Humphrey, George M. (George Magoffin), 1890-1970

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U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1953-57).

From the description of George Magoffin Humphrey papers, 1912-1970. (Rhinelander District Library). WorldCat record id: 19898823

From the description of George Magoffin Humphrey papers, 1912-1970 [microform]. (Rhinelander District Library). WorldCat record id: 46922005

Industrialist, cabinet member.

From the description of Reminiscences of George Magoffin Humphrey : oral history, 1969. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122343140

click here to view the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History entry for George Magoffin Humphrey

click here to view the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History entry for the M. A. Hanna Company

George Magoffin Humphrey (1890-1970) became the first person from Cleveland, Ohio, since Newton D. Baker to become a member of a United States President's Cabinet when he was confirmed as the fifty-fifth Secretary of the Treasury in 1953. Even though Humphrey had been a Cleveland resident since 1918, the announcement of his appointment surprised even Clevelanders, who knew him as an efficient businessman, but not as an individual who sought public life or had experience in public affairs. However, it was clear that Humphrey's appointment stemmed from President Dwight D. Eisenhower's desire to return control of the economy to business people, who he felt were most qualified to undertake this responsibility.

George M. Humphrey was born in Cheboygan, Michigan, on March 8, 1890, to Watts S. Humphrey and Caroline Magoffin Humphrey, the eldest of four children (he had one brother and two sisters). His mother was a school teacher and descendant of the Union Civil War governor of Kentucky, Beriah Magoffin, while his father was a successful lawyer, one of the first graduates of the University of Michigan and a Civil War veteran. In 1891, the Humphrey family moved to Saginaw, Michigan, where George went to high school, serving as class president for two years and as a member of a state championship football team. In 1908 he followed his father's footsteps to the University of Michigan, where he studied engineering before switching to law. He was elected to Phi Delta Phi, edited the Michigan Law Review, passed the state bar exam after four years of college, and became a partner in his father's law firm, Humphrey, Grant and Humphrey.

For the next several years a large percentage of his time was spent defending corporations from damage and personal injury claims. Humphrey was active in the lumber business and was vice-president of the larges bank in town. He married his childhood sweetheart, Pamela Stark, in 1913. Despite a successful career in Saginaw, Humphrey accepted an offer from Richard Grant in 1917 to work for the M. A. Hanna Company in Cleveland, Ohio.

Humphrey became general counsel in the company's tax department, a position which involved him in all the company's business and operations. In 1921, after the death of one of the partners, he was welcomed into the partnership of the Hanna firm as chairman of iron ore properties and operations. Humphrey knew nothing of the iron ore industry, in fact, he had never even seen an iron mine, but within a matter of months he made himself an expert on this subject. Between 1922 and 1925, M. A. Hanna & Company (incorporated in 1922) endured a period of financial instability culminating in the loss of two million dollars in 1924. Drastic changes were necessary. In 1925, Humphrey became executive vice-president, assuming control of the company along with President Howard Hanna. Under their direction, unsuccessful mines, plants, and personnel were jettisoned and the company began to concentrate on making its greatest assets more productive. The Hanna Company never lost money again, and by 1953 it was a $250 million corporation.

In 1929, Humphrey became president of the company, a post that he held until 1953. During these years, the successful management of the Hanna Company was not Humphrey's only achievement. In 1929 he was instrumental in the organization of the National Steel Corporation, which combined the interests of the Weirton Steel Company, the Great Lakes Steel Corporation, and the Hanna Company in iron ore mines, lake vessels, and blast furnaces. The Hanna Company owned a large portion of National Steel stock and Humphrey became chairman of its executive committee. This arrangement was characteristic of the Hanna Company in that about half its assets consisted of stock in other companies and about half of its profits were dividends from these companies. Humphrey and other Hanna executives served on the Board of several other corporations which, in Humphrey's case, included the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company, the Industrial Rayon Corporation, the Iron Ore Company of Canada, and the Dominion Sugar Company.

Other activities of George M. Humphrey during this time included organizing the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company in 1945 from the assets of the Pittsburgh Coal Company and the Consolidation Coal Company. In 1947, in cooperation with Benjamin Fairless of United States Steel and United Mine Workers President John L. Lewis, Humphrey negotiated the national mine workers contract which avoided a potentially crippling strike. In 1950, Humphrey was instrumental in securing cooperation from the large steel companies and receiving a $200 million loan from insurance companies in order to form the Iron Ore Company of Canada to exploit the rich iron ore deposits along the Labrador-Quebec border.

Humphrey also served in an advisory capacity to the federal government as a representative of the business community. In 1942 he was named to the Business Advisory Council of the Department of Commerce and he served as a trustee of the Committee on Economic Development, which was formed to study the future of the American economy. During the post-war years Humphrey served as chairman of the Industrial Advisory Committee of the United States Economic Administration. This committee, which settled many difficult reparations problems, also rejected the Morgenthau plan to deindustrialize Germany by dismantling its heavy industry, recommending instead the conversion of German steel plants to the production of consumer goods. Through this work in Europe, Humphrey became acquainted with Lucius Clay, American High Commissioner for Germany. Clay, quite impressed with Humphrey, recommended him several years later when President-elect Eisenhower asked for suggestions for cabinet appointments. Eisenhower offered Humphrey the Treasury post in mid-November 1952 during their first meeting. Humphrey, although initially reluctant, accepted the post, at great financial sacrifice, out of a desire to serve his country and to accept yet another challenge.

During his tenure as Secretary (1953-1957), Humphrey played an important role in reducing government expenditures, passing a tax reduction, cutting the federal deficit, stabilizing the dollar, and twice achieving a balanced annual budget. Although he never delivered a public speech before the announcement of his appointment, Humphrey became an articulate proponent of his views, a respected figure in Washington, and an important member of the cabinet whose counsel was often sought by President Eisenhower. In late May 1957, Humphrey resigned, after staying on longer than he had intended, to become President of the National Steel Company after its former president, Ernest Weir, died unexpectedly. In 1961, Humphrey retired from business to spend more time at his "Milestone" estate in Thomasville, Georgia, and to devote more time to his lifetime hobby of breeding horses. On January 20, 1970, George M. Humphrey died, survived by his wife, his son Gilbert, two daughters Pamela and Caroline, and eight grandchildren. Mrs. George M. Humphrey died on October 6, 1979.

From the guide to the George Magoffin Humphrey Papers, 1912-1970, 1953-1957, (Western Reserve Historical Society)

click here to view the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History entry for George Magoffin Humphrey

George Magoffin Humphrey (1890-1970) became the first person from Cleveland, Ohio, since Newton D. Baker to become a member of a United States President's Cabinet when he was confirmed as the fifty-fifth Secretary of the Treasury in 1953. Even though Humphrey had been a Cleveland resident since 1918, the announcement of his appointment surprised even Clevelanders, who knew him as an efficient businessman, but not as an individual who sought public life or had experience in public affairs. However, it was clear that Humphrey's appointment stemmed from President Dwight D. Eisenhower's desire to return control of the economy to business people, who he felt were most qualified to undertake this responsibility.

George M. Humphrey was born in Cheboygan, Michigan, on March 8, 1890, to Watts S. Humphrey and Caroline Magoffin Humphrey, the eldest of four children (he had one brother and two sisters). His mother was a school teacher and descendant of the Union Civil War governor of Kentucky, Beriah Magoffin, while his father was a successful lawyer, one of the first graduates of the University of Michigan and a Civil War veteran. In 1891, the Humphrey family moved to Saginaw, Michigan, where George went to high school, serving as class president for two years and as a member of a state championship football team. In 1908 he followed his father's footsteps to the University of Michigan, where he studied engineering before switching to law. He was elected to Phi Delta Phi, edited the Michigan Law Review, passed the state bar exam after four years of college, and became a partner in his father's law firm, Humphrey, Grant and Humphrey.

For the next several years a large percentage of his time was spent defending corporations from damage and personal injury claims. Humphrey was active in the lumber business and was vice-president of the larges bank in town. He married his childhood sweetheart, Pamela Stark, in 1913. Despite a successful career in Saginaw, Humphrey accepted an offer from Richard Grant in 1917 to work for the M. A. Hanna Company in Cleveland, Ohio.

Humphrey became general counsel in the company's tax department, a position which involved him in all the company's business and operations. In 1921, after the death of one of the partners, he was welcomed into the partnership of the Hanna firm as chairman of iron ore properties and operations. Humphrey knew nothing of the iron ore industry, in fact, he had never even seen an iron mine, but within a matter of months he made himself an expert on this subject. Between 1922 and 1925, M. A. Hanna & Company (incorporated in 1922) endured a period of financial instability culminating in the loss of two million dollars in 1924. Drastic changes were necessary. In 1925, Humphrey became executive vice-president, assuming control of the company along with President Howard Hanna. Under their direction, unsuccessful mines, plants, and personnel were jettisoned and the company began to concentrate on making its greatest assets more productive. The Hanna Company never lost money again, and by 1953 it was a $250 million corporation.

In 1929, Humphrey became president of the company, a post that he held until 1953. During these years, the successful management of the Hanna Company was not Humphrey's only achievement. In 1929 he was instrumental in the organization of the National Steel Corporation, which combined the interests of the Weirton Steel Company, the Great Lakes Steel Corporation, and the Hanna Company in iron ore mines, lake vessels, and blast furnaces. The Hanna Company owned a large portion of National Steel stock and Humphrey became chairman of its executive committee. This arrangement was characteristic of the Hanna Company in that about half its assets consisted of stock in other companies and about half of its profits were dividends from these companies. Humphrey and other Hanna executives served on the Board of several other corporations which, in Humphrey's case, included the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company, the Industrial Rayon Corporation, the Iron Ore Company of Canada, and the Dominion Sugar Company.

Other activities of George M. Humphrey during this time included organizing the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company in 1945 from the assets of the Pittsburgh Coal Company and the Consolidation Coal Company. In 1947, in cooperation with Benjamin Fairless of United States Steel and United Mine Workers President John L. Lewis, Humphrey negotiated the national mine workers contract which avoided a potentially crippling strike. In 1950, Humphrey was instrumental in securing cooperation from the large steel companies and receiving a $200 million loan from insurance companies in order to form the Iron Ore Company of Canada to exploit the rich iron ore deposits along the Labrador-Quebec border.

Humphrey also served in an advisory capacity to the federal government as a representative of the business community. In 1942 he was named to the Business Advisory Council of the Department of Commerce and he served as a trustee of the Committee on Economic Development, which was formed to study the future of the American economy. During the post-war years Humphrey served as chairman of the Industrial Advisory Committee of the United States Economic Administration. This committee, which settled many difficult reparations problems, also rejected the Morgenthau plan to deindustrialize Germany by dismantling its heavy industry, recommending instead the conversion of German steel plants to the production of consumer goods. Through this work in Europe, Humphrey became acquainted with Lucius Clay, American High Commissioner for Germany. Clay, quite impressed with Humphrey, recommended him several years later when President-elect Eisenhower asked for suggestions for cabinet appointments. Eisenhower offered Humphrey the Treasury post in mid-November 1952 during their first meeting. Humphrey, although initially reluctant, accepted the post, at great financial sacrifice, out of a desire to serve his country and to accept yet another challenge.

During his tenure as Secretary (1953-1957), Humphrey played an important role in reducing government expenditures, passing a tax reduction, cutting the federal deficit, stabilizing the dollar, and twice achieving a balanced annual budget. Although he never delivered a public speech before the announcement of his appointment, Humphrey became an articulate proponent of his views, a respected figure in Washington, and an important member of the cabinet whose counsel was often sought by President Eisenhower. In late May 1957, Humphrey resigned, after staying on longer than he had intended, to become President of the National Steel Company after its former president, Ernest Weir, died unexpectedly. In 1961, Humphrey retired from business to spend more time at his "Milestone" estate in Thomasville, Georgia, and to devote more time to his lifetime hobby of breeding horses. On January 20, 1970, George M. Humphrey died, survived by his wife, his son Gilbert, two daughters Pamela and Caroline, and eight grandchildren. Mrs. George M. Humphrey died on October 6, 1979.

From the guide to the George Magoffin Humphrey Photographs, 1910-1959, (Western Reserve Historical Society)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
creatorOf Humphrey, George M. (George Magoffin), 1890-1970. Correspondence with John Cook Wyllie and $2.00 bill, 1955 June 10. University of Virginia. Library
creatorOf Humphrey, George Magoffin, 1890-1970. George Magoffin Humphrey papers, 1912-1970 [microform]. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
referencedIn Records of the U.S. Senate. 1789 - 2015. Dwight D. Eisenhower and Associates Newspaper Clippings, 1936 - 1954 Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
referencedIn Dwight D. Eisenhower Library Oral History Collection. 1962 - 1998. Oral History Transcripts. 1962 - 1998. Oral History Interviews with W. Randolph Burgess Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
creatorOf George Magoffin Humphrey Photographs, 1910-1959 Western Reserve Historical Society
creatorOf Lawton, J. Fred (James Frederick), 1888-1969. James Frederick Lawton papers, 1908-1969. Bentley Historical Library
creatorOf Humphrey, George M. (George Magoffin), 1890-1970. Reminiscences of George Magoffin Humphrey : oral history, 1969. Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries
referencedIn Robert B. Anderson Papers. 1933 - 1989. Photographs Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
referencedIn Alumni Association (University of Michigan), Individual Photographs, ca. 1880-ca. 1960s Bentley Historical Library
creatorOf George Magoffin Humphrey Papers, 1912-1970, 1953-1957 Western Reserve Historical Society
creatorOf George M. Humphrey Papers. 1912 - 1970. Personal Files Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
referencedIn James Frederick Lawton papers, 1908-1969 Bentley Historical Library
creatorOf Humphrey, George M. (George Magoffin), 1890-1970. George M. Humphrey correspondence with John Cook Wyllie and $2.00 bill [manuscript], 1955 June 10. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn William B. Mershon Papers, 1848-1943 Bentley Historical Library
referencedIn Herbert Brownell Jr. Additional Papers. 1897 - 1996. Photographs Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
creatorOf Rogers, John Carr, d. 1979. Papers of John Carr Rogers, 1910-1978, 1993. University of Virginia. Library
referencedIn William H. Taylor Case Files, 1938-1957 Harvard Law School Library Langdell Hall Cambridge, MA 02138
creatorOf Humphrey, George Magoffin, 1890-1970. George Magoffin Humphrey papers, 1912-1970. Western Reserve Historical Society, Research Library
referencedIn Arthur F. Burns Papers. 1928 - 1969. Personal Papers Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
referencedIn John Foster Dulles oral history collection, 1964-1967 Princeton University. Library. Dept. of Rare Books and Special Collections.Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library. Public Policy Papers.
referencedIn Smithsonian Institution. Office of the Secretary. Correspondence, 1863-1879 Smithsonian Institution Archives
referencedIn Frederick M. Dearborn collection of military and political Americana, Part I: The Revolution and the Administration, 1669-1958. Houghton Library
referencedIn Records of the U.S. Mint. 1792 - 2007. Records Relating to Commemorative Medals Celebrating Individuals and Organizations National Archives at Philadelphia
referencedIn Humphrey family. Humphrey family papers, 1907-1953. Public Libraries of Saginaw
referencedIn Edward N. Hartwick Papers, 1898-1978, 1940-1960 Bentley Historical Library
George M. Humphrey Papers Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
referencedIn United States. Department of the Treasury. Photographs of U.S. Presidents, Department Officials and Personalities, and Facilities, 1949-1995 National Archives at College Park
referencedIn New York Times Company records. Arthur Hays Sulzberger papers, 1823-1999 New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division
Role Title Holding Repository
Relation Name
associatedWith Baruch, Bernard M. (Bernard Mannes), 1870-1965. person
associatedWith Benson, Ezra Taft. person
associatedWith Byrd, Richard Evelyn, 1888-1957. person
associatedWith Dearborn, Frederick M. (Frederick Myers), b. 1876 person
associatedWith Dulles, John Foster, 1888-1959. person
associatedWith Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969. person
associatedWith Hartwick, Edward N. person
associatedWith Hobby, Oveta Culp, 1905-1995. person
associatedWith Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964. person
associatedWith Humphrey family. family
associatedWith Lawton, J. Fred (James Frederick), 1888-1969. person
associatedWith Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969. person
associatedWith Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850-1924. person
associatedWith Mershon, William Butts, 1856-1943 person
correspondedWith Morgan, Lewis Henry person
associatedWith New York Times Company corporateBody
associatedWith Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994. person
associatedWith Parmet, Herbert S., person
associatedWith Rogers, John Carr, d. 1979. person
associatedWith Scott, Byron. person
associatedWith Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library. corporateBody
associatedWith United States. Economic Cooperation Administration. Industrial Advisory Committee. corporateBody
associatedWith University of Michigan. Alumni Association. corporateBody
associatedWith Wyllie, John Cook, 1908-1968, person
Place Name Admin Code Country
United States
United States
Germany
United States
Germany
Subject
United States
Cabinet officers
Cabinet officers
Cabinet officers
Cabinet officers
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969
Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain, 1926
Humphrey family
Humphrey, George M. (George Magoffin), b. 1890
Humphrey, George M. (George Magoffin), b. 1890
Humphrey, Pamela Stark
Iron industry and trade
Iron industry and trade
Iron mines and mining
Iron Ore Company of Canada
Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913
Ore carriers
Presidents
Steel industry and trade
Steel industry and trade
World War, 1939-1945
Occupation
Activity

Person

Birth 1890-03-08

Death 1970-01-20

English

Information

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