The collection documents the computer command subsystem (CCS) of the Voyager Project. The function of the CCS was to command the spacecraft. The CCS consisted of two processor units, two output units, two coded command buffer units, two discrete command buffer units, and two power supplies. It was configured as a block-redundant computer, with each half of the subsystem being an independent special purpose computer. The two processors operated asynchronously and were capable of being programmed to perform different functions simultaneously. The Voyager CCS was an inherited subsystem from the Viking Project. Like the earlier Viking Project, the construction and manufacture of the CCS was contracted out to the Aerospace Systems Department of General Electric, based at Utica, NY. The construction and manufacture of the CCS Memory (also known as Flight Control Processor Memory) was contracted out to SCI Systems, Inc. at its Huntsville, AL plant. SCI Systems was originally known as Space Craft, Inc. of Huntsville, AL. The name change occurred when the company established divisions in Houston, TX and Decatur, AL. Voyager Design Books (Boxes 1-4, folders 1-22). The Voyager Design Books consist of binders of reports, memoranda, parts specifications and notes regarding various subjects dealing with the Voyager spacecraft. The books are organized by subject into different volumes. The volume numbers have been retained in the folder listing. The Design Books primarily focus on the documentation of radiation tests of various computer parts. Although much of the information in the series dates before the change in name, the original files were labeled "Voyager." The Voyager Design Books in the collection were from the office of Gary Kunstmann. Project Documents (Boxes 4-6, folders 23-58). The Project Documents in the collection all deal with some aspect of the Voyager spacecraft. They are arranged by the order they were found, by number. Of note is PD 618-53, Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 Mission Plan, dated December 2, 1974. The Mission Plan was a first level of project implementation documentation. Also of note is PD 618-269, "Security Plan for MJS77 Project Operations with Special Nuclear Materials at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory," dated December 1, 1975. The plan sets forth procedures and defines responsibilities for regulating physical control of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) to maintain the security and protection of the units while at JPL. Also included is a documentation distribution and schedule. This folder lists the documents by number and specifies the documents that each person received. Spacecraft Team Meeting Minutes (Boxes 6-7, folders 59-68). The minutes of the Spacecraft Team are exhaustively documented, from meeting #116 (May 8, 1974) to meeting #227 (January 19, 1977), with only ten to twelve missing meeting minutes in all. They were all mailed to, and complied by, Gary R. Kunstmann, section 361. Starting in February 1975, all minutes were from E. L. Nave. Prior to February 1975, they were from either G. E. Cunningham or C. C. Wertz. The minutes documented the activities of each division involved, and documented the functional requirement status of written reports, from first draft to distribution. Diagrams, copies of Viewgraphs, and lists of action items were also common attachments to the meeting minutes. Spacecraft Software Design Team Meeting Minutes (Boxes 7-8, folders 69-72). The MJS77 Spacecraft Software Team was originally called the MJS77 On-Board Software Design Team, but they apparently changed their name after the first meeting. Represented in the collection are minutes from May 17, 1974 to February 11, 1976. Only the first dozen or so meetings are numbered, and there are chronological gaps, so it is probable that this is not a complete set of meeting minutes within the date span. The minutes include numerous attachments, including agendas, problem lists and drafts of reports. These minutes were also collected by Gary R. Kunstmann. Astrionics Software Design Team Meetings and Announcements (Box 8, folders 73-74). The Astrionics Software Design Team (ASDT) was the focal point for all Astrionics Division System Software design activities, in support of the MJS77 project. The ASDT served as the primary interface between the Division and other System Software activities. The primary responsibility for the ASDT was to develop requirements for all flight and ground System Software developed by the Astrionics Division. Other Meeting Minutes (Box 8, folders 75-78). Represented in this series are minutes from several other committees and teams that are not represented as fully as the above series. Operations Logs (Boxes 8-9, folders 79-89). This series consists of records of the tests conducted on the MJS Proof Test Model, from June 1976-May 1977. They are arranged chronologically. Computer Command Subsystem Simulation Timelines for Spacecraft Assembly Facility Tests (Boxes 9-11, folders 90-101). This series documents the numerous computer simulation tests of the CCS during 1976-1977. These files were originally in a three-ring binder, and the binder tabs have been retained. The files consist primarily of computer printouts of simulated timelines. Spacecraft System Test (Box 11, folders 102-104). This series consists of three folders, originally in a three-ring binder, that describe the operations required to verify the functional performance of the spacecraft as an integrated system within the constraints imposed by the test equipment and the earth-based systems. Radiation Reports, Tests and Memoranda (Boxes 12-13, folders 105-131). There was great concern of radiation damage to the Voyager spacecraft, especially around Jupiter. Included in the series are test reports, interoffice memoranda, status reports, handbooks, presentation notes, and viewgraph copies. The Radiation Handbook was to be used by the Cognizant Engineer to determine the shielding requirements of the subsystems. It is comprised primarily of tables and graphs. Miscellaneous Tests (Box 13, folders 132-138). This series consists of other documents concerning tests that do not easily fit into the preceding series. Included is the procedure for the Spacecraft Readiness Test, dated January 28, 1977. This test was to verify that the major spacecraft functions were operational before the formal system test and other tests to be performed after the spacecraft is transported from any location, and to gather power profile and benchmark data, for comparison with data from other Spacecraft Readiness Tests. Also included are the Astrionics Test Reports, from January 25, 1977 to the launch of Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977. The reports note daily test objectives and news and comments. Rework and Instruction Notebooks (Boxes 14-21, folders 139-200). These notebooks are organized into different component subjects of the Computer Command Subsystem: Output, Power Supply, Processor, Flight, Memory. Within each subject they are organized by part serial number. The files themselves are primarily composed of diagrams, logbooks and inspection reports. Engineering Change Requirements (Box 21, folders 201-204). This series consists of Engineering Change Requirement forms, schematic diagrams, and lists. Waiver Request Forms (Box 21, folder 205). This small series of one file consists of waiver request forms. They were used whenever there was a change from the established part specifications. The reason for the requested waiver of the original requirement or specification needed to be justified. Problem/Failure Reports (Box 22, folders 206-209). This series consists of three folders of Problem/Failure Reports, which document all instances of problems or failures during various tests, the description of the problem, verification, and any corrective actions taken. They are organized by number, which for the most part corresponds chronologically. Also included is one folder of Part Failure Analyses, which are similar to problem/failure reports. Quarterly Reviews (Box 22, folders 210-214). These files are memoranda, handwritten notes, and presentation material involving various quarterly reviews in the program. The series is by no means exhaustive, with only a selected number of reviews represented. Two status reports of the MJS77-1 proof test model are represented as well. Multi-layer Board Problem (Boxes 22-23, folders 215-227). A problem with the multi-layer board (MLB) subassembly was discovered during initial testing of the earliest MJS subassemblies. The failures were traced to problems with plated through-holes (PTH) of the MLB. The problem was attributed to the fractured PTH copper barrels due to low copper ductility (brittleness) and low copper thickness and low localized plating current density. Thinner PTH copper was used on the MJS MLBs compared to that of the Viking Orbiter due to a problem of solder sliver with the Viking Orbiter program. This is documented in the MLB Problem Series. Included is photographic evidence of the problem. In early 1977 the contractor fabricated, assembled and tested a second set of special MLBs, which were delivered to JPL on April 13, 1977. Flatpack Problem (Boxes 23-24, folders 228-233). Another significant event in the fabrication of the MJS77 CCS was the oxidation of integrated circuit flatpack lids (also known as the "rusty IC" problem) in May-June 1975. The lids were gold on kovar without any nickel. The gold was porous, and contamination and humidity caused corrosion, which in some cases progressed approximately one-third through the kovar lids. The parts were eventually refabricated by the contractor at cost. Contract Negotiation History (Boxes 24-26, folders 234-250). The MJS77 Computer Command Subsystem (CCS) and Attitude Control Subsystem (ACS) Flight Control Processor (FCP) contract was a cost plus fixed fee/award fee agreement. The contract was let as a single phase effort consisting of the redesign of the Viking Orbiter 1975 CCS and the fabrication, assembly, and test of three Flight MJS77 CCSs, and six Flight MJS ACS FCP Subassemblies. The contract was solicited on a noncompetitive basis from the Aircraft Equipment Division, Aerospace Electronic Systems Department of General Electric. The Request for Proposal was issued on February 19, 1974, and received on March 19, 1974. Contract negotiations occurred during May 1974, and the definitive contract (Contract No. 953891) executed and enacted on August 1, 1974. Award Fee Documentation (Box 26, folders 251-255). This file contains documentation regarding the award fees for Contract 953891, regarding General Electric's manufacture of the Computer Command Subsystem. Much of the series is marked "JPL Discreet." JPL/GE Budgeting Documentation (Boxes 26-28, folders 256-284). This series consists of subject files pertaining to CCS and the Multi-layer Board (MLB). The prime contractor was General Electric, and there are performance and budget reports pertaining to GE's work. The files document the budgeting of the CCS Contract, with contract modifications, and budgeting of labor costs. It includes CCS Functional Testing, Schedule Accomplishment Reports, Cost Summaries, and the MJS Multi-layer Board Failure Investigation Report. Subsequent to the delivery of the final subassembly, a significant defect was discovered in the multi-layer printed wiring boards. The defect resulted in the refabrication of five CCS Output Unit Subassemblies, five CCS Processor Subassemblies and five ACS FCP Subassemblies. General Electric Contractor Reports (Boxes 28-29, folders 285-293). This series consists of monthly Management and Financial Reports, and weekly Status and Problem Reports, generated by General Electric to JPL. General Electric Contractor Parts Memos and Reports (Boxes 29-31, folders 294-315). This series consists of acquisition lists and schedules, and miscellaneous memoranda and correspondence dealing with contractor parts between GE and JPL. Residual Parts Documentation (Box 31, folders 316-318). This series consists of documentation of parts originally built for other missions and used on the Voyager project. This was commonly done with spare parts left over from the Viking project. The series also documents parts were returned to JPL by a subcontractor, with proper traceability, continuity and adequate identification to use on future programs or projects. Miscellaneous General Electric Documents (Box 31, folders 319-320). This series consists of documents documenting General Electric activities as a contractor for the MJS CCS that do not easily fit into any other series. This includes an organization chart of the Aerospace Electronic Systems Department of GE, who was responsible for fabricating the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn CCS. Also included are two files of screening test reports, which include photographs. SCI Systems Contract Information (Boxes 31-33, folders 321-336). The contract for manufacture of the CCS Memory was awarded to SCI Systems, Inc. (Contract 953938). SCI Systems had performed similar work with the CCS of the Viking Orbiter spacecraft. The contract for the CCS Memory was a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract, to update the Viking Orbiter 1975 Computer Command Subsystem Memory to the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 CCS Memory configuration and fabricate and test twelve MJS77 Memories. This series consists of documentation of the contract negotiations. SCI Systems CCS Memory Reports (Boxes 33-36, folders 337-368). This series is similar to the GE Contractor Reports series, consisting of Financial and Management Reports, Schedule Accomplishment Reports, Work Breakdown Structure Reports, Baseline Estimate Reports and Contract Status Reports. All of the reports document the CCS Memory contract awarded to SCI Systems. SCI Systems Award Fees Documentation (Boxes 36-37, folders 369-370). This series is similar to the series of General Electric Award Fees Documentation. Some of the documents in the series are "JPL Discreet." SCI Systems Specification Manuals (Boxes 37-38, folders 371-382). This series contains documentation of parts specifications from SCI Systems, and from their earlier incarnation, Space Craft, Inc. The series includes general parts specifications, dating back to 1967, as well as parts specifically designed for the MJS project. Test Specifications and Procedures (Boxes 38-39, folders 383-406). This series consists of test specifications and procedures of various components and aspects of the CCS. Parts Descriptions (Boxes 39-40, folders 407-425). This series consists of parts screening summaries, inventory schedules, parts test results and test procedures. CCS Memory Engineering Design Notebooks (Boxes 40-41, folders 426-434). This series consists of preliminary design studies of the CCS Memory, and the SCI Systems CCS Memory Engineering Design Notebook. Worst Case Stress Analysis Reports (Box 41, folders 435-436). This series consists of two folders of reports. The reports are stress analysis work sheets of various components of the computer command subsystem memory. Drawing Change Requests (Box 42, folders 437-443). This series consists of drawing change requests and change-in-drawing notices, previously housed in binders. General Electric Shippers (Box 42, folders 444-445). This series consists of two folders of shipping notices and shipping/receiving memoranda. The shipping/receiving memoranda are all the pink (originator) copies. Computer Command Subsystem Memory Control Slides (Boxes 43-44, folders 446-453). This series consists of eight slide containers of CCS Memory slides. Seven of the containers are original plastic cases measuring 3" x 9" x 3". The other container is an archival slide container with approximately the same measurements. Plated Wire Memory Reports (Box 45, folders 454-459). This series consists of reports from SCI Systems documenting the problems with the plated wire memory systems of the spacecraft. Contamination of parts of the plated wire was ultimately traced to berylium-copper wire which was used for reaming purposes, and introduced foreign particles into the reamed tunnels, and the tunnel and/or matt structures, which contained chlorine, silicon and a trace of copper. It was decided to seal tunnel structures during processing. Two reports involving both MJS and the Viking Orbiter have been included as the MJS project was the main subject, with the Viking Orbiter discussed for comparison. Miscellaneous SCI Systems Memoranda and Reports (Box 46, folders 460-464). This series consists of three folders of teletype communication between SCI Systems and JPL, and two reports documenting mat and tunnel procurement for the plated wire memory system of the computer command subsystem. Personnel Issues (Box 46, folders 465-470). This series consists of documentation regarding MJS'77 personnel. Of note is one file documenting the relocation of selected JPL personnel to the Eastern Test Range at Cape Canaveral. The personnel relocated supported CCS testing and launch operations of the Voyager spacecraft at ETR. Memoranda documenting the planning, facilities, housing, security clearances, and transfer of payroll checks to ETR are included. Also included in the series are such mundane items as after hours and weekend parking access lists. Miscellaneous GE Reports (Box 46, folders 471-476.) This series consists of reports that did not easily fit into any of the other GE document series. Software Memoranda (Box 47, folders 477-478). This small series consists of two folders of reports and memoranda documenting various software issues with the MJS CCS. Miscellaneous SCI Systems Information (Boxes 47-48, folders 479-501). This series consists of material regarding SCI Systems that did not easily fit into any other series. Included is one file documenting problems with migrated gold-resistive shorts in the CCS Memory. Also included is one file pertaining to a MJU (Mariner Jupiter/ Uranus) mission, with the proof test orbiter to be used in case of failure of one or both of the operational probes. This mission would have been launched in 1979 or 1980, with a flyby and gravity assist of Jupiter sending the probe directly to Uranus. This scenario was ultimately not enacted. A file about the protection of static sensitive devices is also included. Miscellaneous MJS/Voyager CCS Files (Boxes 48-50, folders 502-553). This series consists of folders that did not easily fit into any other series. Of note is one folder containing memoranda regarding a near-Earth mission profile. The acquisition of near Earth science was not a mission requirement, but a highly desirable design goal for the mission. Strategies were devised in obtaining scientific data while the Voyager spacecraft were still close to the Earth. One folder examines the use of solithane, used as potting material in flat pack devices. The material contained about ten per-cent of Toluene Diisocyanate, a mixture that is toxic to humans, potentially causing respiratory damage. There is one folder with a memorandum from John Casani dated March 16, 1977, explaining that the project will now be referred to as "Voyager," and that Roman numerals were not to be used in the numbering of the spacecraft. Oversize Material (Boxes 51-54, folders 554-569). The oversize material consists primarily of computer printouts of cost-estimates, and drawings of the CCS Memory.
