Joseph Winlock letterbook, 1857-1875

Gray, Asa, 1810-1888

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Often called the “Father of American Botany,” Asa Gray was instrumental in establishing systematic botany as a field of study at Harvard University and, to some extent, in the United States. His relationships with European and North American botanists and collectors enabled him to serve as a central clearing house for the identification of plants from newly explored areas of North America. He also served as a link between American and European botanical sciences. Gray regularly reviewed new Euro...

Harvard College Observatory

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In 1839, the Harvard Corporation appointed William Cranch Bond the first Astronomical Observer to the University, thereby taking the first step in establishing the Harvard College Observatory, after which the first telescope was installed in 1847. Scholars and students had studied astronomy at Harvard since the seventeenth century, but it wasn’t until a large comet sparked public interest in 1843 that donors began donating funds to build an observatory. During the tenure of the Harvar...

Harvard University

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Harvard College was founded by a vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts on October 28, 1636 that allocated “400£ towards a schoale or colledge.” Subsequent legislative acts established the Board of Overseers, but it was the Charter of 1650 that created the Harvard Corporation as the College's primary governing board and defined its composition and authority. The College Charter became a contentious target for College officials, the Massachusetts Governor and General C...

Bache, A. D. (Alexander Dallas), 1806-1867

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Alexander Dallas Bache (1806-1867) was an important scientific reformer during the early nineteenth century. From his position as superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, and through leadership roles in the scientific institutions of the time, Bache helped bring American science into alignment with the professional nature of its European counterpart. In addition, Bache fostered the reform of public education in America. On July 19, 1806 Alexander Dalla...

Silsbee, Nathaniel, 1804-1881

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Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873

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American naval officer and oceanographer. From the description of Letter to Capt. Charles Wilkes [manuscript], 1848 March 15. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647808228 From the description of Letter to Andrew Hull Foote [manuscript], 1856 April 4. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647817495 Epithet: Astronomer British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000000135.0x000219 ...

Chauvenet, William, 1820-1870

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Winlock, Joseph, 1826-1875

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Joseph Winlock was an astronomer and mathematician. Winlock was the superintendent of the "American Ephemeries and Nautical Almanac" (1858-1859), head of the Department of Mathematics at the U.S. Naval Academy (1859), and Director of the Harvard College Observatory, as well as being a professor of astronomy at Harvard (1866-1875). From the description of Letterbook, 1857-1875. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 122523480 From the guide to the Josep...

Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, 1824-1896

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American astronomer. Graduated Harvard, 1844; University of Göttingen (Germany), 1848. He returned to the United States with the hope of establishing an era for astronomy. In 1849 he founded and became the first editor of the "Astronomical Journal." In 1855, he became director of the Dudley Observatory. A public controversy arose when he disagreed with the Scientific Council and Trustees of the Observatory as to management of the facility. He was terminated as director in 1859. From ...

Willcox, William H. (William Henry), 1821-1904

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Makepeace, William.

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United States Naval Academy

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Taffinder was born on March 18, 1884, graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1906, attained the rank of Vice Admiral, retired from the Navy in 1947, and died in 1965. From the description of Diploma, June 14, 1906. (Naval War College). WorldCat record id: 704931343 Founded in 1845, the United States Naval Academy trains students in a four-year Officer Development Program, preparing them for assignments as midshipmen after graduation. The courses focus on moral...

Ballard, John T.

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Jenkins, Thornton A. (Thornton Alexander), 1811-1893

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American naval officer. From the description of Order signed : Washington, 1866 Sept. 12. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270495574 ...

Hubbard, Joseph Stillman, 1823-1863

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Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont), 1834-1906

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Samuel Pierpont Langley (1834-1906) was the third Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as the director of the Allegheny Observatory and a professory of astronomy at the Western University of Pennsylvania (now known as the University of Pittsburgh). While at the Smithsonian he founded the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory....

Waller, William J.

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Welles, Gideon, 1802-1878

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A native of Glastonbury, Conn., Gideon Welles began his career as a lawyer but took up journalism as a profession, founding the Hartford Times, which he also edited, in 1826. Active in the Democratic Party in Connecticut, he served in the Connecticut state legislature and in several state offices. He later shifted his allegiance to the Republican Party due to his strong anti-slavery views and founded the Hartford Evening Press, a zealously Republican newspaper. President Abraham Lincoln appointe...

Henry, Joseph, 1797-1878

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Joseph Henry (1797-1878, APS 1835), a physicist, was the first secretary and director of the Smithsonian Institution, a post he retained for over three decades. Henry was a leading experimental scientist whose contributions include several discoveries in the field of electromagnetics. He has been credited with the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph, among other things. Henry was born in 1797 in Albany, New York, the son of William Henry, a teamster, and his wife An...

Cochran, Thomas C. (Thomas Childs), 1902-1999

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Thomas C. Cochran was one of the leading business historians of the last half of the 20th century. He is particularly known for an approach that stressed the social context of American business and the sociological and psychological characteristics of business leaders, as opposed to earlier approaches that focused on the firm or the individual entrepreneur. After his retirement from the University of Pennsylvania, he was in residence at the then Eleutherian Mills Historical Library as Senior Res...

Coffin, James H. (James Henry), 1806-1873

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James Henry Coffin (1806-1873) was a noted author, educator, mathematician, and meteorologist. He was internationally recognized for his work on the subjects of winds and atmospheric changes. His book, Winds of the Northern Hemisphere, is considered the pioneer work in the field of meteorology. He was professor of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy at Lafayette College from 1846-1873. He also served as Lafayette College Vice-President (1849-1853) and Treasurer (1863-1873), and was ins...

Davis, Charles Henry, 1807-1877

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American naval officer. From the description of Autograph telegram signed : "Bureau of Navigation," Washington, to A.D. Frye in New York, 1864 Jun. 6. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270535940 American Naval Officer. From the description of Telegram signed : "Bureau of Navigation", to George W. Blunt, 1863 Apr. 1. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270539134 Louis Agassiz (1807-1873, APS 1843) was a zoologist and geologist. A student of Georges C...

Hill, Thomas, 1818-1891

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Thomas Hill was President of Harvard College from 1862-1868. From the description of Letter to Rev. William Henry Furness, ca. 1862-1868. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 155883609 Thomas Hill (1818-1891) earned his Harvard AB 1843 and served as President of Harvard University from 1862-1868. From the description of Bond to Harvard College, August 30, 1839. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 77064762 Thomas Hill (1818-1891...

Bowditch, Henry I. (Henry Ingersoll), 1808-1892

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Henry Ingersoll Bowditch, the son of Nathaniel Bowditch and Mary Ingersoll Bowditch, was a physician, author and abolitionist from Salem, Massachusetts. From the description of Life in the woods for a fortnight : or a trip to Katahdin & Moosehead Lake in the summer of 1856. 1856. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 704274320 U.S. specialist in diseases of the chest. From the description of Henry Ingersoll Bowditch letter, 1882, Apr. 7, Boston, to Dr. S. McMurtry. ...