Bauhaus

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Educational institution.

From the description of Photographs of Bauhaus students, teachers, and exhibits, 1919-1933. (Getty Research Institute). WorldCat record id: 81840731

From the description of Postcards about the Bauhaus, 1922-1926. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 78683279

The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by the architect Walter Gropius as a school of art, architecture, and crafts, with the focus on instruction in the unity between the fine and applied arts and integrating them with modern technology and human ingenuity. Gropius led the Bauhaus until 1928, when he named Hannes Meyer as his successor. Mies van der Rohe replaced Meyer in 1930. The Bauhaus began in Weimar, moved to Dessau in 1925, and closed in 1932. Attempts to revive the school were made in Berlin in 1933 and Chicago in 1937.

From the description of Bauhaus typography collection, 1919-1937. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 84944594

Biographical / Historical Note

The Bauhaus was known for its innovative teaching methods and new approach towards art, architecture, and crafts. It was founded in 1919 in Weimar with the city’s financial support. In 1928, due to loss of funding, it moved to Dessau where it remained in operation until 1932. The school reopened for a short time in Berlin, but was closed in 1933 by the newly formed Nazi government. László Moholy-Nagy attempted to revive Bauhaus teachings in Chicago in 1937.

Under its first director, the German architect Walter Gropius, new methods of instruction were developed at the Bauhaus based on the premise that art, crafts, and architecture must unite with technology and modern industry geared towards mass production, not only to meet the needs of society, but also to create and shape a new lifestyle. The ideas taught at the Bauhaus and the artistic output of its students and teachers contributed significantly to subsequent developments in architecture, art, industrial and interior design, graphic design and typography. Gropius led the Bauhaus until 1928. His successor was the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer, known for his new functionalist approach to architecture and political views leaning towards Communism. Under political pressure, Meyer was forced to resign in 1930. He was replaced by the German architect Mies van der Rohe.

During the Weimar years typography increasingly gained prominence in the work of the Bauhaus teacher László Moholy-Nagy and his student, the graphic designer Herbert Bayer, but a formal workshop for typography was not part of the Bauhaus until 1925. After the school’s relocation to Dessau, under Bayer’s charge, the newly installed workshop developed into a professional studio for graphic design and commercial art. The study of the communicative potential of letterforms and typographic layout was part of a basic curriculum in the mechanics of visual education. Such innovations as the elimination of capital letters, and the replacement of the archaic Gothic alphabet used in German printing by a modern “cosmopolitan” font, and the concept of composition based on strong geometrical elements and expressive values of colors, testify to a move away from individually handcrafted and traditionally shaped goods towards objects meeting functional requirements suitable for mass production. In this regard, what became known as Bauhaus typography was also part of the social and political reform taking place at the school.

From the guide to the Bauhaus typography collection, 1919-1937, undated, (The Getty Research Institute)

Archival Resources
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Papers, 1921-1969, (bulk 1938-1969) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Collection, 1880-1980 (bulk). Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University Art Museums
referencedIn Wiessner, Georg Gustav, 1893-. Correspondence, 1930-1957. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Albers, Anni. Assorted papers relating to Bauhaus designers, 1919-1984. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Stölzl, Gunta, 1897-1983. Textile designs, ca. 1923-1927. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Feininger, Lyonel, 1871-1956. Lyonel Feininger photographs, 1896-1942. Houghton Library
referencedIn Schreyer, Lothar, 1886-1966. Watercolor paintings, 1921-1922. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Vaittinen, Elina. DuPont Benedictus Awards : competition documents, 1994. Centre canadien d'architecture, | Canadian Centre for Architecture | CCA
referencedIn Hubbuch, Karl, 1891-1979. Ink drawing, ca. 1930. Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Bauhaus. Postcards about the Bauhaus, 1922-1926. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn El Lissitzky letters and photographs, 1911-1941 Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Marcks, Gerhard. Das Wielandslied der aelteren Edda (portfolio of woodcuts and text), 1923. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Tschichold, Jan, 1902-1974. Jan and Edith Tschichold papers, 1899-1979 (bulk 1920-1938). Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Baumeister, Willi, 1889-1955. Aus den Studien-Jahren und das Verhältnis zu Adolf Hölzel (autobiographical essay), 1949. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Cetto, Max, 1903-1980. Papers, 1925-1970. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Bauhaus : postage stamp set, 1980 Centre canadien d'architecture, | Canadian Centre for Architecture | CCA
referencedIn Photographs of pottery produced at the Bauhaus workshop, Dornburg, 1919-1926. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Albers, Josef. Letter : to Ursula Weiss, 1932. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Richard E. Filipowski papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Albers, Josef. Josef Albers papers, 1899-1973 (inclusive), 1934-1973 (bulk). Yale University Library
referencedIn Both, Katt. Two sheets from the Bauhaus prospectus for wooden furniture, [1926-1927]. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.). Bauhaus, 1919-1928. 1938-1939 : Archives pamphlet file : miscellaneous uncataloged material. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas J. Watson Library
referencedIn Werkstätten der Stadt Halle. Photographs of light fixtures, utensils, glassware, pottery, etc., manufactured by the workshop at Giebichenstein, ca. 1925. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Rosen, Israel. Israel Rosen Collection, 1968-1988. Johns Hopkins University, Sheridan Libraries and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library
creatorOf Bauhaus. Correspondence with Carl Zigrosser, 1923-1927. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Van Pelt Library
referencedIn Giegold-Schilling, Annemarie. Photographs of Otto Lindig and the pottery workshop at Dornburg, 1938. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Walter and Ise Gropius papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Rading, Adolf, 1888-1957. Designs for the Rabe house, 1928. Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Bauhaus. Bauhaus. School of The Art Institute of Chicago, John M Flaxman Library
referencedIn Assorted papers relating to Bauhaus designers, 1919-1984 Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Busch-Reisinger Museum collection of Bauhaus materials, 1919-1955 (bulk). Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University Art Museums
referencedIn Bayer, Herbert, 1900-1985. 50 Jahre Bauhaus poster [art original]. Denver Public Library, Central Library
referencedIn Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946. Notes on history of photography on Institute of Design letterhead László Moholy-Nagy Handwritten notes on Institute of Design letterhead 1946. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston - Hirsch Library, Hirsch Library
referencedIn Schlemmer, Oskar, 1888-1943. Journal, 1928-1943. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Letters and manuscript writings, 1918-1963. Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Bauhaus student work, 1919-1933 Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Schrammen, Eberhard, 1886-1947. Letters received, 1926-1947. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Wassily Kandinsky papers, 1911-1940, 1921-1937 Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Bauhaus. Wallpaper samples, n.d. Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Dicker, Friedl, 1899-1944. Bauhaus drawings and prints by Friedl Dicker. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Walter Gropius papers in the Bauhaus-Archiv, ca. 1919-1937. Houghton Library
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Walter Gropius papers, 1925-1969 (inclusive), 1937-1969 (bulk). Houghton Library
referencedIn Hassenpflug, Gustav, 1907-1977. Papers, ca. 1928-1963. Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Bauhaus. Correspondence, 1923-1933. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Schmidt, Joost, 1893-1948. Papers, 1926-1967. Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. [Miscellaneous periodical clippings, ca. 1920-1960.] Harvard University, Frances Loeb Library
referencedIn Anni Albers papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Bauhaus : postage stamp set, 1980 Centre canadien d'architecture, | Canadian Centre for Architecture | CCA
referencedIn Stam-Beese, Lotte, 1903-1988. Correspondence with Hannes Meyer, 1928-1932. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Frans Wildenhain papers Archives of American Art
creatorOf Pearlman, Judith. Interviews with Bauhaus masters and students, 1980-1985. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Walter Groupius papers in the Bauhaus-Archiv, ca. 1919-1937. Houghton Library
referencedIn Harvard Society for Contemporary Art. Records of the Harvard Society for Contemporary Art, 1929-1936. Harvard University Archives.
referencedIn Newspaper clippings relating to the Bauhaus, ca. 1920-1932. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Josef Albers papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Bauhaus student work, 1919-1933 Getty Research Institute
creatorOf Bauhaus. Photographs of Bauhaus students, teachers, and exhibits, 1919-1933. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Kandinsky, Wassily, 1866-1944. Wassily Kandinsky papers, 1911-1940 (bulk 1921-1937). Getty Research Institute
referencedIn [Werner Drewes video interview] [videorecording] / Greater Reston Art Center ; interviewer, Ann Thomas Archives of American Art
creatorOf Bauhaus typography collection, 1919-1937, undated Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Josef Albers papers, 1899-1973 Yale University. Department of Manuscripts and Archives
referencedIn Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946. László Moholy-Nagy records undated, 1934-1946. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston - Hirsch Library, Hirsch Library
referencedIn Giegold-Schilling, Annemarie. Furniture designed by Erich Dieckmann. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946. Letters, 1924-1938. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Pilkington Deutschland. Future Bauhaus : competition documents, 1992-1993. Centre canadien d'architecture, | Canadian Centre for Architecture | CCA
referencedIn Bayer, Herbert, 1900-1985. Studies for a colophon, 1925. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Papers, 1925-1969 (bulk: 1937-1969) Houghton Library
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Additional papers, 1908-1937 and undated. Houghton Library
referencedIn Müller-Wulckow, Walter, 1886-1964. Walter Müller-Wulckow papers, 1918-1935. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Beckmann, Hannes, 1909-1977. Papers, 1928-1977. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. Photographs of architecture. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946. Annotated proof of Why Bauhaus education? László Moholy-Nagy 1938 March. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston - Hirsch Library, Hirsch Library
referencedIn Bartning, Otto, 1883-1959. Architectural photographs, ca. 1910-1966. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946. Partial draft of introduction to the revised and enlarged edition of The new vision : fundamentals of design, painting, sculpture, architecture László Moholy-Nagy typewritten draft with handwritten revisions circa 1938. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston - Hirsch Library, Hirsch Library
referencedIn Hilla Rebay papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Marcel Breuer papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Pilkington Deutschland. Future Bauhaus : competition documents, 1992-1993. Centre canadien d'architecture, | Canadian Centre for Architecture | CCA
referencedIn Bergmann-Michel, Ella, 1896-1972. Papers of Ella Bergmann-Michel and Robert Michel, ca. 1922-1971. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Bayer, Herbert, 1900-1985. Schwebende plastik [art original]. Denver Public Library, Central Library
referencedIn Anni Albers papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Meyer, Hannes, 1889-1954. Letters received, 1930-1951. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Jan and Edith Tschichold papers, 1899-1979, 1920-1938 Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Gropius, Ise. Ilse Gropius Correspondence, 1940-1974. Columbia University, Avery Library of Architecture
referencedIn Kitty C. L. Fischer papers relating to Frans Wildenhain Archives of American Art
referencedIn Lissitzky, El, 1890-1941. El Lissitzky letters and photographs, 1911-1941. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Hilberseimer, Ludwig. Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer papers, ca. 1885-1995. Aurora University, Phillips Library
referencedIn Comeriner, Erich. Photograph, n.d. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 1886-1969. Papers, 1907-1974, 1907-1969 (bulk). Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)
creatorOf Bauhaus typography collection, 1919-1937, undated Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Feininger, Lyonel, 1871-1956. Papers, 1883-1960. Houghton Library
referencedIn Bauhaus : vertical file. Centre canadien d'architecture, | Canadian Centre for Architecture | CCA
referencedIn Jürgen Holstein Antiquariat. Bibliographic records, ca. 1975-1980. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Bayer, Irene. Photographs of Bauhaus faculty and students, ca. 1928-ca. 1934. Getty Research Institute
referencedIn Reginald R. Isaacs papers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Harvard Art Museum. Exhibition Records, 1905-2008 Harvard Art Museums. Archives
referencedIn Howard Dearstyne Papers, 1911-1986, (bulk 1953-1971) Library of Congress. Manuscript Division
Role Title Holding Repository
referencedIn Oral history interview with Marguerite Wildenhain Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with Herbert Bayer Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with Josef Albers Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with George Rickey Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with Herbert Bayer Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with T. Lux Feininger Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with George Rickey Archives of American Art
referencedIn Oral history interview with Anni Albers Archives of American Art
Relation Name
associatedWith Aichinger, Franz. person
associatedWith Alber, Annie person
associatedWith Albers, Anni. person
associatedWith Albers, Josef person
associatedWith Albers, Josef. person
associatedWith Arend, Herbert. person
associatedWith Balzer, Gert. person
associatedWith Barhelfer, Moses. person
associatedWith Baschant, Rudolf, 1897-1955. person
associatedWith Baumeister, Willi, 1889-1955. person
associatedWith Bayer, Herbert, 1900- person
associatedWith Bayer, Herbert, 1900-1985. person
associatedWith Bayer, Irene. person
associatedWith Beckmann, Hannes, 1909-1977. person
associatedWith Beese, Lotte, d. 1989. person
associatedWith Beindorf, Fritz. person
associatedWith Berger, Liz. person
associatedWith Berger, Otti. person
associatedWith Bergmann-Michel, Ella, 1896-1972. person
associatedWith Beyer, Liz Volger. person
associatedWith Bill, Max, 1908-1994. person
associatedWith Bormann, Heinrich. person
associatedWith Both, Katt. person
associatedWith Brandt, Marianne. person
associatedWith Bredendieck, Hinrich. person
associatedWith Brendel, Erich. person
associatedWith Breuer, Marcel, 1902- person
associatedWith Buscher, Alma. person
associatedWith Cetto, Max, 1903-1980. person
associatedWith Cieluszek, Karl. person
associatedWith Comeriner, Erich person
associatedWith Comeriner, Erich. person
associatedWith Consemüller, Erich, 1902-1957. person
associatedWith Cortpluzzi, Alfredo. person
associatedWith Dearstyne, Howard. person
associatedWith Dearstyne, Howard. person
associatedWith Dell, Christian. person
associatedWith Dexel, Walter, 1890-1973, person
associatedWith Dicker, Friedl, 1899-1944. person
associatedWith Dieckmann, Erich. person
associatedWith Dolcker, Richard. person
associatedWith Drewes, Werner, 1899-1985. person
associatedWith Dürckheim, Karlfried, Graf, 1896-1988. person
associatedWith Ehrhardt, Alfred. person
associatedWith Ehrlich, Franz. person
associatedWith Ehrlich, Franz, 1907-1984. person
associatedWith Ernst-Ernst. person
associatedWith Feininger, Lyonel, 1871-1956. person
associatedWith Feininger, T. Lux person
associatedWith Filipowski, Richard E., 1923- person
associatedWith Finsterlin, Hermann, 1887-1973. person
associatedWith Fischer, Kitty C. L. person
associatedWith Frank, Josef, 1885-1967. person
associatedWith Ganter, Josef. person
associatedWith Gerson, Lotte. person
associatedWith Getty Research Institute corporateBody
associatedWith Giegold-Schilling, Annemarie. person
associatedWith Gilles, Werner, 1894-1961. person
associatedWith Gropius, Ise. person
correspondedWith Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969 person
associatedWith Gropius, Walter, 1883-1969. person
associatedWith Guévrékian, Gabriel, 1900-1970. person
associatedWith Häberer, Paul, 1902- person
associatedWith Hartmann, Georg. person
associatedWith Hartogh, Rudolf Franz, 1889-1960. person
associatedWith Hartwig, Josef, 1880-1955. person
associatedWith Harvard Art Museum Archives corporateBody
associatedWith Harvard Society for Contemporary Art. corporateBody
associatedWith Hassenpflug, Gustav, 1907-1977. person
associatedWith Haupt, Hermann. person
associatedWith Haupt, Karl Hermann. person
associatedWith Heimann, Mali. person
associatedWith Helm, Dörte, 1898-1941. person
associatedWith Henneberger, Elisabeth. person
associatedWith Hilberseimer, Ludwig. person
associatedWith Hirschfeld-Mack, Ludwig. person
associatedWith Hoffman, Hubert. person
associatedWith Hölzel, Adolf, 1853-1934. person
associatedWith Hubbuch, Hilde. person
associatedWith Hubbuch, Karl, 1891-1979. person
associatedWith Isaacs, Reginald R., 1911- person
associatedWith Itten, Johannes, 1888-1967. person
associatedWith Jürgen Holstein Antiquariat. corporateBody
associatedWith Justi, Ludwig, b. 1876. person
associatedWith Kaminski, Walter. person
associatedWith Kampt, K. H. person
associatedWith Kandinsky, Wassily, 1866-1944. person
associatedWith Kessinger, Friedly. person
associatedWith Klee, Paul, 1879-1940. person
associatedWith Klemm, Walther, 1883-1957. person
associatedWith Knoblauch, Hansgeorg. person
associatedWith Körte, Hugo. person
associatedWith Koster, Arthur. person
associatedWith Kreis der Freunde des Bauhauses. corporateBody
associatedWith Kuhr, Fritz. person
associatedWith Lafeldt, Fritz. person
associatedWith Lang, Lothar. person
associatedWith Leirer, Sepp. person
associatedWith Leischner, Margret. person
associatedWith Lindig, Otto, 1895-1966. person
associatedWith Lissitzky, El, 1890-1941. person
associatedWith Loew, Heinz person
associatedWith Loew, Heinz. person
associatedWith Loew, Heinz. person
associatedWith Manuckiam, Myriam Marie-Louise. person
associatedWith Marcks, Gerhard. person
associatedWith Marx, Gerda. person
associatedWith Meyer-Bergner, Lena. person
associatedWith Meyer, Hannes, 1889-1954. person
associatedWith Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 1886-1969. person
associatedWith Moholy, Lucia. person
associatedWith Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946. person
associatedWith Molnár, Farkas, 1897-1945. person
associatedWith Mrozek, Erich. person
associatedWith Muche, Georg, 1895-1987. person
associatedWith Müller-Wulckow, Walter, 1886-1964. person
associatedWith Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.) corporateBody
associatedWith Ortner, Rudolf, 1912- person
associatedWith Oud, J. J. P. 1890-1963. person
associatedWith Pearlman, Judith. person
associatedWith Preiswerk, Gertrud. person
associatedWith Przyrembel, Hans. person
associatedWith Radach, Stups. person
associatedWith Rading, Adolf, 1888-1957. person
associatedWith Rantzsch, Hilde. person
associatedWith Rebay, Hilla, 1890-1967. person
associatedWith Reichhardt, Grete. person
associatedWith Reindl-Liehnert, Hilde. person
associatedWith Reindl, Paul. person
associatedWith Renger-Patzsch, Albert. person
associatedWith Rickey, George person
associatedWith Rittweger, Otto. person
associatedWith Rose, Hajo. person
associatedWith Rosen, Israel. person
associatedWith Rubinstein, Naftaly. person
associatedWith Rudelt, Alcar. person
associatedWith Schawinsky, Alexander. person
associatedWith Schawinsky, Xanti, 1904- person
associatedWith Schawinsky, Xanti, 1904-1979. person
associatedWith Scheerbart, Yvon. person
associatedWith Schlemmer, Carl. person
associatedWith Schlemmer, Oskar, 1888-1943. person
associatedWith Schlemmer, Tut. person
associatedWith Schmidt, Joost, 1893-1948. person
associatedWith Schmidt, Kurt, 1901- person
associatedWith Schrammen, Eberhard, 1886-1947. person
associatedWith Schreiber, Fritz, b. 1892. person
associatedWith Schreyer, Lothar, 1886-1966. person
associatedWith Schwollmann, Immeke. person
associatedWith Sharon, Aryeh, 1900-1984. person
associatedWith Stam-Beese, Lotte, 1903-1988. person
associatedWith Stam, Mart, 1899-1986. person
associatedWith Stölzl, Gunta, 1897-1983. person
associatedWith Stölzl, Gunta, 1897-1983. person
associatedWith Stolzl-Sharon, Gunta. person
associatedWith Studio Z (Firm) corporateBody
associatedWith Studio Z (Firm) corporateBody
associatedWith Teltschner, Georg, 1904-1983. person
associatedWith Tolziner, Philipp. person
associatedWith Trinkhaus, Hermann. person
associatedWith Tschichold, Edith person
associatedWith Tschichold, Jan, 1902-1974. person
associatedWith Voigt, Ilse. person
associatedWith Wagenfeld, Wilhelm. person
associatedWith Weber, Vincent, 1902-1990. person
associatedWith Weiss, Gertrude. person
associatedWith Weiss, Ursula. person
associatedWith Werkstätten der Stadt Halle. corporateBody
associatedWith Wiessner, Georg Gustav, 1893- person
associatedWith Wildenhain, Frans, 1905-1980. person
associatedWith Wildenhain, Marguerite person
associatedWith Willers, Margarete. person
associatedWith Winter, Fritz, 1905-1976. person
Place Name Admin Code Country
Germany
Germany
Germany
Germany
Germany
Subject
Printing
Printing
Anatomy, Artistic
Architectural photography
Architecture
Architecture
Architecture, German
Art
Art
Art, German
Art schools
Calligraphy, German
Color in art
Drawing, German
Furniture design
Furniture design
Furniture design
Graphic arts
Graphic arts
Graphic design (Typography)
Graphic design (Typography)
National socialism and art
Photography
Posters
Pottery, German
Wallpaper
Occupation
Activity

Corporate Body

Active 1919

Active 1933

Germans

German

Information

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Ark ID: w6z1427b

SNAC ID: 88067776