-Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico.
Variant namesHistory notes:
In March of 1848 unrest in Vienna, fermented by students and professionals and support from workers and peasants alike, erupted into revolution. Inspired by the revolution in France just one month before, Austrian subjects, residing mainly in Vienna, raised demands for trial by jury, freedom of the press, academic freedom, civil rights, abolition of religious discrimination, emancipation of peasants and a constitutional representative government
Freedom of the press was granted by the monarchy in mid-March and remained intact until November of the same year. At that time the revolution was suppressed by military action, not without some success in changing the Habsburg monarchy's leadership.
From the guide to the Austrian Revolutionary Broadsides and Pamphlets, 1848, (Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico.)
Irwin Beadle is credited with first conceiving the idea of printing entire novels, complete under one cover, to be sold for a dime, and to be issued in continuous series. In June 1860, Irwin P. Beadle & Co. released the first dime novel, Malaeska: The Indian Wife of the White Hunter, by Ann S. Stephens. Within a few months, the novel had sold 65,000 copies, virtually assuring the success of Beadle's dime novel venture. Over the years, competition in the industry developed, centered in New York City.
Though dime novels varied to some extent in format, the stories were nearly all alike. They were thrilling tales of adventure, history, love, war, and romance, which were set in America during the Revolution, Civil War, or frontier period. Melodramatic in style, they were replete with words of stirring action, inflated description, and padded prose. Sales of the affordable dime novel were phenomenal. During banner years, various firms were publishing as many as 101 different series concurrently, and some series ran to more than a thousand titles. Novels with initial printings of 60,000-70,000 often went through ten or twelve editions in a single year. Dime novels dominated the market until approximately 1895, when they began to be superseded by pulp magazines. Among the most famous dime novel authors are E.Z.C. Judson, Prentiss Ingraham, Edward L. Wheeler (creator of "Deadwood Dick"), and J. R. Coryell (creator of "Nick Carter").
From the guide to the Seder Dime Novel Collection, [ca. 1879-1912], (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres (Alliance of Free City-States) was an Albuquerque based organization whose primary purpose was to secure the restoration of land grants in New Mexico and the Southwest which were guaranteed by the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Other goals of the Alianza were to gain respect and recognition for the Spanish language and culture. Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres was formerly called Alianza Federal de las Mercedes (Federal Alliance of Land Grants). The name was changed to "emphasize the implications of the governmental characteristics of the community land grants under the Laws of the Indies as free city-states."
Reies Lopez Tijerina was the leader and founder of Alianza de Mercedes in the early 1960s. Initially, the composition of the group was primarily the landless, impoverished, aging, rural Spanish American immigrants living in the slums of Albuquerque and Santa Fe. By the mid 1960s, however, the membership had changed to include thousands of Spanish American small ranchers and village farmers, angered at the National Forest Service for forcing them to migrate or to seek employment outside of agriculture, and because they could not get a hearing from state or federal agencies. As members, they caused Alianza to become more militant.
Members of Alianza raided the courthouse at Tierra Amarilla on June 5, 1967. They intended to make a citizen's arrest of District Attorney Alfonso Sanchez, who had arrested Alianza members while they were trying to attend an Alianza meeting in Coyote, which Sanchez proclaimed was illegal. State Police Officer Nick Saiz and county jailer Eulogio Salazar were shot and wounded during the raid. Tijerina was acquitted in December 1968 of criminal charges filed against him as a result of the raid. Subsequently, he was tried and convicted on additional charges of assault and false imprisonment in November 1969. He entered state prison in June 1974, and was paroled in December 1974. In 1978, New Mexico Governor Jerry Apodoca granted Tijerina an executive pardon.
From the guide to the Alianza Federal de Pueblos Libres Collection, 1963-1997 (bulk 1967-1979), (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
The documents in this collection are information pamphlets that describe the activities and reports of the governing National Convention of the First French Republic, during the French Revolution (1793-1801). At that time, revolutionary leaders were attempting to implement the political infrastructure of the new Republic, draft a constitution, and ensure the Republic's viability and survival. Pamphlets such as these were used throughout the French Revolution as propaganda by the ruling executive to explain publicly the changes occurring in revolutionary France. The authors of these pamphlets were Parisian Republicans and most were members of the Republic's executive branch, the Committee of Public Safety.
From the guide to the French Revolutionary Pamphlets, 1792-1928, (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
The Constituation of the Sate of New Mexico, 1917.
The New Mexico Constitution Collection reflects at least four eras of New Mexican constitutional history. First, the collection contains one copy of the 1850 Constitution, which was drafted by New Mexico"s leaders in an attempt to gain Statehood at that time. Despite the support of a majority of New Mexico residents, Congress denied Statehood in 1850, in part, because of strong New Mexican opposition to slavery. The United States Congress passed instead what is known as the "1850 Compromise," a bill which created the Territory of New Mexico.
Second, documents in the collection pertain to the 1889 Constitution of New Mexico. This document was written by the New Mexican Territorial Government in another attempt to gain Statehood. Unlike the 1850 effort, however, the 1889 Constitution was rejected by New Mexico voters and never reached the U.S. Congress. The Constitution failed in New Mexico under Democratic Party pressure; Democrats disliked the Constitution"s provisions for secular schooling and limited taxation.
Next, there are copies of the Constitution drafted in 1910. This document eventually passed all votes necessary for New Mexico to become a state in 1912. The New Mexico Constitution was created through debate at a Constitutional Convention held between October 3 and November 21, 1910. Despite the political domination by Republican lawmakers at the Convention, the Constitution was approved first by Convention delegates and then overwhelmingly by the New Mexican electorate in January 1911. President Taft approved the Constitution on February 24, 1911 and this was followed by Congressional approval on March 1, 1911. A filibuster in the Senate concerning New Mexico"s articles of amendment, however, delayed passing of the Constitution at the Federal level until August 1911. New Mexico became a state on January 6, 1912.
Finally, some Constitutional documents in the collection relate to the era after Statehood. Included are numerous copies of amended Constitutions, reflecting changes to the Constitution between 1912 and 1969.
From the guide to the New Mexico Constitution Collection, 1886-1969, (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
Beginning in the late nineteenth-century with the works of Juventino Rosas, modern compositions in Mexico were almost exclusively written within the cultural "center" of Mexico City. While many of the famous works were often written by composers born in various regions outside the Federal District, for Mexican musicians to gain national as well as international notoriety, they needed to relocate to Mexico City. Due to the manner that "elite" culture functioned within Mexico, a significant number of the composers represented within this collection (and composers of this period in general) studied at the National Conservatory. During this period, modern European musical forms were merged with uniquely Mexican styles and instrumentation to create the syncretic styles of music represented within this collection.
Mexican composers often wrote both popular/folk music, as well as orchestral-style music. Miguel Lerdo de Tejada (1869-1941) is often considered the first musician to create a uniquely "Mexican" style of "elite" music. Composers and musicians such as Manuel Ponce and Ignacio Fernández Esperón continued in this vain. For a variety of reasons, including the fame of Diego Rivera and the Mexican Mural Movement, during the 1920s-1940s, Mexico was the global center of artistic production. As such, the musical development was recognized throughout the world for its advancements and creativity.
From the guide to the Mexican Sheet Music Collection, 1920-1936, (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
Arthur Loy, teacher and salesman, was born on May 2, 1914, in Tontagany, Ohio. He came to Albuquerque in 1930 and joined the Ilfeld Company as a salesman until 1937. After that time, Loy worked as a teacher in various Albuquerque High Schools.
In 1937, Albuquerque's Kimo Theater tried to put on a production of 'Tobacco Road,'a play based on a book by Erskine Caldwell and adapted for the stage by Jack Kirkland. The story is about rural life in the American south and contains various scenes and language that offended civic governments throughout the United States. It was banned in many jurisdictions.
As the controversy over the Albuquerque production grew, a debate raged in local papers concerning free speech. Included in this collection are letters condemning the play by Archbishop of Santa Fe, R.A. Gerken. Ultimately, the play was canceled before opening night by a city commission with the support of local clergy. The play's production company, however, instigated legal action to force the Kimo to honor its contract. By April 1936, Judge Fred Wilson reinstated the play and it was performed for New Mexico audiences.
From the guide to the Arthur Loy Clippings Regarding Tobacco Road, 1936, (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
To govern the territories of New Spain, Spain established the provincias internas -- political jurisdictions under military government in which military leadership was equal in power to the Viceroy of New Spain. Spain's rule over these provinces, however, was threatened by Native American tribes -- in particular, the Apaches -- whose skill in warfare surpassed the Spaniards'. The acquisition of horses and firearms by Native American tribes increased the threat they posed to Spanish domination. Because New Spain covered such a vast area, Spain was unable to send adequate numbers of military troops, and instead, established numerous military garrisons or presidios throughout this territory.
To measure the efficacy of these presidios and to determine if they were located in the most strategic spots, the Marquís de Rubí (the Marquis of Rubí), accompanied by Nicolás de Lafora (also known as de la Fora), Joseph (also known as José) Ramón de Urrutia y de las Casas, and Juan María Antonio Rivera (also known as Ribera) traveled to New Spain. Although one source identifies Nicolás Lafora as the soldier in charge of documenting the expedition, the records housed in this collection were written and signed by Juan María Antonio Rivera. Rivera's journal of the 1766-1768 inspection tour (as well as a journal of another expedition he undertook in 1765) sheds light upon the political, economic, and environmental conditions of this region at the time.
The Marquís de Rubí's tour resulted in the publication of a handbook for the proper operation of the presidios in 1772. This handbook delineated the assorted functions and duties of the presidios and established basic rules regarding salary, uniforms, etc. The Marquís de Rubí also proposed suggested moves for certain presidios, but many of these recommendations were not carried out.
From the guide to the Narratives and Handbook Pertaining to 18th Century New Mexico Presidios, 1765-1990 (bulk 1765-1795), (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
The Keresan people of Santo Domingo Pueblo are considered descendants of those peoples inhabiting the general region in the 1200s. The actual location of the lands occupied by the people now living in Santo Domingo has changed over time due to flooding. Santo Domingo replaced the pueblo's original name (Gipuy) in 1691 when Catholic missionaries renamed pueblo lands with saints' names. The Spanish land grant designating this pueblo's land (the land they already recognized as their own -- approximately 70,000 to 75,000 acres, according to different sources) was issued on September 20, 1689 by Governor Domingo Jironza Pétriz de Cruzate and its inhabitants were then considered wards of the Spanish Crown. In later years, an investigator for the Court of Private Land Claims found the Cruzate grants invalid and fraudulent on the basis of their having been countersigned by Don Pedro Ladrón de Guitara -- a name absent from the rosters of those serving as secretary of government and war during the Spanish period. The correct name of Governor Cruzate's secretary was Pedro Ortiz Niño de Guevara. The signatures on the grant document were found to be counterfeit and thought to have been signed in the mid-19th century. However, the United States Surveyor General, having done research based on Spanish grants and the testimony of the pueblos, approved the pueblo grants in 1856 and recommended (successfully) that Congress do the same. In 1858, President Lincoln issued patents to all the pueblos whose grants had been confirmed (including Santo Domingo Pueblo). The authentic documents and the spurious Cruzate grant papers designate the same portion of land also described by one of the documents in this collection. Numerous disputes regarding the borders and ownership of this grant land followed its designation, and some of these are reflected in the documents included in this collection. The disputes in question involve non-Indian encroachers as well as indefinite borders with the lands of other pueblos (San Felipe and Cochiti, in particular).
From the guide to the Santo Domingo Pueblo Documents, 1689-1907, (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
During the spring semester of 1990, University of New Mexico professors Felipe Gonzales (Sociology Department) and Christine Sierra (Political Science Department) jointly taught a class on political movements of the 1960's and 1970's. A specific emphasis of the course was the Chicano movement. The Chicano movement focused on social justice and economic and racial equality for Chicanos through education and political empowerment. Many Chicano scholars today were part of that movement during the 1960's and 70's.
From the guide to the University of New Mexico Faculty Involved in the Chicano Movement Oral History Project, 1990, (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
John R. Wunder calls the justice of the peace the "frontier community decision-maker." The legal system utilizing the justice of the peace, a civil officer exercising local judicial powers, began in England in 1327. With Territoriality, the justice of the peace was instituted in New Mexico replacing the Spanish legal system's alcalde.
Bernalillo County was one of the original 9 counties created by the territorial legislature in 1852. In 1889 it included parts of present day Sandoval, McKinley, Torrance, Guadalupe and Valencia Counties. According to the 1915 New Mexico Blue Book in 1890 the population of Bernalillo County was 20,913; it grew to 28,630 in 1900 and by 1910 there were 23,606 persons living in the county. Sandoval and Torrance Counties were created from Bernalillo County in 1903.
The New Mexico justices of the peace were required to hire teachers and monitor the attendance of children in the schools from November to April. They could administer oaths and affidavits and take depositions, complaints, summons, bonds and writs and inquire into and investigate the cause of the death of any human. They did not have jurisdiction over any matter of title or boundaries of land which could be in dispute or where the debt claimed exceeded $100.
From the guide to the Justices of the Peace Journal for Bernalillo County, N.M., 1889-1974 (bulk 1889-1903), (University of New Mexico. Center for Southwest Research.)
Links to collections
Comparison
This is only a preview comparison of Constellations. It will only exist until this window is closed.
- Added or updated
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Subjects:
- Theater
- Anti-fascist movements
- Apache Indians
- Book industries and trade
- Broadsides
- Broadsides
- Church and state
- Dime novels
- Documentary films
- Legal documents
- Film posters, American
- Governors
- Inheritance and succession
- Justices of the peace
- Land tenure
- Mexican American college students
- Mexican American literature (Spanish)
- Mexican Americans
- Popular music
- Navajo silverwork
- Prison films
- Prospecting
- Revolutionaries
- Statehood (American politics)
- Broadsides
Occupations:
Places:
- Santo Domingo Pueblo Grant (N.M.) (as recorded)
- Abiquiu (N.M.) (as recorded)
- U.S. (as recorded)
- Spain (as recorded)
- Zacatecas (Mexico : State) (as recorded)
- Latin America - Foreign relations - United States (as recorded)
- Sandoval County (N.M.) (as recorded)
- Mexico (as recorded)
- Mexico (as recorded)
- Mexico (as recorded)
- Tierra Amarilla (N.M.) (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- Southwest, New (as recorded)
- Santo Domingo Pueblo (N.M.) (as recorded)
- Latin America - Industries (as recorded)
- Taos Pueblo (N.M.) (as recorded)
- Bernalillo County (N.M.) (as recorded)
- Arizona (as recorded)
- Cuba (as recorded)
- Ohkay Owingeh (N.M.) (as recorded)
- Provincias Internas (New Spain) (as recorded)
- Austria (as recorded)
- Texas (as recorded)
- Vienna (Austria) (as recorded)
- Latin America - Social conditions - 20th century (as recorded)
- France (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
- Mexico (as recorded)
- New Mexico (as recorded)
