Letters, 1775-1825.

Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813

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Benjamin Rush (January 4, 1746 [O.S. December 24, 1745] – April 19, 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States who signed the United States Declaration of Independence, and a civic leader in Philadelphia, where he was a physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, and educator and the founder of Dickinson College. Rush attended the Continental Congress. His later self-description there was: "He aimed right." He served as Surgeon General of the Continental Army and became a profess...

Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848

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John Quincy Adams (b. July 11, 1767, Braintree, Massachusetts-d. February 23, 1848, Washington, D.C.) was an American statesman who served as a diplomat, United States Senator, member of the House of Representatives, and the sixth President of the United States. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later the Anti-Masonic and Whig parties. He was the son of President John Adams and Abigail Adams. As a diplomat, Adams played an important role in neg...

Adams, John, 1735-1826

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John Adams (1735-1826) was the second president of the United States, born in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts. He served as defense counsel for British soldiers accused of Boston Massacre in 1770; as delegate to Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778; as member of committee charged with drafting Declaration of Independence in 1776; as congressional commissioner to France from 1778 to 1779; as minister to United Provinces in 1780; and negotiated a loan from Dutch bankers in 1782. Adams join...

Calhoun, John C. (John Caldwell), 1782-1850

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John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority states' rights in politics. He did this in the context of protecting the interests of the white South when its residents were outnumbered by Northerners. He began his political career as a nationalist, mo...

Clay, Henry, 1777-1852

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Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and House. He was the seventh House speaker and the ninth secretary of state. He received electoral votes for president in the 1824, 1832, and 1844 presidential elections. He also helped found both the National Republican Party and the Whig Party. For his role in defusing sectional crises, he earned the appellation of the "Great Compromiser" and was part of the "Grea...

Eustis, William, 1753-1825

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Revolutionary War veteran, politician, and secretary of war. From the description of Letter, 1818 Oct. 20. (Filson Historical Society, The). WorldCat record id: 49215753 William Eustis was born in Cambridge, Mass., and graduated from Harvard College in 1772. He served as a surgeon during the American Revolutionary War and in the Massachusetts General Court (1788-1794). Eustis was a U.S. Representative for Massachusetts (1801-1804, 1820-1823), Secretary of War (1809-1813), Am...

Gore, Christopher, 1758-1827

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Cobb, David, 1748-1830

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Revolutionary War soldier and aide-de-camp to General George Washington, speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and president of the Senate, physician, judge, member of Congress, lieutenant governor of Massachusetts, and a founder of the Society of the Cincinnati and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. At the time of this letter, Cobb was a resident of Gouldsboro, Maine. From the description of David Cobb letter, 1806 June 29. (Duke University Library). WorldCat...

Madison, James, 1751-1836

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James Madison (1751-1836) was the fourth president of the United States, born in Port Conway, Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia legislature from 1776 to 1780 and from 1784 to 1786, and the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1783. His proposals at and management of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 earned him title "father of the U.S. Constitution." He cooperated with Alexander Hamilton and Jay in writing a series of papers (pub. 1787-88 under title of The Federalist) explaining the ne...

Monroe, James, 1758-1831

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James Monroe, fifth president of the United States of America (b. April 28, 1758, Monroe Hall, Virginia-d. July 4, 1831, New York, New York) fought with distinction in the Continental Army, and he practiced law in Fredericksburg, Virginia. As a young politician, he joined the anti-Federalists in the Virginia Convention which ratified the Constitution, and in 1790, an advocate of Jeffersonian policies, he was elected United States Senator. As Minister to France in 1794-1796, Monroe showed strong ...

Ames, Fisher, 1758-1808

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Massachusetts attorney elected to first four Congresses; Federalist and supporter of Hamilton's fiscal program. From the description of ALS : Philadelphia, to Colonel Joseph Ward, Boston, 1791 Feb. 16. (Boston Public Library). WorldCat record id: 37601637 Member of the 1st-4th Congresses from Massachusetts. From the description of ALS : New York, N.Y., to John Lowell, 1789 Apr. 8. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122645434 Lawyer and...

Lear, Tobias, 1762-1816

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Lear became George Washington's private secretary in 1785 and for seven years was a member of the official family at Mount Vernon. After his first wife's death he married Frances Bassett Washington, who was Martha Washington's niece and the widow of George Washington's nephew George Augustine Washington. He later married another niece of Martha's, and served in a number of consular positions. 1762, Sept. 19 ...

Gallatin, Albert, 1761-1849

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Diplomat and U.S. secretary of the treasury. From the description of Albert Gallatin papers, 1783-1847. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 82919649 Albert Gallatin was a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives (1790-1792), a U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania (1795-1801), Secretary of the Treasury (1801-1814), and Minister Plenipotentiary to France (1815-1823) and Great Britain (1826-1827). From the description of Albert Gallatin letter, 1803 Oct....

Swan, James, 1754-1830

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American financial speculator. From the description of Letter : to M. Dumesnil de Monville, Paris, 1808 Dec. 25. (Boston Athenaeum). WorldCat record id: 41390891 ...