Relationes, ca. 1640-1650.

Mercedarians

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Mercedarians is the popular name for the Order of Our Lady of Mercy, derived from the Spanish word merced (mercy). Members have been known also as the Knights of St. Eulalia and Nolascans. Pius XI bestowed the name by which the institute has since been known officially: Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary for the Ransom of Captives. St. Peter Nolasco founded the order in 1218 with the twofold purpose of tending the sick and rescuing Christians who had been taken prisoners by the Moors. The Mercedar...

Camaldolites

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Discalced Augustinians

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Ministers of the Sick

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Capuchins

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Parallel to the general "conventual community" was a small but significant part of the Franciscan community that resisted many of the implications of clericalization. This group held on to the more itinerant and rigorous lifestyle associated with the hermitages and the "observant" movement of renewal that arose around 1330 (observers of the rule of St. Francis). From this latter movement the Capuchins were formed. On May 29, 1517, Leo X issued his bull Ite et vos marking...

Augustinians

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Franciscans

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Fray Mariano Payeras held the position of Padre Presidente of the California missions from July, 1815-April 1820. From the description of California missions report, 1820 Feb. 22. (University of California, Berkeley). WorldCat record id: 758678979 Franciscan describes all those men and women of the Franciscan first, second, and third (regular and secular) orders. Members of the first order include Friars Minor, Friars Minor Conventual, and Friars Minor Capuchin. All three br...

Clerks Regular of Somaschi

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The Clerks Regular of Somaschi are an order of clerks regular in solemn vows who follow the rule of St. Augustine. They were founded in 1532 by St. Jerome Emiliani at Somasca in northern Italy to work among the poor and afflicted and to care for orphans. The founder, who remained a layman, died in Somasca in 1537. In the beginning the order was called the Society of Servants of the Poor and its membership included both clerics and laymen. In 1540 Paul III approved the society; in 1547 Paul IV un...

Dominicans

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In a broad sense Dominican refers to a family of friars (clerical and nonclerical), cloistered nuns, professed sisters in apostolic congregations, and laity, all of whom consider St. Dominic de Guzman as their founder and inspiration. In the narrower sense Dominicans refers to the Order of Friars Preachers founded by St. Dominic de Guzmǹ in 1216. Honorius III gave formal sanction to their work on December 22, 1216, and on January 17, 1217, approved their title and preaching mission. The Dominic...

Olivetans

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Giovanni Tolomei (St. Bernard Ptolomei) founded a branch of the Benedictine order at Monte Oliveto, near Siena, in 1319. This group received papal confirmation in 1344 but joined the Benedictine Federation in 1960 under their title of Order of Our Lady of Mount Olivet. From the description of Olivetani, 1531-1802. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 145567966 ...

Augustinian Canons

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Catholic Church. Congregatio super Statu Regularium.

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Crozier Fathers

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Vallombrosans

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Theatines

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This religious order was founded in Rome in 1524 by Gaetano da Thiene of Vicenza (St. Cajetan) and Gian Pietro Caraffa (later Pope Paul IV). Clement VII had allowed Gian Pietro to resign his bishopric of Chieti so that he and Gaetano could found a congregation of clerks regular dedicated to restoring the apostolic way of life. They were officially approved as Clerks Regular of Divine Providence. From Caraffa's former diocese of Chieti (Theate) they acquired the popular name of Teatini. The congr...

Cistercians

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On March 21, 1098, the Benedictine abbot Robert of Molesme led twenty-one of his monks to Citeaux, near Dijon, to establish a new monastery where they hoped to follow Benedict of Nursia's rule for monasteries in all its fullness. The monks of Molesme obtained a papal command for the return of Robert to their monastery. The new community of Citeaux continued until 1109 under the leadership of Alberic, who introduced the idea of lay brothers being accepted as full members of the monastic family. S...

Servites

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In 1233 seven wealthy Florentine city councillors left their native city to retire outside the gate of Balla in an area known as Cafaggio for a life of poverty and penance. There was at first no thought of founding an order but only a desire for a life in the spirit of the primitive church. These men are known collectively as the Seven Founders of the Servites and were canonized by Leo XIII in 1888. In 1240 the bishop of Florence approved the community under the name Servants of St. Mary, select...

Benedictines

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Benedictines carry on a tradition that stems from the origin of the Christian monastic movement in the third century. St. Benedict (ca. 480-ca. 550) was born at Nursia and educated at Rome. About the year 500, the condition of contemporary society led him to withdraw to a cave at nearby Subiaco where a community gradually grew up around him. In 525 he moved with a small band of monks to Monte Cassino where he remained until his death. It was here (ca. 540) that he drew up his plan f...

Minims (Religious order)

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The Minims are a mendicant order founded in 1435 by S. Francesco di Paola at Paola (Calabria). The first rule, confirmed by Alexander VI in 1493, was based on that of St. Francis of Assisi; the second, and more independent one, by the same pope in 1501. As the name indicates, they aimed to practice humility as their chief virtue, regarding themselves as the least (minimi) of all religious. Their apostolate is in parish work, preaching, and teaching. From the description of Minimi, 16...

Conventuals

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This branch of the Franciscan order favored the accumulation and common holding of property. Their members followed a mitigated rule in contrast with the friars of the older tradition (Observants) who rejected property altogether. The policy was approved by John XXII in 1322. Leo X's bull Ite et vos (May 29, 1517) marked the definite separation of the Conventuals and the Observants. All the reform communities were united in one order with the name Friars Minor of the Observance, while the others...

Discalced Carmelites

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Riformati

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The early history of the Recollects and the Riformati is not easy to unravel. The origin of both groups is closely connected with the houses of recollection that had been a feature of Franciscan life from the beginning. Francesco da Jesi (1469-1549) and Bernardino d'Asti (1484-1554) are usually claimed as the founders of the Reformed. In 1532 Clement VII allowed these two friars to organize some Italian houses of recollection under the jurisdiction of the Observant provincial. In 1570 Gregory XI...

Hieronymites

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The name Hieronymites is given to various congregations of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in Spain and Italy. The Spanish congregation of the Hermits of St. Jerome was organized by Pedro Fernandez Pecha (d. 1374), the royal chamberlain. On October 18, 1373 Gregory XI confirmed and approved the Hermits as a congregation. The Spanish Hermits were highly influential in the spiritual and cultural work of the church. During the following centuries they devoted themselves to the Divine Office,...

Barnabites

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The Barnabites are a religious order founded in Milan in 1530 by St. Antonio Maria Zaccaria. Formally known as the Clerks Regular of St. Paul, they were popularly called Barnabites from their church of St. Barnabas in Milan. They are committed to parish ministry, education of the young, preaching, and missions to the unbaptized. From the description of Barnabiti, 1743-1796. (University of Michigan). WorldCat record id: 145567928 ...

Sylvestrines

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Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God

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This Order of Charity for the Service of the Sick, or Brothers Hospitallers, was founded by St. John of God (1495-1550), a Portuguese soldier and shepherd. The order, whose members are for the most part laymen, developed out of St. John's work for the sick. In 1572 Pius V formally approved the order, which adopted the Augustinian rule. The spirit of the congregation is summed up in its motto, "Caritas." From the description of Benefratelli, 1731-1807. (University of Michigan). WorldC...

Discalced Mercedarians

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