Mendelssohn, Eleonora von, 1900-1951

Eleonora von Mendelssohn was born in Berlin, Germany on December 1, 1900. She was the daughter of Robert von Mendelssohn and Giulietta Gordigiani. Her father, an amateur cellist, was a descendant of Moses Mendelssohn, of whose line the famous composer, Felix Mendelssohn was a part. Robert and his brother Franz controlled the Mendelssohn Bank during the early decades of the 20th century.

Ms. Mendelssohn was named for the celebrated actress, Eleanora Duse, and like her namesake became an actress herself, despite her parents' objections. She joined the company of Max Reinhardt and made her stage debut in 1921 as Jessica in “The Merchant of Venice”. She was married three times - first, to Edwin Fischer, the Swiss pianist; second, to Jedre Jessinski, an Hungarian aristocrat; and last, to Martin Kosleck, a Hollywood actor and a fellow German emigre.

Eleonora von Mendelssohn was the first of the Mendelssohn family to leave Germany when Hitler came to power. Moving to Austria, however, proved to be equally unwise since she was politically outspoken and belonged to a branch of the family that retained its Judaism the longest. In 1938 she left Austria and emigrated to the United States. Settling in New York with her brother, Francesco, Eleonora soon began aiding other refugees.

After perfecting her English, she appeared on the New York stage in a number of plays including: “Flight to the West”, “The Russian People”, “The Secret Room”, “Daughters of Atreus” and “The Madwoman of Chaillot”. Her one major Broadway success was her role in “Flight to the West” where she played a Jewish woman fleeing Germany. She counted among her friends an array of notables from the international artistic community. Among them were Alexander Woolcott, Arturo Toscanini, Noel Coward, Thornton Wilder and Helen Hayes.

Tragedy seemed a part of her life. The dissolution of her family fortune, her brother's frail mental health and her own endless search for fame were aspects of a life compounded by Hitler's rise to power and her displacement from her homeland. In 1951, again tragedy struck when her husband, Martin Kosleck, fell from their apartment window and was severely injured. A few weeks later, Ms. Mendelssohn was found dead in bed from an overdose of sleeping pills. She died January 24, 1951 in New York City.

Eleonora Gabriella Marie Josepha von Mendelssohn, 1919–1926 Eleonora Fischer (* 12. Januar 1900 in Berlin; † 24. Januar 1951 in New York City) war eine deutsche Schauspielerin.

Eleonora von Mendelssohn war die Tochter des Privatbankiers Robert von Mendelssohn (1857–1917), Teilhaber von Mendelssohn & Co., und dessen Frau, der Konzertpianistin Giulietta, die ihrerseits eine Tochter Michele Gordigianis war. Nach dem Tod Robert von Mendelssohns im Jahr 1917 überließ Giulietta von Mendelssohn ihren beiden Kindern Eleonora und Francesco von Mendelssohn die Familienvilla in Berlin-Grunewald, in der sich auch die Kunstsammlung der Familie befand. Diese wurde von den Geschwistern um einige Werke, etwa von Toulouse-Lautrec ergänzt, doch im Mittelpunkt des Interesses standen für Eleonora und Francesco von Mendelssohn eher Schauspielerei, Literatur und Musik. Eleonora von Mendelssohn führte Korrespondenzen mit Rainer Maria Rilke und Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Auf der Bühne arbeitete sie mit Fritz Kortner, Alexander Moissi, Gustaf Gründgens, Heinrich George und Werner Krauß. Unter ihren Liebhabern waren Max Reinhardt und Arturo Toscanini.