stomach Diseases
  • Stomach Ulcer
  • Streptococcal Infections
  • Stress
  • Stuttering
  • Substance abuse
  • Substance
  • Sulfanilamides
  • Sunburn
  • Syphilis
  • Tabes Dorsalis
  • Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
  • Tetanus
  • Thorium
  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Tinea
  • Tinea Pedis
  • Tobacco
  • Tobacco Use Disorder
  • Tonsillitis
  • Toothache
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Typhoid fever
  • United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
  • Uranium
  • Urinary Incontinence
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Urine
  • Urologic Diseases
  • Urticaria
  • Uterine Diseases
  • Vaginal Diseases
  • Vanadium
  • Varicose Veins
  • Vascular Diseases
  • Vascular Diseases
  • Vibration
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vision Disorders
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B Deficiency
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamins
  • Warts
  • Water
  • Whooping cough
  • Wine
  • Yeast, Dried
  • Yogurt

Occupations:

not available for this record

Places:

  • Indiana (as recorded)