W. C. Brown

Distinguished military officer, inventor and historical researcher were all embodied in the person of William Carey Brown. General Brown never married, and there is no indication that he ever allowed anything to interfere with historical devotion to service of his country.

Brown's experience with Indian wars began at the age of 8 when his family became fugitives in Minnesota during the Sioux uprising in 1862. His father, Garretson Addison Brown and mother, Susan (Carey) Brown, had migrated to Traverse des Sioux, Nicollet County, Minnesota, from Ohio, in 1853, where he established a store and engaged in mercantile business until 1857 when he went in to the livestock business. He was for a short while the postmaster and a probate judge.

It was from Nicollet County that William Brown was appointed to West Point in 1873. Four years later he completed his course at the military academy with honors and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the First Cavalry. In 1878 he saw service against the Bannock Indians in Oregon, and the following year he took part in an expedition against the Sheep-eater Indians at Big Creek, Idaho, of which he subsequently wrote the history. Brown was brevetted a first lieutenant for conspicuous gallantry in action (1879). Shortly after, he was sent to the Infantry and Cavalry School and was subsequently appointed the Adjutant at West Point (1885-1890).

Brown was ordered to the Dakota frontier where he rejoined the First Cavalry in time to participate in the campaign of 1890-1891 when the Sioux went on the warpath in the dead of winter. However, Brown was not to see action in any fighting during this period. In 1891, Colonel J. C. Bates, commanding, Fort Assinniboine, requested Brown to prepare a party to reconnoiter and map the St. Mary's Lakes region which he did with efficiency and skill. Years later this area was preserved by the government as Glacier Lake National Park, much to Brown's proud satisfaction.

Soon after, he declined an appointment as acting Indian agent for the Navajos in Arizona and, in 1894-1895, toured Europe as a military observer. He was promoted to captain in 1896, and when this country went to war with Spain in 1898, he commanded Troop E, First Cavalry. For gallantry in action at Santiago, Brown was awarded the War Department Commendation and the Silver Star. His troop was one of those which charged a t San Juan Kill and it was at this time he made the acquaintance of Theodore Roosevelt, forming a friendship which endured until the latter's death.

On August 17, 1899, Brown was commissioned a major in the 45th Infantry, U.S. Volunteers, which saw active service in the Philippines. This action attracted the attention of his superiors and he was twice recommended for promotion to lieutenant colonel. In one battle he had an encounter with the notorious bandit Lt. Colonel Tomas Tagunton and succeeded in killing him.

His journey home took him through China, Japan, Manchuria and through Russia. Reports of his observations were filed with the general staff upon return. After this period in the Far East, he took command at Fort Clark, Texas, in 1904, to conduct experimental firing tests and obtain data pertinent to the Springfield rifle. Brown devised an automatic correction "drift" on the rear sight of the rifle that increased the efficiency in later marksmanship of the A.E.F. He next traveled to Australia to report on the feasibility of buying horses for use in the Philippines (1906) and was later to return to Australia for nine months to buy the mounts.

In March, 1914, Brown was promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned the command of the 10th Cavalry during the siege of Naco, Arizona (1914). When General John Pershing's punitive expedition was sent in to Mexico in 1916, Brown commanded an independent cavalry column and, in an engagement at Aguas Calientes, defeated and dispersed Beltran's band of Mexicans. The following year when the United States became involved in World War I, Brown was sent to France with the Rainbow Division. For his service abroad he was cited by General Pershing and awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. Brown retired for age, December 19, 1918, after 41 years of active commissioned service. For more than a year after his retirement he assisted in the Quartermaster General's Office in Washington, D.C., in an advisory capacity in matters pertaining to Emergency Rations and in the development of New Reserve Rations f o r the army.

During his retirement, he engaged in historical research and writing, about the Indian wars. He was active in promoting congressional legislation for benefits to retired military personnel and was personally successful in winning congressional appointment as Brigadier General, U.S.A., Retired.

General Brown took an active part in the improvement of army equipment and held several patents for his inventions. Many of these devices were adopted by the War Department.

He belonged to numerous professional organizations and maintained an active, productive life until his death on May 8, 1939, at his home in Denver, Colorado.

• 1854: Born in Traverse des Sioux, Nicollet County, Minnesota.
• 1877: 1877 Graduated from U. S. Military Academy at West Point. Assigned to frontier posts in Washington, Oregon and Idaho.
• 1878: 1878 Bannock Campaign.
• 1879: 1879 Sheepeater Campaign.
• 1883: Infantry & Cavalry School, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas.
• 1885 - 1890 : Adjutant at U. S. Military Academy at West Point.
• 1890 - 1891 : Sioux Indian Campaign. Breveted 1st Lt. for gallant service at Big Creek, Idaho. Reconnoitered and mapped country northwest of St. Mary's Lakes, Montana.
• 1892 - 1893 : Charged with survey of Navajo Indian reservation.
• 1893: Duty at the World's Columbian Exposition.
• 1897: 1897 Conducted field tests of emergency rations for the army.
• 1898: 1898 Spanish-American War, Santiago Campaign, Cuba. Awarded S. S. for gallantry in action. Breveted Major for gallantry in battle of Santiago.
• 1899: Assisted in organization of the 42d U. S. Volunteer Infantry Shipped with 42d to Manila, Philippine Islands.
• 1900 - 1901 : Philippine Insurrection. Inspector General of 4th District of Northern Luzon. Action at Santa Cruz and at Malimba River. Killed the bandit Thomas Tagunton.
• 1901: Mustered out of Volunteer Service. Appointed R. Q. M. of 1st Cavalry and Post Quartermaster at Batangas.
• 1903: Returned to U. S. via China, Japan, Manchuria and Russia. Adjutant General of 1st Brigade maneuvers, West Point, Kentucky. Umpire and inspector general of the maneuver division.
• 1904: Ft. Clark, Texas, to conduct sight corrections on the Springfield rifle. Sailed with his regiment for the Philippines.
• 1906: Traveled to Australia to investigate the feasibility of securing horses.
• 1907 - 1908 : Purchased 600 horses for the cavalry in the Philippines.
• 1909 - 1910 : Returned to U. S. via Suez, traveling on duty status in Java and India. Attended Army War College.
• 1910 - 1911 : Toured Central and South America.
• 1912 - 1914 : Acting Inspector General. Commander of the 10th U. S. Cavalry at siege of Naco, Arizona.
• 1916: Mexican Punitive Expedition. Prepared War Department report on mobilization of the national guard.
• 1917: President of the Cantonment Site Board, Eastern Department.
• 1917 - 1918 : Served with the 42d Division, Inspector Quartermaster Corps, A. E. F. in France. Awarded D. S. M. Retired for age with 41 years of commissioned service.
• 1919 - 1923 : Volunteer advisory service in Washington, D. C, in matters of Emergency Rations and in the development of New Reserve Rations for the army. Engaged in historical research and writing. Congressional lobby efforts for retired veterans' benefits.
• 1927: Appointed Brigadier General, U. S. A., Retired.
• 1939: Died in Denver, Colorado, on May 8.

From the guide to the William Carey Brown Papers, 1854-1938, (University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries. Archives Dept.)