Tousard, Louis de, 1749-1817

Louis de Tousard (1749-1817) was a French military officer who served in the American Revolution with Marquis de Lafayette. He was involved in the ill-fated Canadian campaign and in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. After being wounded on August 28, 1778, he returned to France. In 1784 he was commissioned lieutenant colonel and went to Santo Domingo where he became involved in an effort to put down the 1791 slave insurrection led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. The French government arrested him on October 19, 1792, and accused him of being a counter-revolutionary and corresponding with the rebellious slaves. He was confined to the infamous L'Abbaye prison where he remained until February 4, 1793, when he was released through the intercession of the American minister. He was then reinstated in the American army and promoted to inspector of artillery. Between 1800 and 1802 he helped organize the military academy at West Point. He returned to France in 1802, where he died fifteen years later.

From the description of Letter book, 1796-1802 [microform]. (Hagley Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122405620

Louis de Tousard (1749-1817) was a French military officer who served in the American Revolution with Marquis de Lafayette. He was involved in the ill-fated Canadian campaign and in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. After being wounded on August 28, 1778, he returned to France. In 1784 he was commissioned lieutenant colonel and went to Santo Domingo where he became involved in an effort to put down the 1791 slave insurrection led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. The French government arrested him on October 19, 1792, and accused him of being a counter-revolutionary and corresponding with the rebellious slaves. He was confined to the infamous L'Abbaye prison where he remained until February 4, 1793 when he was released through the intercession of the American minister. He was then reinstated in the American army and promoted to inspector of artillery. Between 1800 and 1802 he helped organize the military academy at West Point. He returned to France in 1802 where he died fifteen years later.

From the description of Journal, 1791-1792 [microform]. (Hagley Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122503468

Army officer, and French diplomat.

From the description of Papers of Louis de Tousard, 1810-1828. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79455363

Louis de Tousard was born in France in 1749. He received a commission in the French Artillery Corps after studying at an artillery school, but resigned his commission to serve the colonists' cause during the American Revolution. He soon after secured a position on General George Washington's staff and enjoyed a successful career as an officer. He later served the French Army during the slave uprising in St. Domingue, and after retiring from the army in 1802, was appointed French vice-consul in Philadelphia (1805), and later was the consul to New Orleans. Tousard died in Paris in 1817.

In 1808 Louis de Tousard's daughter Caroline married John Clements Stocker. They had four sons: John Clements Stocker (II), Henry Stocker, Anthony Eugene Stocker, and Louis Stocker. Anthony (b. 1819) married Jane Randolph and later served the Union during the Civil War as a surgeon. He died in 1897.

From the description of Louis de Tousard papers, 1765-1837. (Historical Society of Pennsylvania). WorldCat record id: 82883141

Louis de Tousard was born in France in 1749. He received a commission in the French Artillery Corps after studying at an artillery school, but resigned his commission to serve the colonists' cause during the American Revolution. He soon after secured a position on General George Washington's staff and enjoyed a successful career as an officer. He later served the French Army during the slave uprising in St. Domingue, and after retiring from the army in 1802, was appointed French vice-consul in Philadelphia (1805), and later was the consul to New Orleans. Tousard died in Paris in 1817.

In 1808 Louis de Tousard's daughter Caroline married John Clements Stocker. They had four sons: John Clements Stocker (II), Henry Stocker, Anthony Eugene Stocker, and Louis Stocker. Anthony (b. 1819) married Jane Randolph and later served the Union during the Civil War as a surgeon. He died in 1897.

From the description of Louis de Tousard papers, 1765-1888. (Historical Society of Pennsylvania). WorldCat record id: 62585929

Anne-Louis de Tousard was born in Paris, France, on March 12, 1749, the second son of French general Charles Germain de Tousard and his wife, Antoinette de Poitevin de la Croix. A 1765 graduate of the artillery school in Strasbourg, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the French Royal Artillery Corps. He resigned his commission in 1776 in order to enter into the American Revolution, and with the assistance of Caron de Beaumarchais, traveled to America where he received a position on Washington's staff in June 1777. He served with distinction during the War, first with Philippe Tronson De Coudray and later as an aide-de-camp to Lafayette. He lost his right arm in an attempt to seize cannon during the Battle of Rhode Island on August 29, 1778, and for his war time service, was granted a lieutenant colonelcy and a life pension by Congress.

In 1784, Tousard was commissioned lieutenant colonel in the Regiment du Cap, an elite French unit stationed in Saint Domingue (present-day Haiti). He soon purchased land for coffee cultivation in the districts of Vallière and Jérémie. On February 19, 1788, he married Marie-Reine St. Martin, née Joubert, (ca. 1765-1794), the widow of a Saint-Domingue planter. She had a young daughter, Martine (b. 1785). Together, Louis and Marie had two children: Caroline (b. 1788) and Laurette (b. 1791). Louis frequently traveled around the island with the regiment, leaving Marie to manage the plantations and slaves on her own. During the early stages of the Haitian Revolution, he led soldiers in the suppression of the slave rebellion in engagements at Port-Margot (September 1791) and Fort-Dauphin (November 1791). In 1792, Tousard protested the imprisonment of his commanding officer and was himself arrested and imprisoned in France in December 1792.

Tousard remained there until February 1793, when American diplomats negotiated for his release; he aided his case through the publication of a defense of his actions in Haiti, entitled Justification of Lewis Tousard . In April of that year, he settled with his wife and children in Wilmington, Delaware, where Marie died in July 1794. The next year, he married Anna Maria Geddes (b. 1775). Tousard soon secured a commission as Major of the 2nd Artillery, and helped plan and supervise the construction of fortifications at Fort Mifflin, Pennsylvania, and at West Point, New York. After the 2nd Artillery was disbanded in 1802, Tousard returned to civilian life and in 1805, was appointed French vice-consul in Philadelphia, later serving as consul at New Orleans (1811-1815). He returned to Paris a year before his death on March 4, 1817.

From the guide to the Anne-Louis de Tousard papers, Tousard, Anne-Louis de, papers, 1659-1932, 1777-1820, (William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan)