Papers, 1829-1956

Mitchell, Maria, 1818-1889

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Maria Mitchell, astronomer, was born on the island of Nantucket in 1818. Through her father, William Mitchell, she became interested in astronomy and assisted him in his observatory. In the late 1830s she was appointed librarian at the Nantucket Athenaeum, using its collection to educate herself while she worked with her father in the evenings. In 1847 she discovered a new comet, named for her, and was subsequently awarded a gold medal by the King of Denmark. A year later she became the first wo...

Ripley, Sarah Alden, 1793-1867

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Sarah Alden Bradford Ripley was born on July 31, 1793, in Boston, the daughter of Gamaliel Bradford III and Elizabeth Hickling Bradford. She was the oldest of nine children and, as her mother's health was poor, was largely responsible for her siblings' upbringing. Though the family lived in Boston, Sarah spent much time in Duxbury, where her grandfather Bradford lived and where she formed a lifelong friendship with Abba B. Allyn (later married to Convers Francis, brother of Lydia M...

Clarke, James Freeman, 1810-1888

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James Freeman Clarke (April 4, 1810 – June 8, 1888) was an American theologian and author. Born in Hanover, New Hampshire, on April 4, 1810, James Freeman Clarke was the son of Samuel Clarke and Rebecca Parker Hull, though he was raised by his grandfather James Freeman, minister at King's Chapel in Boston, Massachusetts. He attended the Boston Latin School, and later graduated from Harvard College in 1829, and Harvard Divinity School in 1833. Ordained into the Unitarian church he first became...

Fuller, Margaret, 1810-1850

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Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli (May 23, 1810 – July 19, 1850) was an American journalist, editor, critic, translator, and women's rights advocate associated with the American transcendentalism movement. She was the first American female war correspondent, writing for Horace Greeley's New-York Tribune, and full-time book reviewer in journalism. Her book Woman in the Nineteenth Century is considered the first major feminist work in the United States. Born Sarah Margaret Fuller in Cambridge, Massa...

Dall, Caroline Healey, 1822-1912

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Caroline Wells Healey Dall (June 22, 1822 – December 17, 1912) was an American feminist writer, transcendentalist, and reformer. She was affiliated with the National Women's Rights Convention, the New England Women's Club, and the American Social Science Association. Her associates included Elizabeth Peabody and Margaret Fuller, as well as members of the Transcendentalist movement in Boston. Caroline Healey was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Mark Healey, a merchant and ...

Cheney, Ednah Dow Littlehale, 1824-1904

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Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney (June 27, 1824 – November 19, 1904) was an American writer, reformer, and philanthropist. She was born on Beacon Hill, Boston, June 27, 1824; and was educated in private schools in Boston. Cheney served as secretary of the School of Design for Women in Boston from 1851 till 1854. She married portrait artist Seth Wells Cheney on May 19, 1853. His ill-health limited his volume of work and after a winter trip abroad (1854-1855) he died in 1856. They had one child, Mar...

Garrison, William Lloyd, 1805-1879

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Anti-slavery advocate. From the description of Circular and letter, 1848 Jan. 21, Boston, to Rev. Mr. Russell, South Hingham. (Boston Athenaeum). WorldCat record id: 231311718 Abolitionist and reformer William Lloyd Garrison was founder of the Boston abolitionist paper, The Liberator, and the New England Anti-Slavery Society. From the description of Papers, 1835-1873 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007257 Abolitionist and lectur...

Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909

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Edward Everett Hale (1822-1909) was an American author and Unitarian minister. Hale was involved in many social reform movements, including abolition and popular education. He is best known for his 1863 short story, "The Man Without a Country," which promoted patriotic support of the Union. From the guide to the Edward Everett Hale Letters, 1884-1897, (Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries) ...

Child, Lydia Maria, 1802-1880

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Lydia Maria Child was born Lydia Maria Francis in Medford, Massachusetts on February 11, 1802. She was born into an abolitionist family and was greatly influenced by her brother, Convers, who would later become a Unitarian Clergyman. After the death of her mother in 1814, Child moved to Maine to live with her sister and began teaching in Gardiner in 1819. While living in Maine, Child became increasingly interested in Native Americans and visited many nearby settlements. Child began actively writ...

Howe, Julia Ward, 1819-1910

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Julia Ward Howe, née Julia Ward, (born May 27, 1819, New York, New York, U.S.—died October 17, 1910, Newport, Rhode Island), American author and lecturer best known for her “Battle Hymn of the Republic.” Julia Ward came of a well-to-do family and was educated privately. In 1843 she married educator Samuel Gridley Howe and took up residence in Boston. Always of a literary bent, she published her first volume of poetry, Passion Flowers, in 1854; this and subsequent works—including a poetry collec...

Mott, Lucretia, 1793-1880

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Lucretia Mott (née Coffin) was born Jan. 3, 1793 in Nantucket, MA. She was a descendent of Peter Folger and Mary Morrell Folger and a cousin of Framer Benjamin Franklin. Mott became a teacher; her interest in women's rights began when she discovered that male teachers at the school were paid significantly more than female staff. A well known abolitionist, Mott considered slavery to be evil, a Quaker view. When she moved to Philadelphia, she became Quaker minister. Along with white and black wo...

Hedge, Frederic Henry, 1805-1890

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Frederic Henry Hedge was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1805, the son of Levi Hedge, a professor of logic at Harvard, and Mary Kneeland Hedge, the granddaughter of Edward Holyoke, president of Harvard (1737-1769). After spending 4 years studying in Germany he attemded Harvard University starting in 1822 and graduated in 1825. He studied theology in the Divinity School in Cambridge and was ordained in 1829. He served as pastor in West Cambridge, Massachusetts; Bangor, Maine; Providence, Rhod...

Zakrzewska, Marie E. (Marie Elizabeth), 1829-1902

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Carpenter, Mary, 1807-1877

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1827-1829 worked as a governess; 1835 founded the Working and Visiting Society in Bristol; 1846 opened first ragged school in Bristol; 1850s work on juvenile delinquency, including conference, parliamentary evidence, publications; 1860s work on female education in India; 1870 founded National Indian Association; also worked on prison reform and the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts Epithet: social reformer, philanthropist and educationalist British Libra...

May, Samuel J. (Samuel Joseph), 1797-1871

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Samuel May was a Unitarian clergyman of Syracuse, New York with connections to national organizations related to anti-Slavery, temperance, and suffrage, among others. From the description of Samuel J. May diary, 1867. (Cornell University Library). WorldCat record id: 64691611 Samuel May was a Unitarian Clergyman of Syracuse, New York with connections to national organizations related to Freedman's Relief, Temperance, and Suffrage, among others. From the descripti...

Tuckerman, Joseph, 1778-1840

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Clergyman. From the description of Joseph Tuckerman correspondence, 1836-1840. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70983139 Unitarian minister and social reformer. A.B., Harvard, 1798. Minister, North Chelsea (now Revere), Mass. (1801-1826). Minister-at-large, Boston (1826-1836). Tuckerman was one of the first to call the church's attention to the growing problem of urban poverty. From the description of Papers, 1803-1840 (inclusive). (Harvard University, Divinity Sch...

American social science association

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The American Social Science Association was founded in 1865 in Boston by intellectuals and reformers seeking to understand and improve a rapidly changing society. The association sponsored meetings, solicited papers, and collected information bearing on social welfare topics such as civil service reform, treatment of the insane, prison discipline, criminal law, sanitary conditions, and education and employment of the poor. Subsequent, more specialized organizations of professional social scienti...

Bacon, Delia Salter, 1811-1859

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Delia Salter Bacon (b. February 2, 1811, Tallmadge, Ohio-d. September 2, 1859, Hartford, Connecticut), American author and lecturer. She advanced the theory that Shakespeare's plays were the work of Francis Bacon in her book The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded (1857)....

Frietschie, Barbara Hauer, 1766-1862.

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Chapman, Maria Weston, 1806-1885

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Maria Weston Chapman was a New England anti-slavery activist, writer, and editor. From the description of Maria Weston Chapman letters, 1839 and 1884. (Pennsylvania State University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 49016462 Abolitionist Maria Weston Chapman was born in Weymouth, Mass., to Warren and Anne (Bates) Weston. In 1830 she married Henry Grafton Chapman, who encouraged her interest in abolition. She helped organize the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and was active...

Keshub Chunder Sen, 1838-1884

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