The first unit of United States Zouave Cadets was organized by Elmer Ephraim Ellsworth in Chicago in the late 1850s. The Zouaves trained in the French military style and Ellsworth's Cadets traveled through the eastern United States competing in drill competitions, leading to the "Zouave Craze" and the creation of Zouave militias throughout the United States. The Ellsworth Zouave Cadets of San Francisco were organized in 1864.
From the description of The constitution and by-laws of the Ellsworth Zouave Cadets of San Francisco, Calif., organized 1864, 1864-1866. (Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens). WorldCat record id: 662490435