Boston Young Women's Christian Association (Massachusetts)

The Boston Young Women's Christian Association (BYWCA) was founded in 1866; it was one of the first, and the prototype, for all subsequent YWCAs in the United States. It is also one of the oldest extant voluntary agencies in Boston.

In 1858, Mrs. Lucretia Boyd, a city missionary, first voiced concern for the moral and physical welfare of young women and girls coming from the country to work in Boston. In 1866 a group of women led by the civic reformer Pauline Durant, wife of philanthropist Henry Durant, founded the BYWCA modeled on the English YWCA to "serve the temporal, moral, and religious welfare of young women who are dependent upon their own exertions for support." Young women faced with the choice of "starving or sinning" were to be housed in well-regulated boarding houses and given moral and religious training. Accommodations and a reading room were rented on Chauncy Street in 1866 and shortly thereafter two houses on Beach Street were purchased to offer lodgings to Protestant women under the age of 25. Classes - - including Astronomy, Botany, Penmanship, and Bookkeeping - - were offered and a restaurant opened to serve residents and non-residents.

Finding that many young women had no jobs, the BYWCA in 1868 opened an employment agency for domestic servants and an experimental industrial class to teach sewing, dressmaking, and the use of the sewing machine. Such was the success of the early years that new buildings were constructed on Warrenton Street (1875) and Berkeley Street (1884). The first executive secretary, Charlotte Drinkwater (1875-1908), introduced many pioneering programs and established the early goals, to which over the years the BYWCA has consistently adhered: affordable housing, enrichment courses, vocational training, physical education, and career counseling and placement. The BYWCA's initial concern for the religious health of its clients has shifted away from Protestant denominational loyalty to a broad Christian focus. The responsiveness of the BYWCA to social change has depended partly on the differing agendas of the Executive Secretaries and partly on the policies of the volunteer Board of Managers. The settlement and training of immigrants as domestic workers was an early goal under Mary E. Blodgett, who established Travelers' Aid to welcome immigrants at the docks. Assimilation classes were offered by the International Institute in the 1920s. Under Executive Secretary Harriet Broad (1914-21), who trained at the National Board of the YWCA in New York, there was an effort to reach "industrial girls" and the membership was expanded to include clients as well as upper-class managers. Although (unlike the National Board) not a pioneer in race relations, the BYWCA wholeheartedly embraced the multicultural goals of the YWCA movement in the 1970s and introduced innovative programs whose purpose was to strengthen diversity and eliminate racism. The BYWCA has also been outspoken on public policy issues such as apartheid in South Africa. From the 1970s, especially under the direction of Executive Director Juliet Brudney, the BYWCA concentrated on services to youth and teenagers and child care services for working mothers.

The shortfall in funding from private charity, United Way, and state and federal agencies was closed by periodic fundraising campaigns and by the sale of securities. In 1986, in the interests of long range financial stability, the Board decided to rebuild the BYWCA at 140 Clarendon Street in partnership with a commercial developer. At the time when this collection was processed these plans had been postponed.

• 1866: Boston YWCA founded; opens two houses on Beach Street to provide room and board for 80 Protestant workers and students.
• 1868: Employment agency for domestic servants opened. Courses offered to residents.
• 1874: New building opened on Warrenton Street.
• 1879 - 1914 : Training School for Domestics provided up-to-date training for maids.
• 1884: Residence on Berkeley Street opened with first YWCA gymnasium.
• 1887: Travelers' Aid established to meet immigrants at the docks and provide temporary accommodation at Carver Street. Employment Office expanded to include placement in business and professions.
• 1888 - 1942 : School of Domestic Science provides training for professional housekeepers and domestic science teachers in cooking, dressmaking, clay-modeling, wood-working ("sloyd"), and carpentry. School for Christian Workers founded.
• 1891: Pauline Durant Gymnasium built. Shorthand and typing courses introduced.
• 1892: Home Circle Club for Domestic Servants opened.
• 1906: Department of Medical Gymnastics offers corrective treatment.
• 1908: National Board of the YWCA (YWCA-USA) organized (1906); Boston joins YWCA-USA becomes open to new ideas and professionally trained leadership of the National office.
• 1914: Extension Department began to work with factory girls. Membership expanded to include not just upper-class managers but also women clients. "Now the girls are the Association."
• 1916: Jubilee anniversary of founding of BYWCA.
• 1917 - 1918 : War work includes War Fund Campaign, hostess house at Fort Devens, and inter-racial Blue Triangle Recreation Center.
• 1918: Accommodation for business girls opened at 37 1/2 Beacon Street.
• 1921: Camp Winnecunnet on Martha's Vineyard purchased to provide inexpensive summer holidays for working women.
• 1926: Extension Department refounded to serve industrial workers in 40 cities and towns within a 15-mile radius of Boston. Warrenton Street building closed. International Institute, which later became autonomous, opened to provide services to immigrant women.
• 1927: Cornerstone of new building at 140 Clarendon Street laid.
• 1929: New building opened with Pioneer Hotel on top two floors. YWCAs of Newton and Boston merged.
• 1931: Adult Education Department formed.
• 1942: War efforts includes organizing entertainment for servicemen in Army-Navy Officers Club, providing housing for women doing war work, and raising funds for war relief. Camp Gaywood founded in Maine (open through 1956).
• 1948: Beta Gamma Club opened for businesswomen.
• 1950: Programs and exhibits honor Blacks and women achievers.
• 1951: Berkeley Residence campaign begun.
• 1954: Camp Blazing Trail, Denmark, Maine started (open through 1976).
• 1960: YWCA/YMCA jointly operate Mt. Bowdoin branch in Dorchester (formerly Greenwood Youth Center).
• 1964: West Suburban branch opened in Natick, enlarging programming for youth.
• 1970: YWCA-USA adopts "The One Imperative: To Eliminate Racism." Aswalos House opens in Dorchester to serve local minority community in the area and with after-school programs, summer camp, and counseling.
• 1974: Campaign for new swimming pool. Virginia Howard Ehrlich Day Care Center opened.
• 1976: 140 Clarendon Street renamed for civil rights activist Melnea A. Cass. Women's Resource Center opened at the West Suburban branch. New programs included job training in non-traditional occupations, programs for displaced homemakers, teen support, after-school tutoring, and health and physical fitness programs.
• 1986: Concerned about long-term financial stability, the YWCA board votes to rebuild the Clarendon Street site with a commercial developer, to create a Women's Athletic Center as a magnet for businesswomen in Boston, and to commit funds to the renovation of the Berkeley Street residence.

From the guide to the Records, 1858-1988, (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute)

The Boston YWCA was founded in 1866 to "serve the temporal and religious welfare of young women who are dependent upon their own exertions for support." Over the years the Boston YWCA has adhered to goals established by its first executive director, Charlotte Drinkwater, to provide affordable housing, enrichment courses, vocational training, physical education, career counselling and placement to the working women of Boston. Assistance with settlement of immigrants began in 1887 through the Travelers' Aid department. Since 1970, the Boston YWCA has introduced innovative programs to strengthen diversity and eliminate racism. It has been outspoken in public policy issues such as apartheid and offered services to youth, child care for working mothers, and special training for displaced homemakers.

From the description of Records, 1858-1988 (inclusive). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232008015

The Boston Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) was established in 1866 by Mrs. Henry F. Durant and some of her friends. The Association was incorporated in 1867. These Christian women started the Young Women's Christian Association in America because they wanted to do something about the "deplorable state of things existing among the self-supporting girls in the City." The YWCA offered boarding, classes and employment services. The 1880 Boston Charities Directory lists the Association's objective as the "temporal, moral and religious welfare of young women who are dependent on their own exertion for support, and so delicately to bestow services that the self-respect of each shall be maintained." The YWCA provided different services to satisfy the needs of all who came to them. According to the 1924 Boston Charities Directory, the Association changed their objective to promoting the physical, moral and spiritual welfare of young women in Boston. The individuals they helped now included women and girls, ranging from about 10-35 years old. In 1929 the main office moved to Clarendon Street where it still remains to this today . Over the years their services expanded to include psychiatric case workers, vocational counselors and extended programs of activities for young men and women. Presently there are several YWCAs throughout the Boston area, and hundreds nationwide. They all offer classes, youth programs and child care centers. Residence programs are still available for young women seeking temporary and long term housing, as well as programs for adolescent parenting and grandparents who are caring for their grandchildren. What has remained the same through the Association's history is the dedication to the physical and spiritual well-being of women in Boston of all ages and situations. The Boston YWCA's current mission states that the YWCA is a women's membership movement that is rooted in Christian faith. It is composed of members who strive to create opportunities for women's leadership and power and who have a common vision of peace, justice, freedom and dignity for all people. Their one imperative is to eliminate racism wherever it exists and by any means necessary.

From the description of Boston Young Women's Christian Association records [electronic resource]. 1871-1968. (Simmons College). WorldCat record id: 48583479