Bayard Rustin Papers 1942-1987 (bulk 1963-1980)

Rustin, Bayard, 1912-1987

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Bayard Rustin (b. March 17, 1912, West Chester, Pennsylvania–d. August 24, 1987, Manhattan, New York) was an African-American Quaker who was concerned with nonviolence, socialism, civil rights, race relations, and international relations. He was connected with the Fellowship of Reconciliation, American Friends Service Committee, War Resisters League, Congress of Racial Equality, and Committee for Nonviolent Civil Disobedience against Military Segregation. He was imprisoned during World War II fo...

Fellowship of Reconciliation (U.S.)

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The Fellowship of Reconciliation was established in December of 1914, during a meeting at Cambridge, England. Its members believed that Christians were forbidden to wage war, and that instead they should work positively to establish a new world order of peace and justice. The F.O.R. had its office in London. It produced and distributed literature, including its monthly magazine Reconciliation; worked with youth; fostered groups of members throughout the country; and supported the work of the Int...

Wiesel, Elie, 1928-2016

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Elie Wiesel was born in 1928 in Sighet, Transylvania. He was 15 years old when he and his family were deported by the Nazis to Auschwitz. His mother and younger sister perished, his two older sisters survived. Elie and his father were later transported to Buchenwald, where his father died shortly before the camp was liberated in April 1945. After the war, Elie Wiesel studied in Paris and later became a journalist. He wrote his memoir La Nuit or Night. In 1978, President Jimmy Carter appointed El...

Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 1904-1996

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Javits, Jacob K. (Jacob Koppel), 1904-1986

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Jacob Koppel Javits (May 18, 1904 – March 7, 1986) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Republican Party, Javits served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing New York's 21st congressional district from 1947 to 1954, as the 58th Attorney General of New York from 1955 to 1957, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1957 until 1981. After graduating from New York University School of Law, he established a law practice in New York City. During World War II, he serv...

Chavez, Cesar, 1927-1993

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Cesar Chavez (b. March 31, 1927, Yuma, AZ – d. April 23, 1993, San Luis, AZ) was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later the United Farm Workers union, UFW) in 1962. Originally a Mexican American farm worker, Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approac...

Randolph, A. Philip, 1889-1979

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Asa Philip Randolph (born April 15, 1889, Cresent City, Florida-died May 16, 1979, New York City), African-American labor leader and early civil rights spokesman. Influenced by the socialism of Eugene Debs, Randolph began publishing his magazine The Messenger in 1917. He opposed U.S. entry into the first World War. In 1925 he organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. His associations with Bayard Rustin and James Farmer influenced his dedication to nonviolence. Randolph was a founder of ...

Bookbinder, Hyman H. (Hyman Harry), 1916-2011

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Hyman Harry Bookbinder (b. March 9, 1916, Brooklyn, New York-d. July 21, 2011, Bethesda, Maryland), was a 1937 graduate of the City College of New York and served in the Navy during World War II. He spent his early Washington career as a lobbyist for the AFL-CIO, and as assistant director in the U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity and poverty adviser to then-Vice President Hubert Humphrey. He was a longtime lobbyist for Jewish causes, and served as the American Jewish Committee’s Washington repr...

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 1927-2003

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Daniel Patrick Moynihan, also Pat Moynihan, (born March 16, 1927, Tulsa, Oklahoma – died March 26, 2003, Washington, D.C.), American politician, sociologist, and diplomat. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented New York in the United States Senate and served as an adviser to Republican U.S. President Richard Nixon. Moynihan moved at a young age to New York City. Following a stint in the navy, he earned a Ph.D. in history from Tufts University. He worked on the staff of New York Gove...

Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-

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Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937) is an American politician serving as a non-voting Delegate to the United States House of Representatives, representing the District of Columbia. As a non-voting member, Norton may serve on committees, introduce legislation, as well as speak on the House floor; however, she is not permitted to vote on the final passage of any legislation. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Eleanor K. Holmes was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Vela (née...

Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971

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Hugo LaFayette Black (1886-1971) was a judge for the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 12, 1937; confirmed by the Senate on August 17, 1937; and received his commission on August 18, 1937. He assumed senior status on September 17, 1971, but his service was terminated soon thereafter, with his death on September 25, 1971. ...

Hooks, Benjamin L. (Benjamin Lawson), 1925-2010

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Benjamin Lawson Hooks (January 31, 1925 – April 15, 2010) was an attorney who practiced in Memphis, Tennessee and served as the executive director for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1977 to 1992....

Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6s46r5z (person)

Civil rights leader and journalist; d. 1981. From the description of Papers, 1915-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 31605113 Roy Wilkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri, grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota. Wilkins edited the KANSAS CITY CALL, a Black newspaper, from 1923 to 1931. Wilkins became Assistant Secretary of the NAACP in 1931 and became Executive Secretary in 1955. Under his leadership the NAACP grew to 350,000 members. ...

International Rescue Committee

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Private international organization for aid to refugees. From the description of International Rescue Committee records, 1933-2009. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754871906 ...

Meany, George, 1894-1980

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Labor official; interviewee d.1980. From the description of Reminiscences of George Meany : oral history, 1957. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122587289 President, AFL-CIO, 1955-1980. George Meany (1894-1980) was elected president of the American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L.) in 1952. His efforts to unite his organization with its rival, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), was successful, and he was ...

Freedom House (U.S.)

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Freedom House was established in 1941 as a non-profit, non-partisan democratic challenge to the Braunhaus in Munich, a center for Nazi propaganda. It physically merged several anti-isolationism organizations, including Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies and Fight for Freedom, while allowing them to remain administratively autonomous. Acting from its headquarters in the Willkie Memorial Building, Freedom House functioned as a clearinghouse, coordinator, radi...

Begin, Menachem, 1913-1992

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Kaplan, Kivie, 1904-1975

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Kivie Kaplan was born on April 1, 1904 in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1924, Kivie Kaplan and his brothers took over their father's leather businesses. He had joined the N.A.A.C.P. in 1932 and was elected President in 1966; he held that post until his death. ...

Carter, Jimmy, 1924-

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Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter, Jr.), thirty-ninth president of the United States, was born on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia, and grew up in the nearby community of Archery. His father, James Earl Carter, Sr., was a farmer and businessman; his mother, Lillian Gordy, a registered nurse. He was educated in the Plains public schools, attended Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology, and received a B.S. from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1946. In the Navy he became a ...

Muste, A. J. (Abraham John), 1885-1967

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Clergyman, pacifist. From the description of Reminiscences of Abraham John Muste : oral history, 1954. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309741542 From the description of Reminiscences of Abraham John Muste : oral history, 1965. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122681124 A.J. Muste (1885-1967). Muste's involvement as a labor organizer began in 1919. When he led strikes in the textile mills of Lawrenc...

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

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The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is a national organization organized in chapters and affiliates that works for human rights across the world. It played a prominent role in the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King, Jr. Origins of the SCLC can be traced back to the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 5 December 1955 after which leaders of civil rights groups met in Atlanta on 10-11 January 1957 to form ...

Height, Dorothy I. (Dorothy Irene), 1912-2010

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6z901p0 (person)

Social worker. From the description of Reminiscences of Dorothy I. Height : oral history, 1976. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 309740864 Civil rights activist; YWCA worker From the description of Dorothy Irene Height papers, 1937-2005 (Smith College). WorldCat record id: 463485177 Dorothy Irene Height was born March 24, 1912 in Richmond, Virginia to Fannie Burroughs and James Height. Both of Height's paren...

Poole, Anita

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King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968

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Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. January 15, 1929, Atlanta, Georgia –d. April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. King helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. In 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1965, he helped to organize the Selma to M...

Kennedy, Edward Moore, 1932-2009

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Edward Moore Kennedy (b. Feb. 22, 1932, Boston, Mass.-d. Aug. 25, 2009), graduated from Harvard University with a B.A. in government in 1956, and received his LL.B. from the University of Virginia in 1959. He served in the United States Army from 1951 to 1953. He was elected democratic senator from Massachusetts in 1962, served until his death in August 2009. He was the Assistant District Attorney for Suffolk County from 1961 to 1962, and sought the Democratic nomination for president in 1980....

Platt, Selma

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Nkrumah, Kwame, 1909-1972

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Teacher, prime minister of the Gold Coast and president of Ghana, Pan-Africanist, and author. From the description of Papers, 1955-1987 (bulk 1965-1974). (Moorland-Spingarn Resource Center). WorldCat record id: 70939653 ...

Kennedy, Robert F. (Robert Francis), 1925-1968

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Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also referred to by his initials RFK and occasionally by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. He was the brother of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Senator Edward Moore Kennedy. Kennedy and his brothers were born into a wealthy,...

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963 : Washington, D.C.)

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DiGia, Ralph

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Cleaver, Eldridge, 1935-1998

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Co-founder of Black Panther Party, presidential candidate of the Peace and Freedom Party (1968), and author of Soul on Ice. From the description of Papers ca. 1969-1977. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 55998690 Eldridge Cleaver was born August 3, 1935 in Wabbaseka, Arkansas. During his youth he was convicted of various drug and assault charges and spent time in reformatories and prisons. His experiences led him to become a follower of Malcolm X and the Nation of...