Terry, Luther L. (Luther Leonidas), 1911-1985

Luther Leonidas Terry was born on September 15, 1911 in Red Level, Alabama. He earned a B.S. degree at Birmingham Southern University in 1931, followed by an M.D. degree at Tulane University in 1935. In 1942, Terry joined the staff of the Public Health Service Hospital in Baltimore, becoming Chief of Medical Services there the following year. His interest in cardiovascular research led him to accept the position of chief of General Medicine and Experimental Therapeutics at the National Heart Institute in Bethesda in 1950, at first on a part-time basis while continuing his work at the Baltimore hospital. When the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center opened in 1953, Terry's Heart Institute program was moved to the new facility and he devoted his full time to the job. He also served as the first chairman of the Medical Board of the Clinical Center (1953-1955) and was concurrently instructor and then assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine from 1944 to 1961. In 1958, Terry became the assistant director of the National Heart Institute. He came to public prominence when President Kennedy selected him as Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, effective March 2, 1961. Terry established the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health, which he chaired, to produce a similar report for this country. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States, released on January 11, 1964, concluded that lung cancer and chronic bronchitis are causally related to cigarette smoking.

From the description of Luther L. Terry papers, 1957-1995 (bulk 1965-1983). (National Library of Medicine). WorldCat record id: 50155537

Luther L. Terry, 1911-1985, was Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service from March 2, 1961 to October 1, 1965.

From the description of Luther L. Terry correspondence, 1965. (National Library of Medicine). WorldCat record id: 14322114

From the guide to the Luther L. Terry Correspondence, 1965, (History of Medicine Division. National Library of Medicine)

Luther Leonidas Terry was born on 15 September 1911 in Red Level, Alabama. He received his B.S. degree from Birmingham-Southern College in 1931 and then entered Medical School at Tulane University. In 1940 he began teaching medicine at the University of Texas, Galveston. Four years later he joined the faculty of Johns Hopkins Medical School until 1961. During his stay in Baltimore Terry was a member of the staff of the United States Public Health Service Hospital and held various positions at the National Institutes of Health in the areas relating to cardiovascular research.

Terry was catapulted into the national prominence when President Kennedy appointed him Surgeon General in 1961. It was during his term that the first United States Public Health Service report on the correlation between smoking and lung cancer was issued. This had a profound effect upon Terry and his career. He chose to endorse the report and to champion the anti-smoking cause. Even after he left the post of Surgeon General in 1965, Dr. Terry continued to remain active in the anti-smoking campaign, particularly in the efforts to ban cigarette advertising on radio and television.

From 1965 to 1975, Dr. Terry was a member of the faculty of the Medical School at the University of Pennsylvania. For six of the years he was at the University, he served as the Vice President for Medical Affairs overseeing all the health sciences schools as well as the University and Graduate Hospitals. While at the University, Terry continued his interests in public health by helping to start the Department of Community Medicine.

Luther Terry retired from the University in 1982 and died in 1985.

From the description of Papers, 1926-1982 (bulk 1966-1972). (University of Pennsylvania). WorldCat record id: 145429189

Luther Leonidas Terry was born on September 15, 1911 in Red Level, Alabama. He earned a B.S. degree at Birmingham Southern University in 1931, followed by an M.D. degree at Tulane University in 1935. After interning at the Hillman Hospital in Birmingham and serving a residency in Cleveland Hospitals, Terry moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1938 for an internship in pathology. The following year, he became an instructor at that institution, and subsequently served as instructor and assistant professor of preventive medicine and public health at the University of Texas in Galveston from 1940 to 1942.

In 1942, Terry joined the staff of the Public Health Service Hospital in Baltimore, becoming Chief of Medical Services there the following year. His interest in cardiovascular research led him to accept the position of Chief of General Medicine and Experimental Therapeutics at the National Heart Institute in Bethesda in 1950, at first on a part-time basis while continuing his work at the Baltimore hospital. When the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center opened in 1953, Terry's Heart Institute program was moved to the new facility and he devoted his full time to the job. He also served as the first Chairman of the Medical Board of the Clinical Center (1953-1955) and was concurrently instructor and then assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine from 1944 to 1961. Terry and his team laid the foundations for what has been called the golden era of cardiovascular clinical investigation.

In 1958, Terry became the Assistant Director of the National Heart Institute. He came to public prominence when President Kennedy selected him as Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, effective March 2, 1961. Although there had long been an awareness that smoking might be detrimental to health, it was not until the 1950s that significant scientific evidence began to be published suggesting that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer and other diseases. At the end of the decade, the Royal College of Physicians in Britain appointed a committee to investigate the relationship between smoking and health. The committee's report, issued on March 7, 1962, clearly indicted cigarette smoking as a cause of lung cancer and bronchitis and argued that it probably contributed to cardiovascular disease as well.

Shortly after the release of this report, Terry established the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health, which he chaired, to produce a similar report for this country. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States, released on January 11, 1964, concluded that lung cancer and chronic bronchitis are causally related to cigarette smoking. The report also noted out that there was suggestive evidence, if not definite proof, for a causative role of smoking in other illnesses such as emphysema, cardiovascular disease, and various types of cancer. The committee concluded that cigarette smoking was a health hazard of sufficient importance to warrant appropriate remedial action.

The landmark Surgeon General's report on smoking and health stimulated a greatly increased concern about tobacco on the part of the American public and government policymakers and led to a broad-based anti-smoking campaign. It also motivated the tobacco industry to intensify its efforts to question the scientific evidence linking smoking and disease. The report was also responsible for the passage of the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965, which, among other things, mandated the familiar Surgeon General's health warnings on cigarette packages. Luther Terry himself continued to play a leading role in the campaign against smoking after leaving the post of Surgeon General, which he occupied through October 1, 1965. He chaired the National Interagency Council on Smoking and Health, a coalition of government agencies and non-government organizations, from 1967 to 1969, and served as a consultant to groups such as the American Cancer Society. Terry helped to obtain a ban on cigarette advertisements on radio and television in 1971. Late in his life he led the effort to eliminate smoking from the workplace.

When Terry retired from government service in 1965, he became Vice President for Medical Affairs, as well as Professor of Medicine and Community Medicine, at the University of Pennsylvania. Terry was responsible for managing the University's health sciences schools, comprising some 40 percent of the University's budget, until he gave up the position of Vice President in 1971. He retained his professorial appointment until 1975, when he became Adjunct Professor, and then in 1981 Emeritus Professor. From 1970 to 1983, he also served as President of University Associates, a nonprofit consulting firm based in Washington, D.C.

Terry's last years were spent as Corporate Vice President for Medical Affairs for ARA Services of Philadelphia (1980-1983) and then as a consultant. He died on March 29, 1985 in Philadelphia.

(excerpted from: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/history/bioterry.htm)

From the guide to the Luther L. Terry Papers, 1957-1995 (bulk 1965-1983), (History of Medicine Division. National Library of Medicine)