Eells, Cushing, 1810-1893

Reverend Cushing Eells, pioneer missionary and teacher, came west in 1838 with the American Fur Company and served in Spokane. After the Whitman Massacre (1847), he moved to Salem, Oregon where he taught in Oregon until 1860. He eventually returned to Walla Walla to promote the Whitman Seminary.

From the description of Letters, 1843-1859. (Oregon Historical Society Research Library). WorldCat record id: 31370814

Reverend Cushing Eells (1810-1893), crossed the Plains in 1838 with Elkanah Walker and their wives, to join Whitman and Spalding in the Oregon Mission. After the massacre he settled in Forest Grove and in 1860 moved to Walla Walla, where he founded Whitman Seminary.

From the description of Letter: to his son, Myron Eells /by Cushing Eells, 1888 Jul 16. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702127610

Reverend Cushing Eells, pioneer missionary and teacher, was born on February 16, 1810 in Blandford, Massachusetts. In 1838, following his ordination, Eells traveled overland to Walla Walla with his new bride, Myra Fairbanks. The Eellses served at the Spokane Mission until the Whitman Massacre in 1847, when they moved to Salem. From 1848 to 1860, Cushing held a number of teaching positions, including stints at Oregon Institute (Salem), Tualatin Academy (Forest Grove), and Washington Select School (Hillsboro). In 1860, Cushing and Myra Eells returned to Walla Walla to promote the Whitman Seminary and Cushing served as one of its trustees. His last years were spent ministering at the Spokane Mission. Cushing Eells died on February 26, 1893. Cushing and Myra Eells had two sons, Myron and Edwin.

From the description of Papers, 1838-1883. (Oregon Historical Society Research Library). WorldCat record id: 32315766

Cushing Eells was born at Blandford, Massachusetts, on February 16, 1810. He was the son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Warner) Eells. Cushing Eells graduated from Williams College in 1834. He later entered East Windsor Theological Institute in Connecticut and graduated in 1837. Rev. Cushing Eells was licensed to preach December 14, 1836, and was ordained a year late as a Congregational Missionary to the Zulus in Africa, but the planned voyage there was affected by a war between the Zulu tribes, so the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions instead sent him to the Oregon Territory.

Eells married Myra Fairbanks (daughter of Deacon Joshua and Mrs. Sally H. Fairbanks) on March 5, 1838, in Massachusetts. The Eells headed west the very next day to be missionaries to the Indians of old Oregon. Accompanying them were Elkanah and Mary (Richardson) Walker, William H. and Mary A. (Dix) Gray, and Rev. Asa B. and Sarah Gilbert (White) Smith. Two years prior, Marcus and Narcissa (Prentiss) Whitman and Henry and Eliza (Hart) Spalding, along with several others, had made the same journey. The Eells, Walkers, and Smiths arrived at the Cayuse winter lodge site of Waiilatpu along the Walla Walla River, which became the Whitman Mission, on August 29, 1838. Soon after, each family established their own mission, with Cushing and Myra Eells settling among the Spokane Indians at Tshimakain with the Walkers. A fire destroyed this first mission at Tshimakain, yet the Eells stayed in the area.

The deaths of the Whitmans and others at Waiilaptu in 1847 and the ensuing Northwest Indian Wars signified the end of the missionary efforts of the ABCFM by 1850. The Eells and Walkers were moved from Tshimakain under military escort to Oregon, and the Eells settled in Forest Grove for the next 14 years. In that time Cushing Eells taught at various schools in the Tualatin Plains, including the Oregon Institute, now Willamette University. He also instituted the Tualatin Academy, now Pacific University, in 1849. In 1859, the “upper country” that had been closed during the Indian Wars was re-opened, and Cushing soon headed to the Walla Walla Valley.

There Eells decided to build a school in memory of Marcus and Narcissa Whitman. The first classes were held in December 1859, at Waiilatpu. The actual seminary was constructed later in the nearby town of Walla Walla. During the summer of 1866, the first building of the Whitman Seminary was erected on a site purchased by Dr. Dorsey Syng Baker. The seminary opened the same year on September 14. For the first two years, Eells was the principal, though Rev. P.B. Chamberlain was first intended for the position. Eells simultaneously served as superintendent of schools for Walla Walla County. For several years, he traveled the Washington Territory, founding Congregational churches and schools and raising money for the seminary. The Washington Territorial Legislature, which had granted a charter to Whitman Seminary on December 20, 1859, issued a new charter on November 28, 1883, and changed it to Whitman College. Until an endowment allowed the college to be financially secure and survive, Eells made efforts to keep it alive, giving it 10,000 dollars during his life. He also willed a great portion of his property to Whitman College. Despite the financial and enrollment problems in the beginning, Eells’ Whitman memorial – a small, provincial seminary – transformed itself over the years into a reputable secular college.

Until his last days, Eells continued to do missionary work and was actively involved with Whitman College. He died in Tacoma, February 16, 1893, at age 83, after having served 55 of his years as a missionary.

From the guide to the Cushing Eells Collection, 1821-1979, 1838-1894, (Whitman College and Northwest Archives)