Archives 1948-1988.

Rustin, Bayard, 1912-1987

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6fp2049 (person)

Bayard Rustin (b. March 17, 1912, West Chester, Pennsylvania–d. August 24, 1987, Manhattan, New York) was an African-American Quaker who was concerned with nonviolence, socialism, civil rights, race relations, and international relations. He was connected with the Fellowship of Reconciliation, American Friends Service Committee, War Resisters League, Congress of Racial Equality, and Committee for Nonviolent Civil Disobedience against Military Segregation. He was imprisoned during World War II fo...

Farmer, James Leonard, Jr., 1920-1999

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6039jfq (person)

Civil rights leader, author, labor organizer, and teacher, James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born on January 12, 1920, in Marshall, Texas. He earned degrees from Wiley College (1938) and the Howard University School of Divinity (1940). Farmer went on to found the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) which played a key role in the Civil Rights movement, particularly in launching the Freedom Rides in the summer of 1961. These bus rides tested the federal interstate transportation accommodations at bus t...

Belafonte, Harry, 1927-2023

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6q63gmd (person)

Born to immigrant parents in Harlem on March 1, 1927, Harry Belafonte spent much of his youth in his mother's home country of Jamaica. Though difficult, life in Jamaica was full of rich cultural experiences that influenced Belafonte's art. At the beginning of World War II, Belafonte returned to Harlem with his mother and brother. He had trouble integrating into the new environment and later dropped out of high school to join the U.S. Navy. After Belafonte was honorably discharged, he went bac...

Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gc2x0w (person)

Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947. When the Dodgers signed Robinson, they heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. R...

Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 1904-1996

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64v7b65 (person)

Randolph, A. Philip, 1889-1979

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6jj4bwm (person)

Asa Philip Randolph (born April 15, 1889, Cresent City, Florida-died May 16, 1979, New York City), African-American labor leader and early civil rights spokesman. Influenced by the socialism of Eugene Debs, Randolph began publishing his magazine The Messenger in 1917. He opposed U.S. entry into the first World War. In 1925 he organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. His associations with Bayard Rustin and James Farmer influenced his dedication to nonviolence. Randolph was a founder of ...

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 1908-1972

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6b960dp (person)

Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (November 29, 1908 – April 4, 1972) was a Baptist pastor and an American politician, who represented the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 until 1971. He was the first African-American to be elected from New York to Congress. Re-elected for nearly three decades, Powell became a powerful national politician of the Democratic Party, and served as a national spokesman on civil rights and social issues. He also urg...

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6c649b1 (person)

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady throughout her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office (1933-1945). She was an American politician, diplomat, and activist who later served as a United Nations spokeswoman. A shy, awkward child, starved for recognition and love, Eleanor Roosevelt grew into a woman with great sensitivity to the underprivileged of all creeds, races, and nations. Her constant work to improve their lot made her one of the most loved–...

Ashe, Arthur Robert, Jr., 1943-1993

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6f29nzc (person)

Arthur Ashe, African-American tennis champion and human rights activist, was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1943 and first played tennis on local segregated park courts. Educated at UCLA, he played on and captained numerous Davis Cup teams, and competed in tournaments throughout the world winning the United States Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975. He served as an early director of the Association of Tennis Professionals, a players' union which attempted to reform t...

Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s46r5z (person)

Civil rights leader and journalist; d. 1981. From the description of Papers, 1915-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 31605113 Roy Wilkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri, grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota. Wilkins edited the KANSAS CITY CALL, a Black newspaper, from 1923 to 1931. Wilkins became Assistant Secretary of the NAACP in 1931 and became Executive Secretary in 1955. Under his leadership the NAACP grew to 350,000 members. ...

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6qs5m3z (person)

Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. January 15, 1929, Atlanta, Georgia –d. April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. In 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1965, he helped to organize the Selma to M...

Kwanda, Kenneth.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62b98q1 (person)

Hooper, Mary-Louise, 1907-1987

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6xs66rr (person)

Bunche, Ralph J. (Ralph Johnson), 1904-1971

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6251n9f (person)

Ralph Bunche was Secretary of United Nations. From the description of Letter (typewritten) to Abraham Stavsky, 1967, February 28. (Regent University). WorldCat record id: 49291995 Ralph Johnson Bunche b 1904; educated at University of California, Los Angeles (AB), Harvard University (AM, PhD); Chairman, Dept of Political Science, Howard University, Washington DC, 1928-1950; Director, Trusteeship Department, Unted Nations, 1946-1954; acting UN Mediator on Palestine, 1948-1949...

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 1902-1985

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6tz44fx (person)

U.S. representative to the United Nations. From the description of Correspondence 1957. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 50307057 United States Senator and ambassador. From the description of Henry Cabot Lodge letter to Harriet L. White [manuscript], 1960 August 8. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 466876849 Henry Cabot Lodge (1902-1985) was a journalist, U.S. Senator, and diplomat, and the grandson of statesman Henry Cabot Lodge,...

Padmore, George, 1902-1959

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6j968gr (person)

George Padmore was one of a number of talented West Indians who helped shape African events in the 20th century, and he played a crucial role in developing the Fifth, and most important, Pan African Congress, intended to address the issues facing Africa due to European colonization of much of the continent. Padmore was also instrumental in organizing black labor movements from the 1930s onwards. From the description of George Padmore collection, 1933-1945. (Princeton University Libra...

Segy, Ladislas

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6w66z18 (person)

Houser, George M.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w64q866h (person)

Civil Rights Activist. From the description of Reminiscences of George M. Houser : oral history, 2004. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 269260753 ...

Harriman, Averell 1891-1986.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6qz2nz5 (person)

Altman, Phyllis

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6t444xx (person)

Chiume, M.W. Kanyama, 1929-

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6zk5v2h (person)

Malawi politician; minister of external affairs, 1964. From the description of M. W. Kanyama Chiume interview, 1998. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 123419797 Biographical/Historical Note Malawi politician; minister of external affairs, 1964. From the guide to the M. W. Kanyama Chiume interview, 1998, (Hoover Institution Archives) ...

Tambo, Oliver, 1917-1993

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6mh8chw (person)

Oliver Reginald Tambo was born in Mbizana in eastern Pondoland in the Cape Province on 27 October 1917. He attended Ludeke Methodist School, and completed his primary education at Holy Cross Mission near Flagstaff. From there he transferred to St. Peter's Secondary School in Johannesburg. After completing his secondary education, Tambo went to the University College of Fort Hare in Alice [South Africa] and earned a Bachelor of Science degree in 1941. He remained at the U...

Nyerere, Julius K. (Julius Kambarage), 1922-1999

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6t4453k (person)

American committee on Africa

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nd0b4s (corporateBody)

The American Committee on Africa (ACOA) was formed in 1953 as the successor to Americans for South African Resistance, then a two-year-old group formed to support the campaign of nonviolent protests against apartheid led by the African National Congress. ACOA broadened the original scope to include anticolonial struggles throughout the continent. It worked on many fronts: monitoring racist stereotyping in the media; lobbying the State Department and United Nations to adopt anti-apartheid, anti-c...

Williams, G. Mennen, 1911-1988

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6474c7p (person)

Governor of Michigan (1949-1960), and Justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan (1970- ). From the description of Gerhard M. Williams papers, 1949-1960 (Detroit Public Library). WorldCat record id: 495705218 Michigan Democratic Governor, 1949-1960; Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, 1961-1966; U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines, 1967-1969; Michigan Supreme Court justice, 1970-1987. From the description of G. Mennen Williams papers, 1883-1988. (Unive...

Haynes, George Edmond, 1880-1960.

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6rs1g50 (person)

Harrington, Donald Szantho

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6m90nbv (person)

Clergyman, political activist. From the description of Reminiscences of Donald Szantho Harrington : oral history, 1977. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309734030 Donald Szantho Harrington (1914- ), clergyman, author and political activist, was the minister at various Unitarian churches in Chicago and New York City, notably the Community Church of New York. His activities included serving as president of the United World Federalists and as c...

Muste, A. J. (Abraham John), 1885-1967

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6sx6c4w (person)

Clergyman, pacifist. From the description of Reminiscences of Abraham John Muste : oral history, 1954. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309741542 From the description of Reminiscences of Abraham John Muste : oral history, 1965. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122681124 A.J. Muste (1885-1967). Muste's involvement as a labor organizer began in 1919. When he led strikes in the textile mills of Lawrenc...