The "Young Turks" were an informal group of ten freshman legislators, both Democrats and Republicans, all under 50 years old, and all relatively progressive, who exerted significant influence during the Vermont 1961-62 legislative sessions. They included Franklin Billings, Jr. (R-Woodstock), Philip Hoff (D-Burlington), Richard Mallary (R-Fairlee), John Downs (R-St. Johnsbury), Ernest Gibson III (R-Brattleboro), Sanborn Partridge (R-Proctor), Byron Hathorn (R-Hartford), Anthony Farrell, Jr. (D-Norwich), Stanton Lazarus (D-Middlebury), and William Jay Smith (D-Pownal). Some also considered Daulton Mann, Jr. (R-Peru) and Senator James B. Oakes (R-Windham County) to be members of the group.
From the description of "Young Turks" reunion papers, 1964-2000. (Vermont Historical Society). WorldCat record id: 518399592
