Records, 1921-1975.

Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)

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The Fellowship of Reconciliation was established in December of 1914, during a meeting at Cambridge, England. Its members believed that Christians were forbidden to wage war, and that instead they should work positively to establish a new world order of peace and justice. The F.O.R. had its office in London. It produced and distributed literature, including its monthly magazine Reconciliation; worked with youth; fostered groups of members throughout the country; and supported the work of the Int...

Baldwin, Roger N. (Roger Nash), 1884-1981

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Roger Nash Baldwin (January 21, 1884 – August 26, 1981) was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). He served as executive director of the ACLU until 1950. Many of the ACLU's original landmark cases took place under his direction, including the Scopes Trial, the Sacco and Vanzetti murder trial, and its challenge to the ban on James Joyce's Ulysses. Baldwin was a well-known pacifist and author. Baldwin was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts, the son of Lucy Cushing (...

Rankin, Jeannette, 1880-1973

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Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate, and the first woman to hold federal office in the United States. She was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from Montana in 1916, and again in 1940. Rankin graduated from the University of Montana in 1902. She subsequently attended the New York School of Philanthropy (later the New York, then the Columbia, School of Social Work) before embarking on a care...

Biddle, Clement M. (Clement Miller), 1876-1959

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National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War (U.S.)

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The National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War was a cooperative enterprise of several American women's organizations--none of them pacifist but all of them interested in working for peace. Carrie Chapman Catt was one of the organizers. The Committee was supported financially by grants from the cooperating organizations, as well as by individual contributions. The emphasis was on education; the two outstanding activities were the annual conference, instituted in 1925 and continuing until th...

Fosdick, Raymond B. (Raymond Blaine), 1883-1972

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Raymond B. Fosdick was an attorney, undersecretary-general of the League of Nations (1919-1920); Trustee of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (1921-1936) and The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial (1921-1928); trustee (1923-1938) and president (1936-1938) of the International Education Board; trustee (1922-1948), president (1936-1948), and chairman (1932-1936) of The General Education Board; and trustee (1921-1948) and president (1936-1948) of the Rockefeller Foundation. ...

Thomas Norman Mattoon, 1884-1968

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Norman Mattoon Thomas (1884-1968), was a leading American socialist, pacifist, author, and six-time presidential candidate on the Socialist Party of America ticket, between 1928 and 1948. Born in Marion, Ohio, he was a graduate of Princeton University, attended Union Theological Seminary, where he became a socialist, and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1911. Thomas opposed the United States' entry into the First World War, a position that earned him the disapproval of many in his soci...

National Council for Prevention of War (U.S.)

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Created in September, 1921 in Washington, D.C. by representatives of 17 United States peace organizations to serve as a clearinghouse under the name of National Council for Limitation of Armaments; Frederick J. Libby was appointed Executive Secretary. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the organization changed its name in January, 1922 to the National Council for the Reduction of Armaments. In Fall of 1923, the name was changed again to National Council for Prevention of War. It was incorportate...

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 1872-1949

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Epithet: US journalist British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000429.0x000092 Villard, a journalist and author, was president of the New York Evening Post (1897-1918), editor and owner of The Nation (1918-1932), publisher and contributing editor of The Nation (1932-1935), a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and of Yachting Magazine, and owner of the Nautical Gazette. His father ...

Ormsbee, Carrie Wyckoff

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MacKnight, Jesse M. (Jesse Mackenzie), 1910-

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Muste, A. J. (Abraham John), 1885-1967

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Clergyman, pacifist. From the description of Reminiscences of Abraham John Muste : oral history, 1954. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309741542 From the description of Reminiscences of Abraham John Muste : oral history, 1965. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122681124 A.J. Muste (1885-1967). Muste's involvement as a labor organizer began in 1919. When he led strikes in the textile mills of Lawrenc...

Boeckel, Florence Brewer, 1885-

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Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. U.S. Section

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The United States Section of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was established in January 1920, replacing the Woman's Peace Party as the official arm of the WILPF in the United States; its aim was to "promote methods for the attainment of that peace between nations which is based on justice and good will and to cooperate with women from other countries who are working for the same ends." From the description of Records, 1920-1999. (Swarthmore College, Pea...

Friends Committee on National Legislation (U.S.)

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Lobbying organization affiliated with the Society of Friends. From the description of Friends Committee on National Legislation issuances, 1983-1985. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754872331 Biographical/Historical Note Lobbying organization affiliated with the Society of Friends. From the guide to the Friends Committee on National Legislation issuances, 1983-1985, (Hoover Institution Archives) ...

Libby, Frederick J. (Frederick Joseph), 1874-1970

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Clergyman and pacifist; died 1970. From the description of Frederick Joseph Libby papers, 1846-1973 (bulk 1890-1970). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70982364 Biographical Note 1874, Nov. 24 Born, Richmond, Maine 1894 Bachelor of arts, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine ...

Beverage, Albion P.,

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Winder, Mary Ida

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National Council Against Conscription (U.S.)

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National Peace Conference (U.S.)

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Harris, Paul, 1897-,

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Wilson, E. Raymond (Edward Raymond), 1896-1987

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E. Raymond Wilson (1896-1987), Quaker peace lobbyist, helped found the Friends Committee on National Legislation in 1943 and served as its Executive Secretary until 1962. He also helped organize the Committee on Militarism in Education in 1925. From 1931 to 1943, he served as Field and Education Secretary of the Peace Section of the American Friends Service Committee. He was the author of two books, Uphill for Peace and Quaker Impact on Congress. From the description of Papers concer...

Newton, Ray,

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Balch, Emily Greene, 1867-1961

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Pacifist and worker for social reform, Balch was involved in many humanitarian and civic organizations, including the Boston Women's Trade Union League and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. From the description of Papers, 1915-1947 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007140 Peace leader. President of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, U.S. Section (1928-1933). Received Nobel Peace Prize (1946). ...

Morgan, Laura Puffer, 1874-1962

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Laura Puffer Morgan was active in the field of international relations during the 1920's. She worked first with National Council for Prevention of War and later with the National Peace Conference and the Geneva (Switzerland) Research Centre. Traveling widely in Europe, Morgan participated in many conferences and peace efforts. As an observer and press correspondent she attended ten sessions of the Assembly of the League of Nations, sending back a series of Report Letters. In 1944 she edited the ...

Committee on Militarism in Education (U.S.)

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Founded in 1925 by John Nevin Sayre, Norman Thomas and E. Raymond Wilson to abolish compulsory military training in colleges and universities, and all military training in public high schools. Other executive members were Roswell P. Barnes, Tucker P. Smith, Edwin C. Johnson, and George A. Coe. Ceased operation in 1940. From the description of Records, 1925-1940. (Swarthmore College, Peace Collection). WorldCat record id: 19046123 ...

Emergency Peace Campaign (U.S.)

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Initiated in late 1935 by the American Friends Service Committee and other pacifists; originally planned as a two-year campaign to rally peace, religious, labor, African-American and student groups; aim was to organize a national campaign to promote peace principles in the face of preparation for war in Europe, and to keep the United States out of war; may have been preceded by the Emergency Peace Committee (1931-1933), though this has not been documented. The first EPC office opened in Feb. 1, ...

Schwimmer, Rosika, 1877-1948

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Schwimmer was a Jewish pacifist and writer, born in Hungary. Her application for American citizenship was denied by the Supreme Court in 1929 on the grounds of her pacifist views. Justice Holmes wrote the dissenting opinion. (United States v. Schwimmer; 49 S. Ct. 448) From the description of Correspondence between Rosika Schwimmer and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., 1930-1935. (Harvard Law School Library). WorldCat record id: 235152187 Public official. From the descr...

Gulick, Sidney Lewis, 1860-1945

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Catt, Carrie Chapman, 1859-1947

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Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, suffragist, early feminist, political activist, and Iowa State alumna (1880), was born on January 9, 1859 in Ripon, Wisconsin to Maria Clinton and Lucius Lane. At the close of the Civil War, the Lanes moved to a farm near Charles City, Iowa where they remained throughout their lives. Carrie entered Iowa State College in 1877 completing her work in three years. She graduated at the top of her class and while in Ames established military drills for women, became the first...

Mackenzie, Gladys K.G.

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Mead, Lucia True Ames, 1856-1936

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Pacifist and suffragist, Mead devoted much of her life to social reform. She served as president of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association (1903-1909) and supported many other organizations, including the Women's Municipal League, the Women's Educational and Industrial Union (Boston), the Consumers' League, the NAACP, and the American Civil Liberties Union. She was also vice president of the National Council for the Prevention of War, a director of the American Peace Society, and secretary...

Alley, Alden Gifford,

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Finucane, James F.

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Swarthmore College. Peace Collection.

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Sayre, John Nevin, 1884-1977

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Episcopalian minister, pacifist and internationalist; staff member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, American Section, 1924-1967, served as chair, 1935-1940; worked with the International Fellowship of Reconciliation and served as chair, 1935-1955; served as editor of The World Tomorrow (1922-1924) and Fellowship magazine 1940-1945); a founder of the American Civil Liberties Union and the Committee on Militarism in Education. From the description of Papers, 1885-1982 1922-1967 (bu...