Penrose, Stephen B. L. (Stephen Beasley Linnard), 1908-1954

The following edited excerpts are from the October, 1991 essay "Stephen B.L. Penrose, Jr.: A Biographical Tribute" by Frances Copeland Stickles and from the introduction to the 1993 publication of this collection by Lawrence L. Dodd.

Full text of the 1993 printed guide

Much of the work of Stephen B.L. Penrose,Jr. can be found to be as applicable today as it was when his speeches were experienced first-hand and his writings newly printed, especially when considering his defense of Palestinian rights just as the modern state of Israel was forming. In 1942, he wrote to his parents from New York about the danger to the Allied cause by an attempt to get a Jewish army organized in Palestine. He believed it would set off an Arab revolt. Until the day of his untimely death in 1954, he continued to voice his concern about Arab-American relations and the rights of the Palestinians. He had just completed six years as president of the American University of Beirut when he died at forty-six. As the Palestinian representative at the United Nations cabled Penrose’s widow Margaret “Peggy” Penrose: "The Palestine Arab refugees lost a champion and hero."

At the time of his death, Penrose was America's best-known advocate of Palestinian statehood. He wrote worked tirelessly for better understanding between the Arab World and the United States. "America's stake in the Middle East is fundamentally the possibility of losing World War III before a shot has been fired," he warned an audience at the Delmonico Hotel in New York in January 1951. Two years later, in May 1953, Penrose testified before the United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Middle East that, "It is no exaggeration to say that upon the solution to the problem of Palestine rests not only the peace of the Middle East but very possibly of the entire world . . . The refugee problem is a psychological one and should not be attacked on a purely statistical basis."

Penrose was the youngest son of Whitman College's president from 1894-1934, Stephen B.L. Penrose, Sr., and Mary Shipman Penrose. Penrose, or "Binks," was born and grew up on the Whitman campus and graduated magna cum laude from that college in 1928, majoring in Greek and chemistry. He went immediately after commencement to Beirut where he taught physics at the American University of Beirut for three years. Among his friends during the Beirut years were Charles Malik, later the Lebanese Ambassador to the United Nations and the United States, and Emile Bustany, an internationally respected engineer and businessman. At Columbia University, where Penrose gained a Ph.D. in philosophy, he met Peggy Dale, who received her M.A. in Spanish studies. They were married in Mexico City so that her parents, American missionaries to the Mexican Indians-her mother a medical doctor and her father an educator-could be present. The new Penrose family had three children: Margaret Dale, Mary Shipman (Polly), and Stephen Beasley Linnard (Stevie) Penrose, III.

Margaret Penrose received her B.A. from Erskine College and her M.A. from Columbia University. Her educational training was in the romance languages and before marrying Penrose she taught, for less than one year, in the American Community School in Mexico City. After marriage she taught Spanish at Whitman College and then began a career of helping her husband and raising a family. Following her husband's death, Margaret was Dean of Students at Scripps College, Claremont, California, from 1956-1962. She then became the assistant to the Dean of the School of Public Health and Director of the Shattuck International House, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, from 1962-1978.

The road to Beirut for the Penrose family was circuitous, as they followed Stephen Penrose as his career path developed. After stints of teaching philosophy and psychology at Whitman College and Rockford College, he took a job with the Near East College Association in New York City as Assistant Director. In this position, the American University of Beirut was one of the six American institutions for which he coordinated recruiting, funding campaigns, and personnel support. He also wrote the history of the first seventy-five years of American University of Beirut, That They May Have Life . It is still in print.

After World War II broke out, Penrose joined the Office of Strategic Services and went to Cairo, where many of those he recruited to work for him had been his teaching colleagues in Beirut a decade earlier. He added Arabic to his language arsenal. He returned to Washington, D.C. as Deputy Chief of Secret Intelligence, and later became chief. This endeavor transferred him to the European theater and when the war was over, he was decorated by the Dutch and Polish governments and received the Bronze Star from the United States. He was decorated by the Lebanese government posthumously. After the war, Penrose became Special Assistant to U.S. Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal. When Penrose resigned to return to Beirut, Forrestal wrote him, "I am grateful for your assurance that you will be available to assist us in the future. I only hope that world conditions will never require us to interrupt you in this new venture."

The "new venture" was to be inaugurated as the fourth president of the American University of Beirut. The Penroses arrived in Lebanon in 1948 soon after the partition of Palestine. The third General Conference of UNESCO met in Beirut that fall and Penrose was immediately plunged into cooperative affairs as Advisor to the United States Delegation. These associations continued throughout his presidency. The day before he died he chaired a meeting of UNESCO's International Committee for the Translation of the Classics into Arabic. He was a corporate member-at-large of the American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions and kept up ties with Phi Beta Kappa, the American Philosophical Association, and the Royal Central Asian Society of London. His interests were wide-ranging and the contacts and associations, so essential to any fund-raiser, which he brought to bear on his new job, were legion. The Ford Foundation soon became a major donor to the university, and the first American government grant was made to American University of Beirut in 1950. Later his colleagues would say of him that "he steers the University with steadfast faith to a position of renewed strength and esteem throughout the Arab World."

During his six years as president, Penrose established an Arab Studies Program, Schools of Engineering and Agriculture, the Department of Public Administration, an Institute of Economic Research, School of Public Health, the Office of Dean of Students (he had served a year as assistant Dean of Men at Whitman College), and an effective Student Council. New buildings changed the look of the campus-on-the-Mediterranean: the Bechtel School of Engineering, the Jafet Memorial Library, the Gulbenkian Infirmary, faculty apartments, a new wing for the University Hospital, and a classroom building and farm complex for the School of Agriculture. Two Arab vice presidents were appointed.

At the same time, Penrose continued to be a public spokesman for Arab-American relations and to brief every American tourist who ventured to Beirut. Some of these tourists arrived by cruise ship, others on motor bike, and still others, like Dorothy Thompson the journalist, on assignment. The alumni family of Jafet came from Rio de Janeiro to see their library dedicated. Helen Keller came to visit schools for the blind in Lebanon and addressed a university chapel session.

• 1908 March 19: Born in Walla Walla, Washington. Sixth and youngest child of Stephen B.L. Penrose, Sr. and Mary Shipman Penrose.
• 1913 - 1919 : Attended Green Park Elementary School, Walla Walla, Washington.
• 1919 - 1923 : Attended Walla Walla High School, Classical Studies.
• 1923 - 1928 : Attended Whitman College. Member of Beta Theta Pi, Phi Beta Kappa, Order of Waiilatpu, "W' Club, Glee Club, Chapel Choir, Varsity Quartet, and Opera. Participated in John Brining Contest. Was president of YMCA, secretary of French Club, president of Sophomore Class, captain of Tennis Team, President of student body.
• 1928 June 18: Graduated from Whitman College, B.A., magna cum laude, in Greek and Chemistry.
• 1928 - 1931 : Instructor in Physics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
• 1931 - 1934 : Graduate student in Philosophy, Columbia University.
• 1934: Ph.D. from Columbia University. Dissertation: The Reputation and Influence of Francis Bacon in the Seventeenth Century.
• 1934 June 29: Married Margaret (Peggy) Dale in Mexico City.
• 1934 - 1937 : Instructor of Philosophy, Psychology, Physics, and Physical Education, Whitman College. Margaret Dale Penrose taught Spanish at Whitman, 1934-1936.
• 1936 October 23: Elected moderator, Eastern Washington-North Idaho Association of Congregational Churches.
• 1936 - 1937 : Assistant to the Dean of Whitman College.
• 1937 July 9: First child born: Margaret Dale.
• 1937 - 1938 : Assistant Professor of Psychology and Philosophy, Rockford College, Rockford, Illinois.
• 1938 - 1942 : Assistant Director, Near East College Association, New York
• 1941 May 19: Second child born: Mary Shipman (Polly).
• 1942 - 1945 : Special Assistant, Office of Strategic Services (OSS), Washington, D.C. and Cairo, Egypt: first as Deputy Chief of Secret Intelligence Middle East, and later Chief of Secret Intelligence Middle East.
• 1944 August 31: Third child born, Stephen Beasley Linnard, III.
• 1945 - 1946 : Deputy Chief and later Chief of Secret Intelligence, OSS, in charge of European operations.
• 1946 March 14: The Bronze Star from United States government.
• 1947 - 1948 : Special Assistant for Budget to the first Secretary of Defense, James V. Forrestal.
• 1948 April 15: Order of Orange Nassau, degree of Commander, from Her Majesty, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands.
• 1948 May: Installation as Lay Preacher, Mount Pleasant Congregational Church, Washington, D.C.
• 1948 October 1: Inaugurated as fourth President of American University of Beirut; address: "Let Us Make Men."
• 1948 - 1954 : President, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
• 1948: Advisor for the United States Delegation to the third session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held at Beirut, Lebanon.
• 1950 October 11: Order of Polania Restituta, rank of Commander, from the Polish government.
• 1951 May: Address to the World Council of Churches conference meeting in Beirut, "The Palestine Problem, Retrospect and Prospect."
• 1953 April 26: Award from American Lebanon Syrian Community of Los Angeles.
• 1953 May 31: Honorary degree, Doctor of Laws, from Whitman College; delivered commencement address.
• 1954 November 4: Elected non-resident member of The Century Association, New York City.
• 1954 December 6: Speech "What is Democracy?" at United States Information Service, Damascus, Syria.
• 1954 February 9: Died, Beirut, Lebanon.
• 1954 December 10: Order of the Cedars, rank of Grand Officer, by the Lebanese Government, posthumously.
• 1963 June: American University of Beirut dormitory dedicated and named for Stephen B.L. Penrose, Jr.

From the guide to the Stephen B. L. Penrose, Jr. Papers, 1908-1990, 1919-1955, (Whitman College and Northwest Archives)