[Letters] 1817-1823.
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Clermont-Tonnerre, Aimé-Marie-Gaspard, duc de, 1779-1865
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Historical note: from December 14, 1821, to August 4, 1824, Clermont-Tonnerre served the French Prime Minister, Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, as Minister of the Navy and the Colonies. He then was appointed Minister of War on August 4, 1824 and served until January 4, 1828. After the July 1830 revolution, Clermont-Tonnerre refused to swear allegiance to the new government of Louis-Philippe and retired into private life but returned briefly to the public in 1852, to advocate laying the railroad betwe...
France. Marine
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Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Henri-Hector d'Estaing was born in Ravel, France, on November 24, 1729, the son of Charles-François d'Estaing, the Marquis de Salliant, and Marie-Henriette Colbert de Maulevrier. He served as a military officer during the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. He spent most of the latter conflict in India, where he was promoted to lieutenant general in 1762, and was governor of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) from 1764-1766. D'Estaing was promoted to vice admiral i...