Autograph note signed : Montpelier, Va., to General [Simon] Bernard, n.p., 1831 Aug. 3.

Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834

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Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette was born at Chavaniac, Auvergne, in 1757, to an old, illustrious family of the provincial and military nobility. He lost both his parents early: his father was killed by the British at the Battle of Minden when Lafayette was two years old (1759), and when he was thirteen and attending the prestigious Collège de Plessis in Paris both his mother and grandfather died (1770). The latter's death left Lafayette with a si...

Bonaventure Lafayette Collection (University of Chicago)

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University of Chicago. Library. Special Collections Research Center

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University of Chicago. Library.

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George Musgrave Giger was classics professor at Princeton University, 1850-65. Francis Turretin (1623-1687) was a theologian. From the guide to the Microfilms of a Translation of Franois Turrettin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae, 20th century (copies of 19th century originals), (Bodleian Library, University of Oxford) ...

Bernard, Simon, 1779-1839

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Simon Bernard, a French military engineer, was born in 1779 and educated at the Ecole Polytechnique. He served in the French army of the Rhine as well as in northern Italy and was made a French captain in 1800. He became known to Napoleon and worked on military intelligence leading to the battle of Austerlitz. He was charged with designing fortifications of Antwerp and later served Napoleon directly. After Napoleon's fall, Bernard went to the United States (1816) and was given a position with ra...

Madison, James, 1751-1836

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James Madison (1751-1836) was the fourth president of the United States, born in Port Conway, Virginia. He was a member of the Virginia legislature from 1776 to 1780 and from 1784 to 1786, and the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1783. His proposals at and management of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 earned him title "father of the U.S. Constitution." He cooperated with Alexander Hamilton and Jay in writing a series of papers (pub. 1787-88 under title of The Federalist) explaining the ne...