Field FoundationArchives 1940-1990

Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993

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Thurgood Marshall (b. July 2, 1908, Baltimore, Maryland – d. January 24, 1993, Washington, D.C.) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. Before becoming a judge, Marshall was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education, a 1954 decision that ruled t...

Farmer, James Leonard, Jr., 1920-1999

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Civil rights leader, author, labor organizer, and teacher, James Leonard Farmer, Jr. was born on January 12, 1920, in Marshall, Texas. He earned degrees from Wiley College (1938) and the Howard University School of Divinity (1940). Farmer went on to found the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) which played a key role in the Civil Rights movement, particularly in launching the Freedom Rides in the summer of 1961. These bus rides tested the federal interstate transportation accommodations at bus t...

Chavez, Cesar, 1927-1993

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Cesar Chavez (b. March 31, 1927, Yuma, AZ – d. April 23, 1993, San Luis, AZ) was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later the United Farm Workers union, UFW) in 1962. Originally a Mexican American farm worker, Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approac...

Field Foundation (New York, N.Y.)

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The Field Foundation was established in 1940 by Marshall Field III, a Chicago banker, publisher of the Chicago Sun-Times, and grandson of the founder of the Marshall Field and Company department store in Chicago. The foundation provided support to organizations promoting civil rights, civil liberties, and child welfare and to other groups and individuals working for social change. By 1988 the foundation had distributed all its funds and ceased to exist. From the guide to the Field Fo...

Field, Marshall, 1893-1956

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King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968

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Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. January 15, 1929, Atlanta, Georgia –d. April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. In 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1965, he helped to organize the Selma to M...