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Charles Oakson Matthews was born in Washington, D.C., in 1890. In 1917, Matthews enlisted in the District of Columbia National Guard. Matthews served as part of the Medical Corps that followed the frontline troops and was discharged 1919 at the rank of corporal. As a civilian, he was trained as a carpenter and in architectural draftsmanship. Matthews married Thelma Beall in 1920. He died in 1944 after a long bout of bad health cause by exposure to mustard gas. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Charles Oakson Matthews was born in Washington, D.C. on 15 November 1890. On 12 June 1917, Matthews and his brother Jim enlisted in the District of Columbia National Guard. Charlie served with the 165th Field Hospital, 177th Sanitary Train of the 42nd Division out of Camp Mills, Hempstead, New York (later called the "Rainbow" Division.) As part of the Medical Corps, Matthews followed the frontline troops, setting up field hospitals where needed. The 42nd Division moved to the front line in March 1918 and participated in six major campaigns. They held several key positions in France-such as the Lorraine, Champagne and the Marne-and in Germany during the occupation in late 1918-1919. Matthews discharged 14 May 1919 as a corporal.

As a civilian, he picked up his father's trade as a carpenter and received some training in architectural drafting. Matthews married Thelma Beall in 1920. In the 1930s he worked as a foreman with one of the contractors that built the Washington National Airport (now Reagan National Airport.) He also worked for the Army Corps of Engineers on the Coastal Foritification Project to repel possible enemy invasions during WWII. He had bad health ever since exposure to mustard gas in 1918. Matthews died in Washington, D.C. on 15 June 1944 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.